Review
Geochemistry & Geophysics
John Worden, Sassan Saatchi, Michael Keller, A. Anthony Bloom, Junjie Liu, Nicholas Parazoo, Joshua B. Fisher, Kevin Bowman, John T. Reager, Kristen Fahy, David Schimel, Rong Fu, Sarah Worden, Yi Yin, Pierre Gentine, Alexandra G. Konings, Gregory R. Quetin, Mathew Williams, Helen Worden, Mingjie Shi, Armineh Barkhordarian
Summary: Observations from satellites show significant changes in the tropical biosphere over the past 20 years due to the combined effects of climate variability and land use. Deforestation has increased carbon emissions to the atmosphere, while tropical fire emissions have decreased. Studies also reveal significant regional variability in net biosphere exchange and gross primary productivity across the tropics, influenced by seasonal and interannual changes in water fluxes and storage.
REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS
(2021)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ryoichi Imasu, Tsuneo Matsunaga, Masakatsu Nakajima, Yukio Yoshida, Kei Shiomi, Isamu Morino, Naoko Saitoh, Yosuke Niwa, Yu Someya, Yu Oishi, Makiko Hashimoto, Hibiki Noda, Kouki Hikosaka, Osamu Uchino, Shamil Maksyutov, Hiroshi Takagi, Haruma Ishida, Takashi Y. Nakajima, Teruyuki Nakajima, Chong Shi
Summary: GOSAT-2, the successor of GOSAT, has improved sensors and can provide higher quality and quantity of greenhouse gas observations. The introduction of an intelligent pointing mechanism improves the accuracy of CO2 emissions estimation by avoiding cloud cover.
PROGRESS IN EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dmitry A. Belikov, Naoko Saitoh, Prabir K. Patra, Naveen Chandra
Summary: The study investigated methane variability over India and surrounding oceans using thermal infrared band observations. It found distinct seasonal variations in methane concentrations, with significant influence from local emissions and global monsoon circulations. The research highlights the importance of improving upper troposphere and lower stratosphere profile shapes for better understanding methane cycling in the Earth's environment.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lev D. Labzovskii, Samuel Takele Kenea, Hannakaisa Lindqvist, Jinwon Kim, Shanlan Li, Young-Hwa Byun, Tae-Young Goo
Summary: The study demonstrates that TCCON observation data can effectively capture global CO2 growth, with global AGRTCCON being robust and similar to satellite data and surface-based estimates, but showing weaker consistency with reference values in certain years due to the influence of El Nino events.
Article
Environmental Sciences
A. Kuze, Y. Nakamura, T. Oda, J. Yoshida, N. Kikuchi, F. Kataoka, H. Suto, K. Shiomi
Summary: This study examines the potential of using new partial-column density retrievals to estimate CO2 emissions in megacities and explores the relationship between concentration enhancement and inverse simulated wind speed as an indicator of surface emissions.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kashif Mahmud, Russell L. Scott, Joel A. Biederman, Marcy E. Litvak, Thomas Kolb, Tilden P. Meyers, Praveena Krishnan, Vladislav Bastrikov, Natasha MacBean
Summary: By using a Bayesian data assimilation system and in situ dryland CO2 flux data, this study optimized the parameters of the ORCHIDEE TBM and found that calibration for dryland ecosystems is necessary for accurately simulating their vegetation and biogeochemical processes in order to understand their contributions to global carbon cycle variability and long-term carbon-climate feedbacks.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Katherine Power, Zhengyao Lu, Qiong Zhang
Summary: Installing a large-scale solar farm in the Sahara desert can meet the world's current electricity needs, but it may have unintended consequences on the global carbon cycle. Using a fully coupled Earth System model, researchers found that the solar farm would enhance the carbon sink in Northern Africa but weaken it in the Amazon basin. These changes are caused by competing responses in primary production and respiration rates, driven by changes in climate.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Timothy Eglinton, Valier V. Galy, Jordon D. Hemingway, Xiaojuan Feng, Hongyan Bao, Thomas M. Blattmann, Angela F. Dickens, Hannah Gies, Liviu Giosan, Negar Haghipour, Pengfei Hou, Maarten Lupker, Cameron P. McIntyre, Daniel B. Montlucon, Bernhard Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Camilo Ponton, Enno Schefuss, Melissa S. Schwab, Britta M. Voss, Lukas Wacker, Ying Wu, Meixun Zhao
