Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yong-Cheol Jeong, Sang-Wook Yeh, Seungun Lee, Rokjin J. Park, Seok-Woo Son
Summary: This study found that in winter, the LINOZ-on experiment simulates lower surface temperatures over the Eurasian and Asian continents compared to the LINOZ-off experiment, due to the difference in ozone concentration in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The climatological difference in ozone concentration leads to a weakened lower stratospheric zonal wind, which in turn affects surface temperatures.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
F. Robertson, L. E. Revell, H. Douglas, A. T. Archibald, O. Morgenstern, D. Frame
Summary: The year when total column ozone (TCO) returns to 1980 levels is commonly used to measure recovery from ozone-depleting substances. However, this metric fails to account for internal variability and the timing of significant TCO losses. Using the signal-to-noise (S/N) metric, this study investigates how TCO can return to pre-disturbance conditions. The findings suggest that TCO de-emerges before returning to its 1980 value, making S/N a suitable metric for determining TCO recovery.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ma Xuan, Wang Lei
Summary: Temperature trends in the upper stratosphere are examined using satellite measurements and simulations from climate models. Observational evidence reveals a lack of cooling in the Antarctic during austral winter over a specific period, while simulations over a longer period also show contrasting temperature trends between the Antarctic and lower latitudes. Further analysis suggests that ozone-depleting substances have contributed significantly to the lack of cooling in the Antarctic upper stratosphere.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anna S. Yasyukevich, Marina A. Chernigovskaya, Boris G. Shpynev, Denis S. Khabituev, Yury V. Yasyukevich
Summary: This study analyzed the characteristics of small-scale wave disturbances during the evolution and transformation of the jet stream in the winter stratosphere and lower mesosphere of the northern hemisphere. The results showed that continuous generation of these disturbances occurs during quiet geomagnetic winter periods in the region of a steady jet stream. Sudden stratospheric warming events led to the intensification and emergence of larger-scale disturbances. However, after the peak of the stratospheric warming and during the recovery of the stratosphere circulation, there was reduced generation of wave disturbances.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
I Wohltmann, P. von der Gathen, R. Lehmann, H. Deckelmann, G. L. Manney, J. Davies, D. Tarasick, N. Jepsen, R. Kivi, N. Lyall, M. Rex
Summary: The winter of 2019/2020 in the Arctic stratosphere had the lowest observed ozone mixing ratios and was characterized by an unusually strong and long-lasting polar vortex. Some aspects of this winter resemble both Antarctic and Arctic conditions, such as the chemical processes and chlorine activation reactions. If the air masses had spent slightly more time below the upper temperature limit for polar stratospheric cloud formation and in sunlight, ozone levels in parts of the vortex could have been reduced to near zero values.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Alice Portal, Paolo Ruggieri, Froila M. Palmeiro, Javier Garcia-Serrano, Daniela I. V. Domeisen, Silvio Gualdi
Summary: The predictability of the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere is significantly influenced by November-to-February LSWA, with a strong connection to the SPV, especially in the Eurasian sector. The C3S multi-model system overestimates the response to ENSO and underestimates the influence of QBO.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lixin Han, Chunhua Shi, Dong Guo
Summary: The linkage between the strength of the stratospheric polar vortex and the tropospheric polar vortex during the boreal winter is investigated using 50 years of daily ERA5 reanalysis data. Four configurations of strong coupling events are identified, each representing different characteristics of planetary wave vertical propagation and tropospheric circulation anomalies. The findings provide insights into the patterns of temperature anomalies in various regions during different periods of polar vortex strength.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Eric L. Fleming, Qing Liang, Luke D. Oman, Paul A. Newman, Feng Li, Margaret M. Hurwitz
Summary: Studies suggest that increasing CFC-11 emissions lead to a deepened ozone hole, affecting atmospheric circulation and temperature distribution in the Antarctic lower stratosphere. However, the age of air is slightly younger in high emission scenarios, and the greenhouse gas impact of CFC-11 is minimal and not statistically significant in both the troposphere and stratosphere.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
