Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Y. C. Xiao, S. T. Yao, R. L. Guo, Q. Q. Shi, Q. G. Zong, H. Zhang, S. C. Bai, M. Hamrin, T. Pitkanen, A. M. Tian, A. W. Degeling, J. Liu
Summary: This study uses the Magnetospheric Multiscale satellite to statistically analyze kinetic-scale flux ropes (KSFRs) in the Earth's dayside magnetosheath. The study finds that the majority of KSFRs are generated near the bow shock and propagate downstream. The occurrence rate of KSFRs is influenced by solar wind parameters, similar to conditions favoring bow shock reconnection.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
R. J. He, H. S. Fu, Y. Y. Liu, Z. Wang, C. M. Liu
Summary: This study presents the first observation of a subion-scale MFR nested in an ion-scale MFR, revealing that the subion-scale MFR exhibits more intense plasma activity than the ion-scale MFR, potentially due to 3D magnetic reconnection. These findings may provide new insights into understanding energy cascade in space plasmas.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Z. Z. Chen, H. S. Fu, Z. Wang, Z. Z. Guo, Y. Xu, C. M. Liu
Summary: This study presents the first observation of a magnetic flux rope (MFR) inside an electron diffusion region (EDR), confirming its crucial role in magnetic reconnection. By observing and analyzing the structure and energy dissipation of MFR, it helps to understand the modulation of the electric field in EDR by MFR.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hongqiang Song, Qiang Hu, Xin Cheng, Jie Zhang, Leping Li, Ake Zhao, Bing Wang, Ruisheng Zheng, Yao Chen
Summary: Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are energetic explosions in the solar system caused by eruptions of magnetic flux ropes known as magnetic clouds (MCs). The composition of CMEs, including ionic charge states and elemental abundances, remains constant during propagation, with inhomogeneity observed within the cloud axis. Research shows significant differences in ionic charge states for carbon along the axis, with slight but noticeable differences for oxygen and iron charge states and elemental abundances.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ze Zhong, Yang Guo, M. D. Ding
Summary: Researchers successfully reproduced a solar flare observed on January 30, 2015 through data-driven magnetohydrodynamic simulation, highlighting the importance of considering the topological structure of a flux rope when studying eruption behavior.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Xinmin Li, Rongsheng Wang, Quanming Lu
Summary: Using high-resolution data from the MMS mission, researchers have observed an intense current layer in the center of a flux rope in the magnetotail. This current layer is caused by the compression of ion bulk flows and is different from the previously reported interlaced flux tubes at the magnetopause. The observed current layer is identified as an electron diffusion region of magnetic reconnection, which leads to the crater-shaped structure of the flux rope.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yongze Sun, Xixi Wang, Yuanrui Zhou, Jianan Qin, Dongxu Bai, Yanzhang Wang, Zhijian Zhou
Summary: Accurate measurement of mouse magnetocardiography (MCG) is crucial for heart disease research. However, conventional measuring instruments such as superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) have limitations in terms of size, cost, and promotion. To overcome these challenges, we developed a mouse MCG measurement system using a spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometer. This system includes a magnetic sensor, a mouse fixation device, a magnetically shielded device, and a data acquisition and processing module. Through experiments and analysis, we demonstrated the advantages of our proposed system in detecting mouse MCG signals.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
K. Jiang, S. Y. Huang, Z. G. Yuan, Q. Y. Xiong, Y. Y. Wei
Summary: With high-resolution data from the MMS mission, a tilted ion-scale flux rope is observed in the tailward outflow of a magnetic reconnection in the terrestrial magnetotail, indicating the extension of the X-line in the dawn-dusk direction. The observed electron vortex embedded in the flux rope generates an induced magnetic field with the same direction as the axial component, contributing to the enhancement of the magnetic flux carried by the flux rope.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Donglai Zhang, Enchao Zhang, Xiaolan Yan
Summary: This paper discusses the detection of internal and external defects in steel wire rope, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of magnetic flux detection and magnetic flux leakage detection, proposes a new quantitative detection method, and successfully solves the problem of simultaneously using these two methods.