Summary: Terrestrial vegetation and soils hold significantly more carbon than the atmosphere. Human activities impacting these reserves may exacerbate climate change uncertainties, particularly in extrapolating point-source observations to ecosystem-scale budgets. The turnover of organic carbon in river basins is influenced by mean annual temperature and precipitation, with implications for soil organic carbon vulnerability on a global scale. The scaling of riverine biospheric-carbon ages with soil OC turnover reveals the potential for constraints on carbon dynamics across broad spatial scales.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mirco Migliavacca, Talie Musavi, Miguel D. Mahecha, Jacob A. Nelson, Juergen Knauer, Dennis D. Baldocchi, Oscar Perez-Priego, Rune Christiansen, Jonas Peters, Karen Anderson, Michael Bahn, T. Andrew Black, Peter D. Blanken, Damien Bonal, Nina Buchmann, Silvia Caldararu, Arnaud Carrara, Nuno Carvalhais, Alessandro Cescatti, Jiquan Chen, Jamie Cleverly, Edoardo Cremonese, Ankur R. Desai, Tarek S. El-Madany, Martha M. Farella, Marcos Fernandez-Martinez, Gianluca Filippa, Matthias Forkel, Marta Galvagno, Ulisse Gomarasca, Christopher M. Gough, Mathias Goeckede, Andreas Ibrom, Hiroki Ikawa, Ivan A. Janssens, Martin Jung, Jens Kattge, Trevor F. Keenan, Alexander Knohl, Hideki Kobayashi, Guido Kraemer, Beverly E. Law, Michael J. Liddell, Xuanlong Ma, Ivan Mammarella, David Martini, Craig Macfarlane, Giorgio Matteucci, Leonardo Montagnani, Daniel E. Pabon-Moreno, Cinzia Panigada, Dario Papale, Elise Pendall, Josep Penuelas, Richard P. Phillips, Peter B. Reich, Micol Rossini, Eyal Rotenberg, Russell L. Scott, Clement Stahl, Ulrich Weber, Georg Wohlfahrt, Sebastian Wolf, Ian J. Wright, Dan Yakir, Soenke Zaehle, Markus Reichstein
Summary: The leaf economics spectrum and the global spectrum of plant forms and functions revealed fundamental axes of variation in plant traits, representing different ecological strategies shaped by the evolutionary development of plant species. Ecosystem functions depend on environmental conditions and the traits of species within ecological communities. However, the axes of variation of ecosystem functions are largely unknown, limiting our understanding of ecosystem responses to anthropogenic drivers and environmental changes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xing Li, Jingfeng Xiao
Summary: The study using TROPOMI data shows that satellite-observed SIF can serve as a proxy for GPP across various vegetation types with similar slopes. This provides a better understanding of the relationship between SIF and GPP, and enables global mapping of GPP using SIF observations.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lucas Hardouin, Christine Delire, Bertrand Decharme, David M. Lawrence, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Victor Brovkin, Nathan Collier, Rosie Fisher, Forrest M. Hoffman, Charles D. Koven, Roland Seferian, Tobias Stacke
Summary: Global estimates of the land carbon sink based on terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) often fail to consider the uncertainties introduced by the atmospheric forcing datasets used to drive these models. This study demonstrates that the atmospheric forcing plays a dominant role in the uncertainties of global gross primary productivity (GPP) and autotrophic respiration, but has a smaller impact on net primary productivity and heterotrophic respiration. Furthermore, the importance of forcing uncertainty varies significantly between global and regional scales, with regional differences in model flux estimates partially offsetting each other globally.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Christian Seiler, Joe R. Melton, Vivek K. Arora, Stephen Sitch, Pierre Friedlingstein, Peter Anthoni, Daniel Goll, Atul K. Jain, Emilie Joetzjer, Sebastian Lienert, Danica Lombardozzi, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Hanqin Tian, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony P. Walker, Wenping Yuan, Soenke Zaehle
Summary: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of terrestrial biosphere models in reproducing the processes that drive the terrestrial carbon sink. While there is reasonable agreement between model output and reference data, improvements are still needed, such as reducing biases in leaf area index and improving the representation of processes governing soil organic carbon.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
S. Kou-Giesbrecht, V. K. Arora
