Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Xincheng Liu, Yi Chen, Haitong Zhang, Yuhong Zou, Zhangye Wang, Qunsheng Peng
Summary: This paper introduces a new physically based algorithm to simulate dynamic avalanches, utilizing the Bingham plastic model and a two-way fluid-solid coupling model for accurate representation. Additionally, a mixed friction model is used to determine avalanche transitions, with an aerodynamics-based snow drag force model to enhance realism in avalanche scenes. By adjusting shear rate and friction parameters, different types of wet and dry avalanches can be realistically rendered.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
E. H. Peitzsch, E. Hood, J. R. Harley, D. K. Stahle, N. E. Kichas, G. J. Wolken
Summary: Snow avalanches are a natural hazard with severe impacts worldwide. By using dendrochronological techniques, this study analyzed the historical frequency of large magnitude avalanches in southeast Alaska and found significant predictors such as February and March precipitation and the Oceanic Nino Index. The results can be used to inform infrastructure planning and avalanche mitigation in urban areas.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Jiansheng Hao, Zhengtao Zhang, Lanhai Li
Summary: This study analyzed data from four snow seasons in the upper reaches of the Kunse River Valley in the central Tianshan Mountains to identify time intervals and triggering factors for various avalanche types. The results indicated that different types of avalanches predominantly occurred in different periods of the snow season.
Article
Engineering, Civil
M. L. Kyburz, B. Sovilla, J. Gaume, C. Ancey
Summary: Calculating the impact pressures exerted by avalanches on rigid structures has long been a challenging task. By using the Discrete Element Method to simulate the interaction between avalanches and obstacles, and studying the relationship between impact pressure and obstacle shape, size, and avalanche flow regime, we have developed an empirical equation for estimating impact pressure and validated it with experimental data.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Leighton M. Watson, Brad Carpenter, Kevin Thompson, Jeffrey B. Johnson
Summary: In this study, infrasound was used for snow avalanche monitoring along the Milford Road in Fiordland, New Zealand for the first time, demonstrating the utility of infrasound in maritime climates. The research successfully recorded avalanche activities of different sizes and accurately determined source locations through array processing. The study highlights the potential of infrasound as an efficient tool for avalanche monitoring in challenging alpine environments.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Christopher J. Mcdevitt, Xian-Zhu Tang
Summary: Benign termination of mega-ampere level runaway current has been successfully demonstrated and is considered a leading candidate for runaway mitigation on ITER. Parallel streaming loss along stochastic magnetic field lines, formed by global magnetohydrodynamic instabilities, combined with low-Z injection for impurity control, is effective in flushing out the runaway current. However, in an ITER-like reactor, the competing physics during the postflush reconstitution of runaway current play a significant role, with trapped runaways dominating the seeding for reconstitution and incomplete purge of high-Z impurities leading to a more efficient avalanche effect.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Olga Gorynina, Perry Bartelt
Summary: In this paper, the forces in hanging cables under the action of powder snow avalanches are studied using stress wave analysis. Powder avalanches pose a serious threat to mountainous regions, especially power transmission lines. The study solves a nonlinear system of three wave equations with appropriate boundary conditions to describe the stress and deformation in hanging cables. The model is validated numerically and suggests that hanging cables can be used as loading sensors to reconstruct powder cloud pressures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Kseniya Ivanova, Andrin Caviezel, Yves Buhler, Perry Bartelt
Summary: The study applies a mathematical model by Teshukov (2007) to simulate turbulent powder snow avalanches, accurately predicting the concentration of kinetic energy at the avalanche front and the formation of a stationary turbulent wake. The numerical solutions of the new model show good agreement with photogrammetric measurements at both the front and tail of the avalanches, providing important support for snow avalanche mitigation engineering.
