Article
Environmental Studies
Samantha Linton, Amelia Clarke, Laura Tozer
Summary: With the increasing urgency for climate action, local governments and stakeholders are working towards deep decarbonization and committing to significant greenhouse gas reductions by 2050. Urban areas are the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and local governments have control over a large proportion of emissions. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the technical and policy pathways for deep decarbonization and how they differ for cities of different sizes. The study analyzed deep decarbonization plans of cities ranging from eight thousand to nine million people, finding unique priorities and innovative strategies among them. The emerging technical pathways focus on priority sectors like electricity, buildings, transportation, waste, and carbon sinks, but some cities are expanding their plans to include new areas in GHG mitigation.
ENERGY RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yongxian Zhu, Steve Skerlos, Ming Xu, Daniel R. Cooper
Summary: This study aims to control greenhouse gas emissions from U.S. light-duty vehicles by adjusting vehicle life cycle parameters and adopting measures such as clean energy electric vehicles to limit the extent of global warming. However, only a small percentage of pathways can meet the emission limit, and there is a need to increase production and sales of battery electric vehicles.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Fabian Heymann, Tatjana Milojevic, Andrei Covatariu, Piyush Verma
Summary: This paper analyzes the impact of digitalization on societal, economic, and environmental processes, with a focus on the electricity sector. It highlights the potential benefits of digitalized electricity systems, such as increased efficiency, transparency, and consumer participation, as well as the challenges including electricity demand growth, autonomy loss, and increasing cyber risks.
Article
Thermodynamics
Simen Gaure, Rolf Golombek
Summary: Transitioning to a low-emission society requires significant emissions reductions in the electricity generation sector. Through optimization and simulation of re-analysis data, it is demonstrated how the EU can design a completely CO2 emission-free electricity generation sector by relying solely on wind power, solar PV, and energy storage technology to meet the hourly load. For such a system, the optimal battery energy capacity should be 32 times the average hourly electricity consumption in the EU. However, over a 10-year period, the total electricity production exceeds total consumption by as much as 43%.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Stefano Cozza, Jonathan Chambers, Roman Bolliger, Matteo Tarantino, Martin K. Patel
Summary: This study investigates how a strong climate protection law has successfully overcome resistance to the installation of heat pumps in one Swiss region and whether this experience could be applied in another region. The results indicate that both regions have a high potential for heat pump installation, and using heat pumps instead of fossil fuels can significantly reduce CO2 emissions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nebojsa Corovic, Branka Gvozdenac Urosevi, Nenad Kati
Summary: This paper discusses a comprehensive set of new measures to reduce the consequences of climate change, highlighting the need for a holistic approach and potential challenges. It specifically focuses on detailed suggestions for the energy transition process in the Republic of Serbia.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Philippe Benoit, Alex Clark, Moritz Schwarz, Arjuna Dibley
Summary: This study finds that state-owned power companies (SPCs) may be more effective in driving decarbonization compared to private sector companies. The distinct characteristics, relationships with government, financial sources, and market exposure of SPCs may result in different responses to government interventions on decarbonization. Therefore, they deserve more attention in the development of sector-wide decarbonization strategies.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Erin Mayfield, Jesse Jenkins
Summary: The study shows that increasing labor compensation and domestic manufacturing shares have relatively modest impacts on renewable energy technology costs, and these increases may be offset by labor productivity gains. Premiums on solar and wind technology costs associated with high road labor policies have minimal effects on the deployment of renewable energy and the total cost of transitioning to a net-zero emissions economy.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jose Bolorinos, Meagan S. Mauter, Ram Rajagopal
Summary: This research introduces a digital twin method to simulate the coordinated operation of energy flexibility resources in wastewater resource recovery facilities. Results show a reduction in electricity bills of 17% and an annualized return on investment of 3% in a California facility. However, new energy flexibility investments are less profitable without time-of-use incentives and existing cogeneration facilities. Overall, the findings suggest the need for policies and subsidies to incentivize the sector's energy flexibility. Rating: 8/10.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wojciech Drozdz, Grzegorz Kinelski, Marzena Czarnecka, Magdalena Wojcik-Jurkiewicz, Anna Marouskova, Grzegorz Zych
Summary: This paper aims to identify the determinants of decarbonization processes in urban and rural areas of Poland in order to develop a sustainable energy strategy. It highlights the importance of public acceptance as a key factor in driving decarbonization solutions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Angelo Carlino, Alessia De Vita, Matteo Giuliani, Patrizia Zamberletti, Pantelis Capros, Francesca Recanati, Maria Kannavou, Andrea Castelletti
Summary: The study indicates that under the reference scenario for 2040 aligned with EU climate and energy strategies, there is an increase in generation from fossil fuels, particularly from combined cycle gas turbine plants, to compensate for the reduction in hydro generation due to hydroclimatic scenarios. This reduction, along with shutdown events of thermal plants in the IP region caused by high water temperatures, results in load cuts that undermine the reliability of the electricity system. Furthermore, the increased use of fossil fuels leads to higher generation costs and carbon intensity, jeopardizing emissions reduction targets and slowing down the decarbonization process.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Economics
Karlo Hainsch
Summary: To achieve ambitious climate targets, the German transportation sector, being the only energy sector where emissions are still at 1990 levels, requires rapid decarbonization. Policy makers need to establish a framework that enables and supports this transition. This study analyzes which policy areas should be targeted, considering their interactions with and implications for the entire energy system.