Summary: This study compares terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) with and without nitrogen cycling in different future scenarios and finds that the influence of nitrogen cycling on CO2 fertilization and global change drivers is uncertain. In the historical period, nitrogen deposition and fertilization have stimulated terrestrial carbon sequestration, so a model without nitrogen cycling must exaggerate CO2 fertilization to compensate for these unrepresented processes and reproduce the historical carbon sink. However, in future scenarios, the model fails to realistically project the future carbon sink as the trajectories of CO2, nitrogen deposition, and fertilization diverge.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Rebecca M. Dzombak, Nathan D. Sheldon
Summary: Although continental weathering intensity has been considered as a key factor influencing biogeochemistry, tectonics, and the carbon cycle over geological history, its quantification remains inadequate. Paleosols, as a direct product of continental weathering, provide unique insights into past weathering intensity but have been underutilized in studying terrestrial weathering patterns over geological time. This study presents the largest terrestrial weathering record to date, encompassing 248 paleosol and weathering profiles spanning three billion years. The analysis of various weathering indices reveals consistent average terrestrial weathering intensity over time, contrary to previous assumptions. The stability of the continental weathering record suggests that it represents the baseline weathering level, with deviations occurring during periods of perturbation. The findings highlight the importance of subaerially-emerged continental areas in controlling erosion flux and nutrient transport to the oceans. Further efforts are needed to build a more comprehensive database of paleosol geochemistry to enable more nuanced analyses of terrestrial weathering over time.
Article
Environmental Sciences
S. Allahudheen, A. Bhuvana Chandra, Rabindra K. Nayak, V. K. Dadhwal, M. Krishnapriya, M. V. Lakshmaiah
Summary: A nested GEOS-Chem atmosphere transport model was used to study the variability of tropospheric CO2 over India and surrounding oceans during 2012-2020. The model was constrained by CO2 influxes from GEOS-Chem global simulations and surface fluxes of CO2 based on historical databases. Model simulations were evaluated using in situ measurements and satellite retrievals. Additional model runs were made to evaluate the role of different factors in controlling the seasonal oscillations of tropospheric CO2.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Renato K. Braghiere, Joshua B. Fisher, Kimberley R. Miner, Charles E. Miller, John R. Worden, David S. Schimel, Christian Frankenberg
Summary: Estimating the impacts of climate change on the global carbon cycle relies on projections from Earth system models (ESMs). The new generation of increased complexity ESMs in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report aims to improve future climate projections. In this study, CMIP5 and CMIP6 ensembles were benchmarked using ILAMB tool over the NASA Arctic-Boreal vulnerability experiment (ABoVE) region in North America, showing that CMIP6 has higher projected average net biome production (NBP) in 2100 compared to CMIP5, and better agreement with contemporary observed carbon cycle variables.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Jeffrey D. D. Wood, Lianhong Gu, Paul J. J. Hanson, Christian Frankenberg, Lawren Sack
Summary: Soil and atmospheric droughts pose increasing threats to plant survival and productivity worldwide. However, there are conceptual gaps that limit our ability to predict the impacts of drought on ecosystems under climate change. This study introduces the concept of the ecosystem wilting point (psi(EWP)), which integrates the drought response of a plant community across the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. The findings show that psi(EWP) serves as a threshold defining significant shifts in ecosystem functional state.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
Muhammad Osama Ishtiak, Orfeo Colebatch, Karine Le Bris, Paul J. Godin, Kimberly Strong
Summary: Perfluoroalkanes are fully fluorinated greenhouse gases with long atmospheric lifetimes. Despite regulation, their concentrations have continued to increase. This study provides spectral data for perfluoro-n-heptane and perfluoro-n-octane to calculate climate metrics. The results show agreement with literature values and reveal no significant temperature dependence.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
A. K. Thorpe, E. A. Kort, D. H. Cusworth, A. K. Ayasse, B. D. Bue, V Yadav, D. R. Thompson, C. Frankenberg, J. Herner, M. Falk, R. O. Green, C. E. Miller, R. M. Duren