NDT & E INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Lan Yang, Kun Sun, Mengchun Pan, Xinmiao Zhang, Junping Peng, Yueguo Hu, Jiafei Hu, Weicheng Qiu, Peisen Li
Summary: A new architecture of SC/MR mixed sensor with only one integrated magnetic concentrator (IMC) is proposed for in-plane magnetic field measurement. The conversion efficiency and experimental performances of different IMC relative configurations were systematically studied. Furthermore, a three-axis SC/MR mixed sensor scheme and its corresponding three-axis magnetic field decoupling method were proposed, showing the capability of three-axis magnetic field measurement.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
D. Baker, L. M. Green, D. H. Brooks, P. Demoulin, L. van Driel-Gesztelyi, T. Mihailescu, A. S. H. To, D. M. Long, S. L. Yardley, M. Janvier, G. Valori
Summary: Magnetic flux ropes are twisted magnetic field bundles that harbor free magnetic energy and can be progenitors of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Observations of a peculiar bright coronal structure called a sigmoid indicate the presence of a flux rope. In this study, plasma composition observations of AR 10977 strongly support models of flux rope formation by photospheric flux cancellation forcing magnetic reconnection first at the photospheric level then at the coronal level.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jialuo Liu, Anzi Ding, Quanliang Cao
Summary: Magnetic levitation (MagLev) is an emerging technology for density measurement and analysis. This study proposes a new cylindrical MagLev configuration to simplify the analysis of levitation behavior. Theoretical models and numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the performance of the cylindrical MagLev for density measurement.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Reka M. Winslow, Noe Lugaz, Camilla Scolini, Antoinette B. Galvin
Summary: The PSP mission observed a coronal mass ejection that hit another spacecraft, providing an opportunity to study short-term CME evolution. Analysis of the data shows that the CME was accelerated by a high speed solar wind stream, with consistent magnetic field structures observed at different vantage points.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Changxue Chen, Yang Su, Jianchao Xue, Weiqun Gan, Yu Huang
Summary: The study found that prominence bubbles and plumes may be caused by the continuous rise of magnetic flux ropes in the mini filaments, also revealing a new mechanism for prominence formation.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
H. Hasegawa, R. E. Denton, K. Dokgo, K. -J Hwang, T. K. M. Nakamura, J. L. Burch
Summary: This study analyzes three flux transfer events (FTEs) and subsequent crossing of a reconnecting magnetopause current sheet (MPCS) observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. The aim is to understand the generation mechanism of ion-scale magnetic flux ropes (ISFRs) and their relationship with electromagnetic energy conversion and kinetic processes. The results show that ISFRs can be generated through secondary reconnection in an electron-scale current sheet (ECS), and the FTEs also formed through the same secondary reconnection process. Observations also suggest complex magnetic topology and localized conversion of electromagnetic to electron energy in the ISFR.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
X. Z. Li, Z. J. Rong, M. Fraenz, C. Zhang, L. Klinger, Z. Shi, J. W. Gao, M. W. Dunlop, Y. Wei
Summary: Using data from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission, we studied the densities of H+, O+, and O-2(+) in the Martian magnetotail current sheet. We found that heavy ions dominate the current sheet when it is closer to the terminator, but H+ can sometimes dominate at downstream distances exceeding 0.75 Mars radii. The occurrence of dominant H+ weakly increases with solar wind density and dynamic pressure. Our results suggest that solar wind protons can enter the Martian tail and become the dominant ion species in the current sheet under high solar wind conditions.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Peng Shao, Chao Shen, Yonghui Ma, Zhaojin Rong, Yufei Zhou, Chi Zhang, M. Dunlop, Yong Ji
Summary: We study the geometry of the flapping motion of the geomagnetotail current sheet using magnetic measurements from the Cluster constellation. By applying the normal field analysis technique, we deduce the principal curvatures and directions of the flapping current sheet surfaces. Our results reveal that the surfaces with minimum curvature are aligned with the Sun-Earth line, while those with maximum curvature mainly lie in the dawn-dusk plane. We confirm that the tail flapping motion constitutes a wave in the Y-Z plane, rather than bending along the Sun-Earth line.
JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Yuguang Ye, Hong Zou, Yongfu Wang, Junfeng Qin, Weihong Shi, Jiqing Zou, Weiying Zhong, Qiugang Zong, Suiyan Fu
Summary: This article introduces a cross-type quasi-3D imaging electron spectrometer based on pinhole imaging technology. It can achieve high angular resolution and three-dimensional measurement of energetic electrons. The imaging unit is composed of five units, including a nine-pixel area array Si-PIN detector imaging unit in the middle and four three-pixel linear array Si-PIN detector imaging units placed in a cross-shape around it. Results demonstrate its good energy and directional detection characteristics, with an average angular resolution of less than 6 degrees.
