Article
Environmental Sciences
Falk Patzold, Lutz Bretschneider, Stefan Nowak, Bjorn Brandt, Andreas Schlerf, Magnus Ole Asmussen, Sven Bollmann, Konrad Barfuss, Barbara Harm-Altstadter, Peter Hecker, Birgit Wehner, Berend G. van der Wall, Torsten Sachs, Heidi Huntrieser, Anke Roiger, Astrid Lampert
Summary: This article presents the design, technical details, and sensor package of the HELiPOD helicopter-borne measurement system. It can be operated in remote areas for atmospheric and environmental measurements. The article discusses the data acquisition system, energy supply, thermal management, and methods to improve data quality.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2023)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Abhinav Kumar, Tianchi Tang, Ankit Gupta, Kumar Anupam
Summary: This paper provides a critical review on measuring methodologies, harmonization techniques, and modelling of skid resistance of asphalt concrete pavement. The topic is comprehensively covered, considering the status and requirements of developing nations. The suitability and limitations of various methods for capturing skid characteristics have been outlined and the harmonization in skid resistance measurement using laboratory and field-testing methods has been summarized. Furthermore, the progress in analytical and numerical modelling approaches for predicting pavement skid resistance characteristics has been discussed, along with highlighting critical factors affecting the skid resistance model.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Long Peng, Zongrui Li, Guohua Zhang, Xinhui Bi, Weiwei Hu, Mingjin Tang, Xinming Wang, Ping'an Peng, Guoying Sheng
Summary: This paper reviews the characterization techniques of effective density (ρe) of aerosol particles currently used in literature, identifying six categories of measurement methods and discussing their respective advantages and disadvantages, as well as outlining future directions for further technical improvement and instrumental development in ρe measurement.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Deirdre Cabooter, Huiying Song, Devin Makey, Donatela Sadriaj, Monika Dittmann, Dwight Stoll, Gert Desmet
Summary: New models for intra-particle diffusion in particle-packed reversed-phase liquid chromatography columns are proposed, dividing the mesoporous zone inside particles into four distinct regions. Experimental procedures and models are used to predict intra-particle diffusion and confirm that both adsorption- and partition-type models accurately simulate the behavior of test compounds. The major contributor to the intra-particle diffusion of retained compounds is the diffusion analytes undergo in the organic-modifier enriched zone surrounding the alkyl chains (partition model) or when adsorbed onto the alkyl chains (adsorption model), highlighting the role of surface diffusion in mass transfer in chromatography columns.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Mechanical
N. Matos, M. Gomes, V. Infante
Summary: This review study discusses various methods for soft body collision modeling, including mesh and mesh-free simulation models, as well as approaches such as Eulerian and Lagrangian methods. These methods play an important role in reducing development and testing costs and are significant for protecting aircraft, automobiles, etc.
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Natalia Cid, David Patino, Jacobo Porteiro, David Eiroa
Summary: The combustion of fuels results in the emission of particulate matter and the occurrence of fouling and slagging phenomena. It is important to identify the shape of particle layers to develop solutions for cleaning or preventing deposition on affected areas. A measurement procedure has been proposed to determine the thickness and profile of particle/ash layers deposited on surfaces.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Ahmed Fardan, Christopher C. Berndt, Rehan Ahmed
Summary: Cold spray technology offers protective coatings, additive manufacturing, and repair services to various industrial sectors. Numerical modeling is extensively used to study particle impact modeling and predict key parameters, with experimental techniques utilized to measure residual stresses in cold spray deposits.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Yahia Alabbasi, Mohammed Hussein
Summary: Traditional ballasted tracks are widely used with ballast as the main material, contributing significantly to track alignment, stability, and sustainability. Understanding the mechanical behavior of railroad ballast is essential for better design and efficient maintenance. Two main approaches, large scale experimental and modeling, are used to understand ballast behavior.
ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Abdullah Abduljabbar, Mysara Eissa Mohyaldinn, Obai Younis, Ahmed Alghurabi, Fahd Saeed Alakbari
Summary: Sand production in unconsolidated oil and gas reservoirs is a major challenge. Sand screens are commonly used to minimize production of sand, but they can also become ineffective when eroded. Predicting screen erosion is crucial for proper design, but finding a universal model for all flow conditions is challenging due to the complexity of erosion phenomena. This study presents, discusses, and analyzes existing prediction models, identifying areas for improvement and highlighting limitations.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jun Zhou, Zhangwei Wang, Xiaoshan Zhang, Charles T. Driscoll
Summary: This study investigated the gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) in soil profiles of subtropical and temperate forest plots, finding variations in Hg(0) concentrations between different forest types. The findings suggest that temperature and the ratio of Hg to organic matter in soil play important roles in Hg(0) production, providing a foundation for the development of terrestrial Hg models in the future.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Benjamin Owen, Konstantinos Kechagidis, Sajad Razavi Bazaz, Romain Enjalbert, Erich Essmann, Calum Mallorie, Fatemehsadat Mirghaderi, Christian Schaaf, Krishnaveni Thota, Rohan Vernekar, Qi Zhou, Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani, Holger Stark, Timm Krueger
Summary: Inertial Particle Microfluidics (IPMF) is a technology used for manipulating and separating microparticles and biological cells. This tutorial review provides a guide for researchers interested in simulating IPMF applications using the lattice-Boltzmann (LB) method, including the state of the art of LB-based IPMF modelling, physics of IPMF, related methods used in LB models, case studies of LB simulations for different IPMF scenarios, and proposed research directions.