Article
Environmental Studies
Valentin Vogl, Max Ahman, Lars J. Nilsson
Summary: Carbon contracts for difference are the most promising policy instrument to commercialize low-emission primary steel but are likely to lead to unequal distribution of transition costs. Market creation policies can support the global diffusion of low-emission primary steelmaking. Material efficiency and demand reduction can reduce the need for primary steel production by more than 50%.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yang Qiu, Stuart Cohen, Sangwon Suh
Summary: Decarbonizing the electricity system to zero-carbon emission is crucial for climate change mitigation, but this transition may lead to increased costs in the U.S. electric power sector. This study presents a regionally resolved model to quantify the cost of decarbonizing the U.S. electricity system and finds that reaching zero CO2 emission by 2050 would incur an additional cost of 335-494 billion USD, depending on different scenarios. Regional costs of electricity generation vary due to generation profiles and renewable resource availability. Furthermore, the cost of mitigating the last few percent CO2 emission may exceed the costs of negative emission technologies, indicating an opportunity for their contribution to electricity decarbonization.
Article
Economics
Lawrence Susskind, Jungwoo Chun, Alexander Gant, Chelsea Hodgkins, Jessica Cohen, Sarah Lohmar
Summary: There are significant barriers to building new renewable energy facilities in the United States, resulting in project delays, cancellations, and difficulties. Paying attention to various social factors is necessary to address opposition.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
U. B. Phathanapirom, D. A. Haas, B. D. Leibowicz
ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
(2020)
Article
Management
Benjamin D. Leibowicz
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Erick C. Jones, Benjamin D. Leibowicz
Summary: This study examines the potential of distributed water and energy technologies to reduce reliance on centralized infrastructures and household utility bills. By optimizing water and energy technology investments and transitioning to community-scale systems, the economic benefits of these technologies can be enhanced. Results show that pooling resources and demands at larger community scales leads to increased distributed electricity and water production, as well as reduced total costs. The cost and carbon emissions reduction benefits are significant, especially at higher aggregation levels.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arkasama Bandyopadhyay, Benjamin D. Leibowicz, Michael E. Webber
Summary: The study shows that residential customers can reduce overall annual expenditure and environmental footprint by investing in solar panels and smart thermostats. However, the capital costs of both storage systems are currently too high to be economically profitable. Lithium-ion batteries are recommended as the main instruments to avoid high demand charges.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Baturay calci, Benjamin D. Leibowicz, Jonathan F. Bard, Gopika G. Jayadev
Summary: Market equilibrium models are often solved as mixed complementarity problems (MCPs), which combine optimization problems with market-clearing conditions. While MCPs have limitations in capturing learning-by-doing phenomenon, progress has been made in expanding model features.
COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Economics
Andrew R. Waxman, Sean Corcoran, Andrew Robison, Benjamin D. Leibowicz, Sheila Olmstead
Summary: This study estimated the costs of constructing and operating new CCUS facilities on the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast and compared them to U.S. tax incentives. The results suggest that federal tax incentives could support significant CCUS development in the Gulf region, but there are potential policy barriers that need to be addressed.
Article
Economics
Qianru Zhu, Benjamin D. Leibowicz, Joshua W. Busby, Sarang Shidore, David E. Adelman, Sheila M. Olmstead
Summary: This paper adopts a novel approach to analyze decarbonization pathways for the United States by integrating political-organizational and techno-economic considerations. The findings reveal that greater political alignment enables electrification to play a more significant role in decarbonization and that more ambitious climate policies can achieve deeper decarbonization at a lower cost. However, the current sectoral policy portfolios are not sufficient to achieve an 80% reduction in system-wide GHG emissions by 2050.
Article
Management
Max T. Brozynski, Benjamin D. Leibowicz
Summary: This paper presents a simplified model that investigates how to promote market penetration of infrastructure-dependent technologies from the perspective of a decision-maker. The results suggest that policymakers should take into account both the infrastructure investments of profit-maximizing firms and the technology adoption subsidies for consumers, and adjust the policy according to the marginal social benefit of BEV adoption.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Qianru Zhu, Benjamin D. Leibowicz
Summary: This article introduces a novel Markov decision process model for cost-benefit analysis of infrastructure resilience upgrades. By applying this model to two case studies of electric utility infrastructure hardening, the study demonstrates the practical applicability of the model. Results from the case studies show that factors such as the value of lost load during power outages and the distribution of customer types significantly impact decisions on whether to implement resilience upgrades.