SCIENCE CHINA-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Bin Li, Huigen Yang, Jicheng Sun, Zejun Hu, Jianjun Liu, Xiangcai Chen, Yongfu Wang, Jie Ren, Chao Yue, C. Philippe Escoubet, Qian Wang, Qiugang Zong
Summary: The ionosphere is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere caused by solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission and atmospheric photochemistry. Two different origins of ion outflows in the magnetospheric cusp region were observed: one from reflected solar wind particles and the other from ionospheric outflows passing through the low latitude boundary layer (LLBL/cusp) energized by downward Poynting flux. Cold ionospheric ions, similar to the reflected solar wind particles, can extend to high-latitude regions through magnetic field line convection. The study discusses the unique mechanisms of formation for these outflows, highlighting the additional acceleration effect of strong electric fields associated with solar wind particle precipitation in the LLBL/cusp.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Zhenpeng Su, Yuming Wang, Tielong Zhang, Zhiyong Wu, Long Cheng, Zhuxuan Zou, Chenglong Shen, Jingnan Guo, Sudong Xiao, Guoqiang Wang, Zonghao Pan, Kai Liu, Xinjun Hao, Yiren Li, Manming Chen, Yutian Chi, Mengjiao Xu
Summary: We present the first observation of significant modifications by a solar wind stream interaction region to the Martian foreshock waves, which are an important energy dissipation product of the bow shock.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jiajia Liu, Anchuan Song, David B. Jess, Jie Zhang, Mihalis Mathioudakis, Szabolcs Soos, Francis P. Keenan, Yuming Wang, Robertus Erdelyi
Summary: This paper presents a newly developed semi-automated jet identification algorithm, which is applied to detect over 1200 off-limb solar jets. Power-law distributions are found between the intensity/energy and frequency of these events, with indices similar to those for flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These jets are modulated by the solar cycle and exhibit latitudinal-temporal evolution, quasi-annual oscillations, and clustering in certain active longitudinal belts. The results suggest that coronal jets share the same nonlinear statistics of scale-free processes as flares and CMEs in different scales of eruptive events.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
(2023)
Letter
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yang Wang, Jun Zhong, James Slavin, Hui Zhang, Lou-Chuang Lee, Lican Shan, Zhaojin Rong, Yong Wei, Yongxin Pan
Summary: This paper discusses standing whistler waves observed upstream of Mercury's quasi-perpendicular bow shock. Using data from MESSENGER's magnetometer, the study identifies 36 wave events during interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). These events, which occur in 20% of MESSENGER's orbits during ICMEs, show characteristics such as constant phase with respect to the shock, propagation along the normal direction to the shock surface, and rapid damping over a few wave periods. The results support the theory that these waves are generated by the current in the shock and are not affected by the absolute dimensions of the bow shock.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Fei He, Kai Fan, Andrea Hughes, Yong Wei, Jun Cui, Nicholas Schneider, Markus Fraenz, Zhonghua Yao, Zhaojin Rong, Lihui Chai, Limei Yan, Shi-Qi Wu, Xiao-Xin Zhang
Summary: Observational evidence shows that solar wind dynamic pressure affects the brightness of Martian proton aurora and intensifies atmospheric ion loss. High dynamic pressure leads to significant erosion of the Martian ionosphere and a five-to-tenfold increase in atmospheric ion loss. An empirical relationship between ion escape rate and auroral emission enhancement is established, providing a new method for remotely measuring Mars' atmospheric ion loss.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zhiyong Wu, Zhenpeng Su, Huinan Zheng, Yuming Wang
Summary: Magnetosonic waves inside and outside the plasmasphere differ statistically in occurrence rate, frequency, and intensity. How the density interface separates magnetosonic waves inside and outside the plasmasphere remains not fully understood.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yan Zhuang, Chao Yue, Qiu-Gang Zong, Xu-Zhi Zhou, Haobo Fu, Donald. G. G. Mitchell, M. Gkioulidou, Matthew Cooper