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xia Zhang, Liang Chen, Zhuguo Ma, Yanhong Gao
Summary: The study identifies an issue with the overestimation of land-atmosphere coupling in land surface models, proposing and verifying an improved dynamic scheme that effectively corrects biases in simulated surface energy and water components, with variations across different vegetation types.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Abdul Wahab Hashmi, Harlal Singh Mali, Anoj Meena, Mohammad Farukh Hashmi, Neeraj Dhanraj Bokde
Summary: Computer vision offers economic, automated, quick, and reliable solutions for inspecting and evaluating surface quality, especially in industries requiring 100% inspection. This paper discusses the characterization of surface texture of traditional or non-traditional manufactured parts using computer/machine vision methods and the assessment of machine vision parameters such as surface roughness, waviness, flatness, and surface texture.
CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Civil
T. A. Stadnyk, T. L. Holmes
Summary: Stable isotopes in water have been integrated into hydrological models, improving the ability to partition hydrological processes and identify regional sources, leading to early detection of climate change. Recent advances in isotope hydrology have resulted in increased investment in global monitoring networks and the development of modeling tools for prediction and evaluation. This review focuses on the application of isotope tracers in large-scale hydrological modeling and highlights their value for operational water resources prediction.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
P. Pawlus, R. Reizer, G. M. Krolczyk
Summary: Surface texture has an impact on corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and contact stiffness. Modelling and predicting textures after abrasive machining processes are important for assessing surface quality and reducing production cost.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
S. C. Pryor, F. Letson, T. Shepherd, R. J. Barthelmie
Summary: The Southern Great Plains region experiences frequent heavy rainfall and hail events. This study used the WRF Model to simulate seven months of weather conditions, and evaluated the accuracy of the simulation. The results showed that the model performed well in simulating precipitation and wind speeds, but had some biases in simulating extremely high rainfall and hail. Greater accuracy is needed for joint probabilities of wind speed, rainfall, and hail for renewable energy applications.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jacob Coburn, Sara C. C. Pryor
Summary: CF projections for CMIP6 Earth System Models are made based on statistical downscaling models trained with CFs derived from operating wind farms in North America. The projections show declines in wind power production for most wind farms, except in parts of the southern Great Plains. The changes in CF are strongly dependent on the ESM and are linked to the relative intensity of future synoptic patterns.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
S. C. Pryor, J. J. Coburn, R. J. Barthelmie, T. J. Shepherd
Summary: This study uses the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) Model nested in the MPI Earth System Model (ESM) to simulate the changes in wind power generation potential due to global warming. The simulations show that there may be changes in wind power generation, but the output from the model needs to be evaluated using observed data from operating wind farms. The projections indicate that the annual capacity factors (CF) and the probability of wind droughts and wind bonus periods will remain largely unchanged in most of North America.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jacob Coburn, Sara C. Pryor
Summary: Climate modes are assessed in this study using Earth system model (ESM) projections under different radiative forcing scenarios. The study examines changes in mode characteristics and interactions and highlights the importance of choosing the right ESM for climate projections. The findings provide insights into internal variability and have implications for future climate projections.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Waldemar Schledewitz, Gary Lloyd, Keith Bower, Thomas Choularton, Michael Flynn, Martin Gallagher
Summary: New observations at the Jungfraujoch research station in Switzerland reveal anomalously high concentrations of cloud ice crystals. These concentrations, measured using a high-speed 2D imaging cloud particle spectrometer, exceed expectations for primary and secondary ice production mechanisms. It is suggested that the interaction of turbulent deposition of supercooled droplets on fragile ice-covered snow surfaces creates a strong surface source of ice crystal fragments. Despite low wind speeds, these fragments are re-suspended and continue to grow, contributing significantly to the ice crystal number concentrations.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Camille Abadie, Fabienne Maignan, Marine Remaud, Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Wu Sun, Linda Kooijmans, Timo Vesala, Ulli Seibt, Nina Raoult, Vladislav Bastrikov, Sauveur Belviso, Philippe Peylin
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of COS observations in improving the representation of GPP in land surface models. Joint assimilation of COS and GPP data improves the simulated latent heat flux, while assimilating GPP data alone fails to do so.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maxamillian A. N. Moss, Dagen D. Hughes, Ian Crawford, Martin W. Gallagher, Michael J. Flynn, David O. Topping