L. A. Rieger, W. J. Randel, A. E. Bourassa, S. Solomon
Summary: After the 2020 Australian bushfires, satellite observations documented stratospheric aerosol, temperature, and ozone anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere. The anomalies were comparable to the effects of the Calbuco eruption in 2015, with enhanced aerosols and warm temperature anomalies leading to midlatitude ozone depletion. The overall effects resembled those of the 2015 eruption, with record low ozone levels and polar temperatures.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Feiyang Wang, Lei Wang, Tanlong Dai, Yuanyuan Han
Summary: This study reveals the bidirectional connection between the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) and the Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric polar vortex warming (SPVW) events. The occurrence frequency and amplitude of BSISO phase 5 (P5) significantly increase before the onset of SPVW events. The response of the SH polar stratospheric temperature to BSISO is the most significant about 10 days after BSISO P5. After the onset of SPVW events, there is a significant increase in the occurrence and amplitude of BSISO phase 6 (P6), corresponding to enhanced convection over the South China Sea and southern Philippine Sea. These findings suggest that BSISO can be considered as a precursor to SH SPVW events and influences convective activity in the tropics.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
F. Robertson, L. E. Revell, H. Douglas, A. T. Archibald, O. Morgenstern, D. Frame
Summary: Research suggests that the year when total column ozone (TCO) returns to 1980 levels is commonly used as an indicator of recovery from ozone-depleting substances. However, this date is somewhat arbitrary. In this study, the signal-to-noise (S/N) metric from climate change research is used to investigate how TCO might return to pre-ozone hole era levels. The findings show that a return to 1980 levels does not necessarily represent TCO recovery to pre-disturbance conditions, and the S/N ratio is a more appropriate and complementary metric.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kane A. Stone, Susan Solomon, David W. J. Thompson, Douglas E. Kinnison, John C. Fyfe
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between ENSO events and the southern hemisphere (SH) stratospheric pathway. The research finds that ENSO is associated with stratospheric anomalies in the SH, with the warm phase of the ENSO cycle generally leading to a colder spring Antarctic stratosphere. This relationship is robust and consistent across multiple models. Additionally, the study reveals that the magnitude of the stratospheric pathway is weaker compared to the tropospheric pathway, playing a secondary role.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jiankai Zhang, Chongyang Zhang, Siyi Zhao, Yixi Liu, Shihang Du, Wuke Wang, Jinlong Huang, Mian Xu
Summary: The impacts of changes in the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) on frontogenesis in the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during winter are analyzed. We find that weak SPV years result in stronger and more frequent frontogenesis over West Russia, the Mongolian Plateau, the Mediterranean, and the southern North Atlantic compared to strong SPV years. Conversely, weaker and less frequent frontogenesis occurs over the northern parts of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans during weak SPV years. These changes are attributed to alterations in the tropospheric circulation and temperature gradient associated with SPV changes.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ruhua Zhang, Wen Zhou, Wenshou Tian, Yue Zhang, Zhenchen Liu, Paxson K. Y. Cheung
Summary: This study re-examines the impact of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the winter stratospheric polar vortex intensity (PVI) and finds that the negative correlation between ENSO and PVI has weakened in recent decades and is no longer statistically significant. This weakening is associated with changes in wave-1 fluxes entering the stratosphere.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yan Xia, Fei Xie, Xiao Lu
Summary: Surface ozone in the Arctic was significantly enhanced during the 2020-2021 winter after the onset of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). The enhanced ozone is primarily due to the strengthening of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport associated with SSW. The SSW also leads to positive anomalies in surface ozone in the northern midlatitudes, which are related to cold air outbreaks.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kequan Zhang, Jiakang Duan, Siyi Zhao, Jiankai Zhang, James Keeble, Hongwen Liu