Summary: In this study, the influence of dispersionless injections on Earth's ring current was analyzed based on the measurements of Van Allen Probes. It was found that proton injections mainly occurred in the pre-midnight sector, accompanied by helium and oxygen ions. The injections significantly enhanced ion energy densities and dawn-dusk electric fields, and caused a dip followed by gradual dipolarization of the magnetic fields. Moreover, particle anisotropies increased following ion injections, suggesting the generation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. These statistical results indicate the significant contribution of ion injections during substorms to the ring current.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
X. Tan, M. W. Dunlop, X. -c. Dong, Y. -y. Yang, Y. -s. Du, C. Shen, C. T. Russell, W. -l. Liu
Summary: We estimated the in situ current density of the Earth's ring current using the curlometer method and examined its morphology using the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission's high accuracy data. Statistical analysis of data from September 2015 to the end of 2016 revealed a near-equatorial morphology of the ring current in terms of radial distance and magnetic local time. We also discovered asymmetries in the inner and outer currents, suggesting peak and valley plasma pressure contributions.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Long Cheng, Robert Lillis, Yuming Wang, Anna Mittelholz, Shaosui Xu, David L. L. Mitchell, Catherine Johnson, Zhenpeng Su, Jasper S. S. Halekas, Benoit Langlais, Tielong Zhang, Guoqiang Wang, Sudong Xiao, Zhuxuan Zou, Zhiyong Wu, Yutian Chi, Zonghao Pan, Kai Liu, Xinjun Hao, Yiren Li, Manming Chen, Jared Espley, Frank Eparvier
Summary: This study presents direct evidence of solar wind effects on the Martian bow shock based on the analysis of Tianwen-1 and MAVEN data. The results show that the bow shock is rapidly compressed and expanded during the dynamic pressure pulse in the solar wind and oscillated during the IMF rotation. The superposition of variations in multiple solar wind parameters leads to more intensive bow shock oscillation. This study emphasizes the importance of joint observations by Tianwen-1 and MAVEN for studying the real-time response of the Martian magnetosphere to the solar wind.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kai Fan, Yong Wei, Markus Fraenz, Jun Cui, Fei He, Limei Yan, Lihui Chai, Jun Zhong, Zhaojin Rong, Eduard Dubinin
Summary: Mars is typically considered to be a non-magnetic planet. However, crustal magnetic fields in the southern hemisphere of Mars significantly influence the nearby plasma. Using observations from the MAVEN mission, researchers have found a mini-magnetosphere on the Martian dayside with distinguishing plasma characteristics. These findings offer new insights into hybrid magnetospheres in the near-Mars space.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jingnan Guo, Xiaolei Li, Jian Zhang, Mikhail I. Dobynde, Yuming Wang, Zigong Xu, Thomas Berger, Jordanka Semkova, Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, Donald M. Hassler, Cary Zeitlin, Bent Ehresmann, Daniel Matthiae, Bin Zhuang
Summary: On 28 October 2021, solar eruptions caused intense and long-lasting enhancements in solar energetic particle (SEP) flux observed by spacecraft across the heliosphere. The arrival of SEPs at Earth resulted in the 73rd ground level enhancement (GLE) event recorded by ground-based neutron monitors. Notably, this study presents the first GLE event detected on the surfaces of Earth, Moon, and Mars, using particle and radiation detectors. By analyzing data from near-Earth spacecraft, the event-integrated proton spectrum is determined, and particle transport models are employed to predict radiation levels on the lunar and martian surfaces. Additionally, previous GLE event doses on the Moon and Mars are modeled and compared with the current event, contributing to our understanding of potential radiation risks for future human exploration of these celestial bodies.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Xu Shan, Bin Miao, Zhe Cao, Zhenyu Sun, Yiren Li, Kai Liu, Sanbiao Qu, Xingyu Guo, Zhenpeng Su, Chenglong Shen, Zonghao Pan, Xin Li, Xinjun Hao, Xiaoping Yang, Chao Tian, Yu Jiang, Shubin Liu, Qi An, Xiangjun Chen, Yuming Wang
Summary: A low-energy ion spectrometer (LEIS) on a Chinese navigation satellite can detect plasma using a top-hat electrostatic analyzer and angular scanning deflectors. It can measure energetic ions in 3D space with a wide field of view and energy range. Performance parameters such as geometric factor, resolution, and linear relations between angles and voltages have been determined through simulations and experiments, and the LEIS has been shown to meet mission requirements.