Summary: In a comparative study, the capabilities of K-means, hierarchical clustering algorithm (HCA), and GenieClust were examined. K-means and HCA showed consistent cluster profiles and sizes, while GenieClust effectively differentiated various clusters. The use of an autoencoder (AE) enhanced outlier detection for K-means but may have distorted clustering outcomes for HCA. GenieClust, with or without AE, successfully distinguished distinct clusters with greater variability in compositional loadings, identifying more particle types compared to traditional methods.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ian Crawford, Keith Bower, David Topping, Simone Di Piazza, Dario Massabo, Virginia Vernocchi, Martin Gallagher
Summary: Biological particulate matter (BioPM) is a subset of atmospheric aerosols that is poorly understood but has significant impacts on climate, air quality, and health. This study aimed to develop robust detection methodologies to assess BioPM emissions and their effects. The researchers used real-time bioaerosol spectrometers to monitor BioPM at UK peri-urban and coastal ground sites and developed a classification scheme based on laboratory training data to analyze key species of interest.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Dimitri Castarede, Zoe Brasseur, Yusheng Wu, Zamin A. Kanji, Markus Hartmann, Lauri Ahonen, Merete Bilde, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petaja, Jan B. C. Pettersson, Berko Sierau, Olaf Stetzer, Frank Stratmann, Birgitta Svenningsson, Erik Swietlicki, Quynh Thu Nguyen, Jonathan Duplissy, Erik S. Thomson
Summary: The Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber 2 (PINCii) is a new continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) that can measure ice nucleating particles (INPs). PINCii has been engineered to improve upon the limitations of previous CFDCs and offers several possibilities for improved INP measurements. It features low background particle counts, high-spatial-resolution wall-temperature mapping, and a new method for analyzing CFDC data. Additionally, it can be used to study droplet activation processes and extend ice crystal growth. The instrument's capabilities have been demonstrated through a series of experiments. The sources of uncertainty in CFDCs, including particle background, particle loss, and variations in aerosol lamina temperature and relative humidity, have also been quantified and discussed for PINCii. Overall, the importance of this work in developing a more advanced instrument for measuring INPs is rated 9 out of 10.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuyang Li, Jiewen Shen, Bin Zhao, Runlong Cai, Shuxiao Wang, Yang Gao, Manish Shrivastava, Da Gao, Jun Zheng, Markku Kulmala, Jingkun Jiang
Summary: Sulfuric acid (SA) is a major precursor for atmospheric new particle formation (NPF), and the formation of SA-dimethylamine (DMA) clusters initiates intense NPF events in polluted urban atmospheres. We developed a parameterization of SA-DMA nucleation based on cluster dynamic simulations and quantum chemistry calculations, which successfully reproduced the dependence of particle formation rates on temperature and condensation sinks (CSs). The parameterization was incorporated into a 3-D chemical transport model and showed good agreement with observations in wintertime Beijing, contributing significantly to nucleation rates and aerosol population during the simulations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Anton Rusanen, Kristo Horrak, Lauri R. Ahonen, Tuomo Nieminen, Pasi P. Aalto, Pasi Kolari, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petaja, Heikki Junninen
Summary: We introduce SMEARcore, a framework for real-time data analysis and management intended for measurement stations. It allows integration of new SMEAR stations with existing ones and facilitates easier problem diagnosis through robust data pipelines. Unlike previous similar concepts, SMEARcore keeps processing under data owners' control, provides tools for general data interoperability, and is extensible to new instruments. It is meant to supplement existing infrastructures and promote structured data curation in more measurement stations.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Meri Raty, Larisa Sogacheva, Helmi-Marja Keskinen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuomo Nieminen, Tuukka Petaja, Ekaterina Ezhova, Markku Kulmala
Summary: Boreal forests in the Northern Hemisphere have a complex interaction with the atmosphere, including a feedback process that may produce a cooling effect through increased cloud reflectance due to aerosol-cloud interactions. This study investigates the impact of the boreal forest environment on cloud-related properties during the growing season. Results show that air masses with longer exposure to the forest have different properties compared to those with shorter land transport times. The study also reveals changes in cloud condensation nuclei concentrations, specific humidity, and precipitation frequency after a certain threshold of land transport time.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jing Cai, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Cheng Wu, Yan Zheng, Feixue Zheng, Wei Du, Sophie L. Haslett, Qi Chen, Markku Kulmala, Claudia Mohr
Summary: The offline application of FIGAERO-CIMS provides a cost-efficient method to analyze the molecular composition of organic aerosols. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using Teflon and quartz fiber filter samples collected in urban Beijing, with high signal-to-noise ratios, repeatability, and linear signal response. It expands the molecular characterization of organic aerosols by FIGAERO-CIMS to situations where the instrument itself cannot be deployed.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Matti Kamarainen, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Markku Kulmala, Ivan Mammarella, Juha Aalto, Henriikka Vekuri, Annalea Lohila, Anna Lintunen
Summary: In this study, machine learning methods (RF and GB) were used to predict the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) in a pine-dominated boreal forest in southern Finland over 1996-2018. The results showed that both RF and GB were able to explain the temporal variability of NEE using meteorological predictors, but GB was more accurate.