Journal
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
Volume 123, Issue 9, Pages 2711-2726Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2018JG004441
Keywords
bubbles; ecosystem metabolism; noble gases; ebullition; oxygen; salt marsh pond
Funding
- NSF [OCE 1238212, DEB 1354494, OCE 1233678]
- Northeast Climate Science Center [DOI G12-AC0000]
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Summer Student Fellowship program
- WHOI Coastal Ocean Institute
- National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship
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Accurate determination of air-water gas exchange fluxes is critically important for calculating ecosystem metabolism rates from dissolved oxygen in shallow aquatic environments. We present a unique data set of the noble gases neon, argon, krypton, and xenon in a salt marsh pond to demonstrate how the dissolved noble gases can be used to quantify gas transfer processes and evaluate gas exchange parameterizations in shallow, near-shore environments. These noble gases are sensitive to a variety of physical processes, including bubbling. We thus additionally use this data set to demonstrate how dissolved noble gases can be used to assess the contribution of bubbling from the sediments (ebullition) to gas fluxes. We find that while literature gas exchange parameterizations do well in modeling more soluble gases, ebullition must be accounted for in order to correctly calculate fluxes of the lighter noble gases. In particular, for neon and argon, the ebullition flux is larger than the differences in the diffusive gas exchange flux estimated by four different wind speed-based parameterizations for gas exchange. We present an application of noble gas derived ebullition rates to improve estimates of oxygen metabolic fluxes in this shallow pond environment. Up to 21% of daily net oxygen production by photosynthesis may be lost from the pond via ebullition during some periods of biologically and physically produced supersaturation. Ebullition could be an important flux of oxygen and other gases that is measurable with noble gases in other shallow aquatic environments.
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