Summary: In the summer of 2020, the AVIRIS-NG airborne imaging spectrometer conducted surveys in California's Southern San Joaquin Valley and the South Bay to identify and analyze anthropogenic methane emissions. The results showed a decrease in CH4 emissions from the energy and oil & natural gas sectors, with variations observed across different facilities and sectors. This study not only assessed the impact of COVID-19 on CH4 emissions but also highlighted the potential of remote sensing technology in quantifying emissions at a sector and facility level.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Y. Wang, R. K. Braghiere, M. Longo, A. J. Norton, P. Kohler, R. Doughty, Y. Yin, A. A. Bloom, C. Frankenberg
Summary: Recent progress in satellite observations has allowed us to monitor vegetation activity at a global scale. However, there is a challenge in using remotely sensed data to fully understand land surface models due to inconsistencies in simulated and observed quantities. To bridge this gap, we presented an overview of the next generation land model developed within the Climate Modeling Alliance (CliMA) that can simulate various vegetation indices and radiative transfer.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
T. Wizenberg, K. Strong, D. B. A. Jones, E. Lutsch, E. Mahieu, B. Franco, L. Clarisse
Summary: During August 17-22, 2017, significant increases in the total columns of CO, PAN, C2H4, CH3OH, and HCOOH were observed in the Canadian high Arctic, which were attributed to wildfires in British Columbia and the Northwest Territories of Canada. The emission factors of C2H4 and HCOOH were found to be higher than previous studies, indicating unusually high emissions from these fires. Simulations using the GEOS-Chem model showed that adjusting the injection heights significantly improved the agreement between model results and observations.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Bram Valkenborg, Gabrielle J. M. De Lannoy, Alexander Gruber, Diego G. Miralles, Philipp Koehler, Christian Frankenberg, Ankur R. Desai, Elyn Humphreys, Janina Klatt, Annalea Lohila, Mats B. Nilsson, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Michel Bechtold
Summary: This study investigates water-related vegetation stress in northern peatlands using satellite-observed Solar-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF). The results show that most locations experience both drought and waterlogging stress, while some regions only experience waterlogging or drought stress. The study finds that the minimal water-related vegetation stress occurs at a water table depth of -0.22 m (short-term) and -0.20 m (long-term).
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kelly Luis, Philipp Koehler, Christian Frankenberg, Michelle Gierach
Summary: This study explores the use of TROPOMI's red SIF for detecting Karenia brevis, comparing it with the standard remote sensing HAB indicator MODIS-Aqua. The results show that red SIF provides more spatiotemporal fluorescence information than nFLH and can be used for detection under cloudy conditions, which improves early warning systems for harmful algal blooms.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Yuan Wang, Junjie Liu, Paul O. Wennberg, Liyin He, Damien Bonal, Philipp Kohler, Christian Frankenberg, Stephen Sitch, Pierre Friedlingstein
Summary: Tropical forests have a crucial role in regulating the global carbon cycle, but their response to climate change is uncertain. A new study using spaceborne measurements of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) found that the dependence of tropical forest gross primary production (GPP) on climate variables is highly heterogeneous. Water-related factors such as vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil moisture influence GPP in African forests, while energy-related factors such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and surface temperature affect GPP in Southeast Asian forests. The current vegetation models may not accurately represent the complex interactions between carbon and water cycles in the tropics, making projections of future carbon dynamics less robust.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Shoma Yamanouchi, Stephanie Conway, Kimberly Strong, Orfeo Colebatch, Erik Lutsch, Sebastien Roche, Jeffrey Taylor, Cynthia H. Whaley, Aldona Wiacek