Summary: The total column ozone (TCO) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is lower than other regions at the same latitude, especially in summer, forming the TP ozone valley. CMIP6 models simulate the TCO and ozone valley changes well, with the coupled chemical-radiative-dynamical processes playing a key role in the simulation of the TP ozone valley. Most CMIP6 models predict that the TP ozone valley will deepen in the future during summer months.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jiankai Zhang, Huayi Zheng, Mian Xu, Qingqing Yin, Siyi Zhao, Wenshou Tian, Zesu Yang
Summary: The impacts of Arctic stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) on wintertime precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere are analyzed based on various datasets. The study finds that weak SPV events lead to increased precipitation over certain regions of the North Pacific Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, and Southern Europe, while decreasing precipitation over the central North Pacific, northern part of North Atlantic, and Northern Europe. Moreover, the research reveals that the changes in precipitation induced by SPV are stronger over the North Atlantic compared to the North Pacific, and convective precipitation is generally higher during weak SPV events.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jian-Kai Zhang, Zhi Zhang, Zi-Ao Guo, Yuan Fu, Xiao-Jia Chen, Wei-Jie Chen, Hong-Fu Wu, Xiao-Jun Cui
Summary: BMSCs-Exo treatment attenuates cardiac injury induced by I/R by inhibiting cardiomyocyte ferroptosis through modulating the Pum2/PRDX6 axis, thereby ameliorating cardiac function.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yan Xia, Yongyun Hu, Yi Huang, Jianchun Bian, Chuanfeng Zhao, Jing Wei, Yingying Yan, Fei Xie, Jintai Lin
Summary: Hot extremes and high surface UV radiation occur concurrently in the Yangtze Plain in summer, primarily due to the westward extension of the Western Pacific Subtropical High which leads to less clouds and more solar radiation. The study suggests that surface UV radiation may be dominated by cloud variations and hot extremes and high UV radiation may result in more surface ozone.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yurong Hou, Wenju Cai, David M. Holland, Xiao Cheng, Jiankai Zhang, Lin Wang, Nathaniel C. Johnson, Fei Xie, Weijun Sun, Yao Yao, Xi Liang, Yun Yang, Chueh-Hsin Chang, Meijiao Xin, Xichen Li
Summary: The Arctic has undergone significant climate changes over the past four decades, leading to surface warming and sea-ice loss. These changes have implications for climate variability in remote regions. Some studies suggest that Arctic warming can cause cooling in Eurasia and frequent cold events in North America during the winter. However, other studies propose a seesaw pattern of extreme temperature events, with cold weather in East Asia and warm weather in North America on sub-seasonal time scales. This study reveals a dipole pattern of surface air temperature in winter, with cooling in Eurasia and warming in North America. This pattern is induced by changes in Arctic sea ice.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xuan Ma, Fei Xie, Xiaosong Chen, Lei Wang, Guanyu Yang
Summary: There is a strong correlation between Arctic stratospheric ozone and precipitation in eastern North America. Anomalies in Arctic stratospheric ozone can affect tropospheric circulation over the North Pacific and North America, leading to changes in precipitation. High Arctic stratospheric ozone suppresses precipitation, while low Arctic stratospheric ozone enhances precipitation. Additionally, a statistical linear model based on Arctic stratospheric ozone can accurately predict April precipitation.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Siyi Zhao, Jiankai Zhang, Chongyang Zhang, Mian Xu, James Keeble, Zhe Wang, Xufan Xia
Summary: The present study evaluates the long-term changes in the position and strength of the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex and compares simulations from CMIP6 models with the MERRA2 reanalysis dataset. The results show that while the CMIP6 models capture the spatial characteristics of the polar vortex well, they tend to underestimate its strength. The study also reveals an anticorrelation between the strength bias and area bias simulated by the CMIP6 models.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yan Xia, Fei Xie, Xiao Lu