COMPUTERS & FLUIDS
(2022)
Correction
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jana Brokesova, Andreas Niederquell, Martin Kuentz, Petr Zamostny, Barbora Vranikova, Zdenka Sklubalova
Summary: The aim of this work is to investigate the cohesive properties of powders in terms of surface energy. The relationship between cohesion, the energy to break an avalanche, and the surface energy heterogeneity was studied using mixtures of the drug meloxicam and excipients. A linear relationship was found between cohesion and energy to break an avalanche, as well as cohesion and specific surface area. The adhesion properties between the drug and excipients were also examined, with better adhesion observed for one excipient.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Amreek Singh, Vikas Juyal, Bhupinder Kumar, H. S. Gusain, M. S. Shekhar, Paramvir Singh, Sanjeev Kumar, H. S. Negi
Summary: The Karakoram mountains, known for their high peaks and long glaciers, face continuous avalanche threats due to unstable snowpack layers. Structural mitigation measures are difficult to implement in the steep and glaciated terrain, making preventive triggering of small avalanches a promising method. However, the installation and maintenance of necessary infrastructure pose challenges in effective avalanche hazard mitigation.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yu Zhuang, Natalie Piazza, Aiguo Xing, Marc Christen, Peter Bebi, Alessandra Bottero, Lukas Stoffel, Julia Glaus, Perry Bartelt
Summary: Snow avalanche-induced air-blasts can cause significant damage and casualties. Predicting their destructive properties is crucial for avalanche hazard mitigation. This study proposes a model that considers turbulent fluctuations to simulate the dynamics of air-blasts and presents a dataset of tree breakage induced by air-blasts. The proposed model and dataset can quantify the destructiveness of air-blasts and be used for avalanche hazard assessment.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiansheng Hao, Richard Mind'je, Yang Liu, Farong Huang, Hao Zhou, Lanhai Li
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics and hazards of different types of avalanches in the mid-altitude region of the Central Tianshan Mountains, using data collected over four snow seasons. Results showed that surface-layer dry snow avalanches had the highest avalanche hazard degree in the continental snow climate region, and the overall avalanche hazard exhibited a single peak pattern during the snow season, with the greatest hazard occurring in the second half of February.
JOURNAL OF ARID LAND
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
L. Dai, Y. R. Chan, G. Vastola, Y. W. Zhang
Summary: Through DEM simulations, a strong correlation was found between the static powder bed packing density and the avalanche flow. A wider powder size distribution and a higher fraction of non-spherical powders enhanced powder mobility, leading to earlier avalanches.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Markus Eckerstorfer, Hilde D. Oterhals, Karsten Mueller, Eirik Malnes, Jakob Grahn, Stian Langeland, Paul Velsand
Summary: Radar satellite-borne snow avalanche detection has become an important method for monitoring avalanche activity. This study evaluates the performance of automatic and manual avalanche detection in Sentinel-1 images using a dataset of field-based avalanche observations. The results show that both automatic and manual detection underperform compared to previous studies. A higher backscatter contrast is needed for detectability of avalanches in Sentinel-1 images.
COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
J. B. Johnson, J. F. Anderson, H. P. Marshall, S. Havens, L. M. Watson
Summary: This study investigated a triggered snow avalanche using infrasound arrays and time-synced video, finding that the most intense infrasound originated from a steep cliff band on the avalanche path. Certain portions of the avalanche flow were observed to be infrasonically quiet.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Barbara Turnbull, Elisabeth T. Bowman, Jim N. McElwaine
COMPTES RENDUS PHYSIQUE
(2015)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sara Abdul Majid, Michael F. Graw, Aspassia D. Chatziefthimiou, Hanh Nguyen, Renee Richer, Michel Louge, Ali A. Sultan, Patrick Schloss, Anthony G. Hay
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Junpeng Liu, Zaid A. Janjua, Martin Roe, Fang Xu, Barbara Turnbull, Kwing-So Choi, Xianghui Hou
Editorial Material
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
M. Y. Louge
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2016)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
A. Jackson, B. Turnbull
PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
(2017)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Matthew Kesseler, Valentin Heller, Barbara Turnbull
Article
Mechanics
Zaid A. Janjua, Barbara Turnbull, Stephen Hibberd, Kwing-So Choi
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Junpeng Liu, Jie Wang, Luca Mazzola, Halar Memon, Tamal Barman, Barbara Turnbull, Giuseppe Mingione, Kwing-So Choi, Xianghui Hou
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2018)
Editorial Material
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
T. Faug, B. Turnbull, P. Gauer
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Barbara Turnbull
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Matthew Kesseler, Valentin Heller, Barbara Turnbull
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
M. Y. Louge, A. Valance, J. Xu, A. Ould el-Moctar, P. Chasle
Summary: This study reports the profile and spatiotemporal variations of vapor mass fraction just below the surface of a mobile dune, using a new instrument to validate a non-linear model of vapor mass fraction. The study reveals the diffusion and advection mechanisms of vapor on desert sand dunes, and highlights the important role of wind in vapor transport.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Michel Y. Louge, Shilpa Sahoo
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zaid A. Janju, Barbara Turnbull, Kwang-Leong Choy, Christos Pandis, Junpeng Liu, Xianghui Hou, Kwing-So Choi
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2017)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Michel Y. Louge