Summary: This study presents 19 years of atmospheric composition measurements obtained from the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory using FTIR technology. The data, including 14 different species, have been archived and made publicly available, highlighting the scientific significance of this research.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ivan Ortega, Benjamin Gaubert, James W. Hannigan, Guy Brasseur, Helen M. Worden, Thomas Blumenstock, Hao Fu, Frank Hase, Pascal Jeseck, Nicholas Jones, Cheng Liu, Emmanuel Mahieu, Isamu Morino, Isao Murata, Justus Notholt, Mathias Palm, Amelie Roehling, Yao Te, Kimberly Strong, Youwen Sun, Shoma Yamanouchi
Summary: This study quantifies the anomalies of tropospheric ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), acetylene (C2H2), formaldehyde (H2CO), and ethane (C2H6) during the global COVID-19 lockdown using ground-based Fourier-transform infrared spectrometers. The results show a decrease in tropospheric ozone and formaldehyde, as well as a mixed response in carbon monoxide depending on the location. The simulations reproduce these anomalies and suggest that natural variability plays a significant role.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Brendan Byrne, David F. Baker, Sourish Basu, Michael Bertolacci, Kevin W. Bowman, Dustin Carroll, Abhishek Chatterjee, Frederic Chevallier, Philippe Ciais, Noel Cressie, David Crisp, Sean Crowell, Feng Deng, Zhu Deng, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Manvendra K. Dubey, Sha Feng, Omaira E. Garcia, David W. T. Griffith, Benedikt Herkommer, Lei Hu, Andrew R. Jacobson, Rajesh Janardanan, Sujong Jeong, Matthew S. Johnson, Dylan B. A. Jones, Rigel Kivi, Junjie Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Shamil Maksyutov, John B. Miller, Scot M. Miller, Isamu Morino, Justus Notholt, Tomohiro Oda, Christopher W. O'Dell, Young-Suk Oh, Hirofumi Ohyama, Prabir K. Patra, Helene Peiro, Christof Petri, Sajeev Philip, David F. Pollard, Benjamin Poulter, Marine Remaud, Andrew Schuh, Mahesh K. Sha, Kei Shiomi, Kimberly Strong, Colm Sweeney, Yao Te, Hanqin Tian, Voltaire A. Velazco, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Thorsten Warneke, John R. Worden, Debra Wunch, Yuanzhi Yao, Jeongmin Yun, Andrew Zammit-Mangion, Ning Zeng
Summary: Accurate accounting of CO2 emissions and removals is crucial for emission reduction targets, and this study provides a pilot dataset of net carbon exchange and terrestrial carbon stock changes for different countries to inform carbon budgets. The estimates are based on top-down modeling outputs using OCO-2 data, combined with bottom-up estimates of fossil fuel emissions and lateral carbon fluxes. Increases in terrestrial carbon stocks are observed, particularly in the northern extra tropics, while the tropics show variable stock losses. The study discusses the current state and future developments of top-down monitoring and verification systems for tracking emissions and removals.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Nasrin Mostafavi Pak, Jacob K. Hedelius, Sebastien Roche, Liz Cunningham, Bianca Baier, Colm Sweeney, Coleen Roehl, Joshua Laughner, Geoffrey Toon, Paul Wennberg, Harrison Parker, Colin Arrowsmith, Joseph Mendonca, Pierre Fogal, Tyler Wizenberg, Beatriz Herrera, Kimberly Strong, Kaley A. Walker, Felix Vogel, Debra Wunch
Summary: EM27/SUN devices are portable solar-viewing Fourier transform spectrometers used widely for greenhouse gas measurements. In a 6-week-long campaign, the devices were taken to five TCCON stations to evaluate their performance and constrain site-to-site bias. New data products were developed using previous and current versions of the retrieval algorithm. The measurements remained consistent with each other, and biases were reduced in the newer version, except for CO measurements influenced by urban emissions.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nataniel Holtzman, Yujie Wang, Jeffrey D. Wood, Christian Frankenberg, Alexandra G. Konings
Summary: Vegetation water content is essential for transpiration, plant mortality, and wildfire risk. Microwave remote sensing can provide direct measurements of VWC, and high-temporal-resolution observations can improve the determination of ecosystem parameters and fluxes.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Cynthia Gerlein-Safdi, Philipp Koehler, Shujie Wang, Mark Flanner, Gretchen Keppel-Aleks, Christian Frankenberg
Summary: This study utilizes solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) data and a random walker algorithm to confirm the extent and timing of algae blooms on the Greenland ice sheet. The SIF-based maps are highly correlated with Sentinel-3 data.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2023)