Summary: Surface ozone in the Arctic was significantly enhanced during the 2020-2021 winter after the onset of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). The enhanced ozone is primarily due to the strengthening of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport associated with SSW. The SSW also leads to positive anomalies in surface ozone in the northern midlatitudes, which are related to cold air outbreaks.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yan Xia, Xiang Li, Yongyun Hu, Yi Huang, Chuanfeng Zhao, Fei Xie, Jiaqi Guo, Jiawenjing Lan, Qifan Lin, Shuai Yuan
Summary: CO2 concentrations and paleogeography significantly influence variations in stratospheric water vapor, while solar insolation plays a minor role. Except during the Pangea supercontinent stage, the stratospheric moistening rate is accelerated during warm periods in the past 250 million years.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuanyuan Han, Fei Xie, Fei Cui, Feiyang Wang, Xin Li, Wuhu Feng
Summary: Using satellite observations and a chemical transport model, this study reveals two extreme change events for HCl and N2O in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude middle and lower stratosphere over past decades, which are closely related to anomalous residual circulation caused by the joint effects of the strong easterly phase of the semi-annual oscillation and the strong polar vortex.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yingli Niu, Fei Xie, Shaohua Wu
Summary: This study investigated the impact of ENSO Modoki on Antarctic stratospheric ozone variability in austral spring using observation and reanalysis data. It found that ENSO Modoki generates planetary wave anomalies in the troposphere, which subsequently affect the polar vortex and interannual variations in Antarctic stratospheric ozone. Analysis also revealed that wave-1 and wave-3 components play a significant role, while wave-2 effects are opposite and offset by waves 1 and 3. Furthermore, the study evaluated the performance of CMIP6 models in simulating the impacts of ENSO Modoki on the southern stratospheric polar vortex and ozone, finding that only two models closely resemble the reanalysis results.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruiqiang Ding, Hyacinth C. Nnamchi, Jin-Yi Yu, Tim Li, Cheng Sun, Jianping Li, Yu-Heng Tseng, Xichen Li, Fei Xie, Juan Feng, Kai Ji, Xumin Li
Summary: The connection between the North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events varies considerably over multidecadal timescales and is mainly controlled by the multidecadal variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). During the positive phase of the NAO, the NTA impact on ENSO is amplified due to strengthening of precipitation over the equatorial Atlantic and enhancement of the persistence of NTA SST anomalies.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tao Wang, Xiaohua Gou, Wenshou Tian, Xuejia Wang, Fei Xie
Summary: This study obtained the first leading mode and principal component 1 (PC1) of North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST). The PC1-related SST anomalies, referred to as North/South PC1 events, have different effects on atmospheric circulations and surface temperatures over North America due to the different positions of the Aleutian low and southerly anomalies. The meridional position of PC1 events should be considered in future studies on PC1 and its related climate changes.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yan Xia, Yongyun Hu, Yi Huang, Jianchun Bian, Chuanfeng Zhao, Jintai Lin, Fei Xie, Chunjiang Zhou
Summary: Heavy summer precipitation over the southern slope of the Tibetan Plateau has significant impacts on water resources and hydrological disasters in South Asia. The trends of this precipitation have shown an increase from 1979 to 1996, followed by a decrease from 1996 to 2022, which are not well understood. This study suggests that stratospheric ozone plays a significant role in the long-term trends of summer precipitation in this region by affecting deep convection and precipitation over the southern slope of the Tibetan Plateau. It is crucial for future water resource management in South Asia to consider the potential reduction in summer precipitation due to ozone recovery.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Fuhai Luo, Jiali Luo, Fei Xie, Wenshou Tian, Yihang Hu, Leiye Yuan, Ruhua Zhang, Tao Wang
Summary: This study investigates the responses of Asian summer precipitations to the vertical structure of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) using observations and numerical simulations. The findings indicate that considering the QBO's vertical structure leads to more significant precipitation responses. The study emphasizes the importance of considering the vertical structure of QBO when predicting summer precipitation in South and East Asia.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)