Article
Economics
Baturay Calci, Benjamin D. Leibowicz, Jonathan F. Bard
Summary: Strong LNG demand growth in Asia may drive the development of gas infrastructure in North America, despite opposition in certain US states and Canadian provinces. Even if new export terminals cannot be built on the West Coast, LNG exports will likely shift to other regions instead of declining overall. Increasing external demand for LNG will increase prices in North America, and direct production and pipeline flows towards the regions that export LNG.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Gopika Jayadev, Benjamin D. Leibowicz, Jonathan F. Bard, Baturay Calc
Summary: This paper presents a bilevel programming model to aid decision-making for two players in the LNG supply chain. The model finds optimal strategies for the LNG operator and the NG producer and highlights the significant impact of new LNG export facilities on domestic gas prices.
COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vianey Rueda, Michael H. Young, Kasey Faust, Ashraf Rateb, Benjamin D. Leibowicz
Summary: As pressure on water sources increases, hydrologic systems may change unpredictably. This study examined the water supply-demand balance in Boerne, Texas, using causal loop diagrams and system dynamics modeling. Through stakeholder engagement, interventions such as xeriscaping, rainwater harvesting, and smart meters were selected. The results showed that different combinations of adoptions can achieve the same goal, providing the city with flexibility in choosing strategies that best suit its needs and constraints.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Benjamin D. Leibowicz, A. H. Sanstad, Q. Zhu, P. H. Larsen, J. H. Eto
Summary: This paper studies the impact of long-duration, widespread electric power interruptions caused by extreme weather events in the U.S.A. on utilities and regulators. It finds that most utilities do not estimate the economic benefits of storm-hardening measures and resilience plays a limited role in decision-making. Institutional factors have a major influence on the evaluation of economic benefits of storm-hardening measures.
SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Alan H. Sanstad, B. D. Leibowicz, Q. Zhu, P. H. Larsen, J. H. Eto
Summary: Power industry stakeholders are increasingly concerned about the risks of long-duration, widespread interruptions in electricity service, especially due to frequent and severe extreme weather events. This study focuses on the economic aspects of these interruptions, using an empirical approach and considering institutional factors. The paper provides background information on the problem and discusses cost concepts, valuation methods, and the role of resilience in shaping analysis in this area.
SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE
(2023)
Article
Urban Studies
Qianru Zhu, Benjamin D. Leibowicz
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Gabriele Bernardini, Tiago Miguel Ferreira, Pilar Baquedano Julia, Rafael Ramirez Eudave, Enrico Quagliarini
Summary: This research offers a methodology for combined spatiotemporal flood risk assessment, considering hazard, physical vulnerability, user exposure, and vulnerability. It adopts a mesoscale approach and investigates indoor and outdoor users' exposure and vulnerability, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process to combine risk factors.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ying Liu, Chunli Chu, Ruijun Zhang, Shaoqing Chen, Chao Xu, Dongliang Zhao, Chunchun Meng, Meiting Ju, Zhi Cao
Summary: This study investigates the effects of increasing road, wall, and roof albedo on mitigating the urban heat island (UHI) effect in different areas of Tianjin. The results reveal that increasing road albedo is more effective in fringe areas, while increasing wall and roof albedo is more effective in central areas. The temperature changes induced by albedo changes also show seasonal characteristics.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xisheng Lin, Yunfei Fu, Daniel Z. Peng, Chun-Ho Liu, Mengyuan Chu, Zengshun Chen, Fan Yang, Tim K. T. Tse, Cruz Y. Li, Xinxin Feng
Summary: This study employed computational fluid dynamics and neural network models to investigate and predict pollutant dispersion in urban environments, providing valuable insights for designing effective strategies to mitigate the impacts of hazardous pollutants.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Dipanjan Nag, Arkopal Kishore Goswami
Summary: Future-oriented urban planning should continue to focus on the principles of accessible and walkable cities. The perception of people is crucial for developing better urban walking infrastructure, but current evaluation tools often neglect the "perceived" features of the walking network. This study used conjoint analysis to evaluate users' perception of link and network attributes, revealing the importance of considering both in improving the walking environment.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yongxin Su, Tao Zhang, Mengyao Xu, Mao Tan, Yuzhou Zhang, Rui Wang, Ling Wang
Summary: This study proposes an optimization method for household integrated demand response (HIDR) by combining rough knowledge and a dueling deep Q-network (DDQN), aiming to address uncertainties in a household multi-energy system (HMES). The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms rule-based methods and DDQN in terms of energy cost savings.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sijia Sun, S. F. A. Batista, Monica Menendez, Yuanqing Wang, Shuang Zhang
Summary: This paper comprehensively analyzes the energy consumption characteristics of electric buses (EBs) and diesel buses (DBs) on different bus lane configurations and operational conditions. The study shows that EBs consume less energy in suburban areas when using regular lanes, while both EBs and DBs save substantial energy when operating on dedicated bus lanes in downtown areas. Notably, shared-use bus lanes have the highest energy consumption.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shangshang Shen, Dan Yan, Xiaojie Liu
Summary: This study developed a comprehensive theoretical framework for evaluating, diagnosing, and optimizing multi-functional urban agriculture. The framework was applied in Xiamen, China to identify the obstacles that impede its coordinated development and propose optimized modes for its development. Results showed that urban agriculture in Xiamen exhibits sound social function, moderate economic function, and poor ecological function.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Oluwafemi E. Adeyeri, Akinleye H. Folorunsho, Kayode I. Ayegbusi, Vishal Bobde, Tolulope E. Adeliyi, Christopher E. Ndehedehe, Akintomide A. Akinsanola
Summary: This study examines the impact of land cover, vegetation health, climatic forcings, elevation heat loads, and terrain characteristics on land surface temperature distribution over West Africa. The random forest model performs the best in downscaling predictands. The southern regions consistently exhibit healthy vegetation, while areas with unhealthy vegetation coincide with hot land surface temperature clusters. Positive Normalized Difference Vegetation Index trends in the Sahel highlight rainfall recovery and subsequent greening. Southwest winds cause the upwelling of cold waters, resulting in low land surface temperatures in southern West Africa. Considering LVCET factors is crucial for prioritizing greening initiatives and urban planning.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yuchi Cao, Yan Li, Shouyun Shen, Weiwei Wang, Xiao Peng, Jiaao Chen, Jingpeng Liao, Xinyi Lv, Yifan Liu, Lehan Ma, Guodian Hu, Jinghuan Jiang, Dan Sun, Qingchu Jiang, Qiulin Liao
Summary: The study reveals significant disparities in urban green equity, with high property price areas having better access to green spaces than low property price areas. Landscape and greening have the most significant impact on urban green space differentiation.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shaobo Sun, Kui Shan, Shengwei Wang
Summary: Economizer control is an important measure for energy savings in air-conditioning systems during moderate seasons. Humidity measurement uncertainties have a significant impact on enthalpy-based economizer control, and an uncertainty-tolerant control strategy is proposed to mitigate these effects.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ding Mao, Peng Wang, Yi-Ping Fang, Long Ni
Summary: This study analyzes the structure, function, operation, and failure characteristics of district heating networks (DHNs) and proposes vulnerability analysis methods. The effectiveness of these methods is validated through application to a DHN in a Chinese city. The study finds that the heat source connectivity efficiency loss rate effectively characterizes topological and functional vulnerability. It also reveals that controllable DHNs have higher functional vulnerability under large area failure scenarios.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hamid Karimi, Saeed Hasanzadeh, Hedayat Saboori
Summary: This paper presents a stochastic and cooperative approach for the operation of a cluster of interconnected multi-energy systems. The proposed model investigates the interaction among energy systems and integrates hydrogen and water systems into the overall energy structure. The model studies the performance of energy system agents in decentralized and cooperative scheduling.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhiyu Yan, Xiaogang Guo, Zilong Zhao, Luliang Tang
Summary: This study proposes a novel framework for fine-grained information extraction and dynamic spatial-temporal awareness in disaster-stricken areas based on social media data. The framework utilizes deep learning modules to extract location and water depth information from text and images, and analyzes the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics. The results show that the fusion of text and image-based information can enhance the perception of flood processes.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
M. A. Pans, G. Claudio, P. C. Eames
Summary: This study simulated and optimized a speculative district heating system in an existing urban area in Loughborough, UK. The system used only renewable heat sources and thermal energy storage to address the mismatch between heat generation and demand. The study assessed the impact of long-term storage volume and charging temperature on system cost and energy efficiency.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jianmei Zhong, Wei Zhang, Xiaoli Wang, Jinsheng Zhan, Tao Xia, Lingzhi Xie, Xiding Zeng, Kun Yang, Zhangyu Li, Ruiwen Zou, Zepu Bai, Qing Wang, Chenyang Zhang
Summary: This study aims to propose a suitable air distribution design and reduce the energy consumption of the BSL-4 laboratory. It analyzes the diffusion characteristics of aerosols, infection risk under different air distributions, and ventilation parameters. The results show that the proposed energy-saving operation strategy can reduce the energy consumption of the laboratory by 15-30%.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2024)