Article
Environmental Sciences
Tian-liang Cheng, Yan-xia Pan, Yan Li, Xin-ping Wang
Summary: A multivariate linear model was established based on 36 plots of vegetation in the Alxa Plateau, northwestern China, to investigate the influence of spatial vegetation patterns on wind erosion. The results showed that vegetation morphology, density, regularity, and spacing had different impacts on the average and standard deviation of wind erosion, and spatial-related terms made significant contributions to the model variance.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Chunlai Zhang, Yixiao Yuan, Xueyong Zou, Hongtao Wang, Qing Li, Zhenting Wang, Rende Wang
Summary: This study investigated the aerodynamic characteristics of different land surface types in northern China and analyzed the effects of surface roughness elements on the airflow. The results showed that the roughness length, wind speed pulsation, turbulence intensity, and drag coefficient varied among different land surfaces. Furthermore, the shelter capability of flexible roughness elements increased with increasing wind speed, while that of rigid roughness elements decreased.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Antonios Tempelis, Leon Mishnaevsky Jr
Summary: This paper presents a computational model for predicting the roughness evolution of wind turbine blade surfaces. The model takes into account fatigue damage calculations and rain droplet impact simulations, and incorporates a novel method for calculating material roughness caused by multiple random liquid impacts. The model's accuracy was verified by comparing its output to measurements from a rain erosion tester.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
You Luo, Senlin Zhu, Fan Yang, Wenxiang Gao, Caiming Yan, Rencong Yan
Summary: The article introduces a new method for estimating the distribution of boundary shear stress based on the concept of standardized cross-sections and an assumption of equal local-region velocity. Comparisons with other methods prove its better prediction performance.
Article
Agronomy
Nancy P. Ziegler, Nicholas P. Webb, John A. Gillies, Brandon L. Edwards, George Nikolich, Justin W. Van Zee, Brad F. Cooper, Dawn M. Browning, Ericha M. Courtright, Sandra L. LeGrand
Summary: Accurate representation of surface roughness is important for predictive models of aeolian sediment transport and dust emission. However, the variability of surface shear velocity and shear stress ratio is poorly described. This study examines the spatiotemporal variability of shear stress ratio before, during, and after vegetation green-up in a shrub-invaded grassland. Results show that vegetation green-up leads to reduced soil surface shear velocity and shear stress ratio, and this should be considered in drag partition schemes to accurately predict seasonal aeolian sediment fluxes. Understanding the effects of vegetation phenological phases on drag partition can also provide insights for managing wind erosion.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Ratnesh K. Pandey, Ram Pratap Yadav, Tanuj Kumar, Ashish Kumar, Sachin Pathak, Shikha Awasthi, Udai B. Singh, Avinash C. Pandey
Summary: The morphological evolution and fractal characterizations of CaF2 thin-film surfaces modified by bombardment with 100 MeV Au+8 ions at various fluences were studied. The relationship between surface morphology and ion fluence was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) combined with line profile and two-dimensional power spectral density (2D-PSD) analysis. The surface erosion due to sputtering was described using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The dependency of structural characteristics on fluence was explored using glancing angle x-ray diffraction measurements.
Article
Mechanics
Yuan Lin, Ying Wang, Huaitao Qin, Dingyi Pan, Jiawang Chen
Summary: The study investigates the shear thinning behavior of non-colloidal suspensions with a focus on the effect of particle surface roughness. Two shear thinning phenomena are observed, with the first originating from particle-particle interaction and the second from polymeric solvent. Theoretical models are developed and experimental data support the findings, concluding the impact of roughness on rheological behavior.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chuanqi He, Ci-Jian Yang, Jens M. Turowski
Summary: The size of roughness elements affects the velocity changes of bedload particles upon impact. Optimal deflection length and velocity occur at intermediate values of the spacing of roughness elements. The likelihood for a bedload particle to leave the roughness zone decreases as the particle moves away from its edge.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yichun Ma, Yaojun Liu, Liang Tian, Yifan Yang, Yu Long, Ming Lei, Ziwei Zhang, Qi Li, Huade Zhu, Zhongwu Li
Summary: Water erosion is affected by rainfall pattern and soil surface roughness. However, there is insufficient understanding of their influences on erosion processes and mechanisms. By studying different rainfall patterns and soil surface conditions, it was found that the initial rainfall intensity is correlated with surface flow generation and sediment production. Soil surface roughness plays a significant role in promoting surface flow and sediment production, especially under lower rainfall intensity. Stream power was identified as the best hydraulic parameter for predicting soil loss rate when considering both rainfall pattern and soil surface roughness.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alicja K. Krella, Dominika E. Zakrzewska, Marta H. Buszko, Artur Marchewicz
Summary: The study on the resistance of S235JR steel to erosion processes revealed that mass loss increased with increasing erosion intensity. Different erosion tests showed that cavitation and slurry erosion had different effects on surface damage and hardness of the steel, with cavitation resulting in stronger strain hardening.
Article
Crystallography
Calvin Samuel, Arivarasu Moganraj, Sathya Swaroop, K. Praveenkumar, Arivazhagan Natarajan, Muktinutalapati Nageshwara Rao, Badirujjaman Syed, Basudev Bhattacharya
Summary: This study investigated the optimal combination of wavelength and laser pulse density to achieve maximum compressive residual stress in microalloyed steel. Laser shock peening without coating (LSPwC) was performed at fundamental (1064 nm) and second harmonic (532 nm) wavelengths, with varying pulse densities. Results showed that the fundamental wavelength (1064 nm) produced the most significant compressive residual stress, with a pulse density of 9 GW/cm(2). Optical and microhardness analyses confirmed plastic deformation and grain refinement in the subsurface regions of the samples treated at the fundamental wavelength. Additionally, the samples treated with the second harmonic wavelength (532 nm) exhibited indications of thermal softening and lower compressive residual stress.
Article
Geography, Physical
Xuyang Liu, Chunlai Zhang, Zhenting Wang, Xueyong Zou
Summary: We simplified Raupach's model using computational fluid dynamics to clarify the relationship between the parameter β (ratio of element to surface drag coefficients) and the roughness-element shape parameter σ. Our results showed a power law relationship, with β decreasing as σ increased. We confirmed this relationship through wind tunnel and field measurements, although the model has limitations regarding plant characteristics such as streamline and porosity. We also validated the proposed probability-density function for surface shear stress, which is crucial for accurate estimation of surface erosion by wind.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yu Li, Xuyi Zhang, Muni Li, Shan Yin, Zhi Zhang, Tong Zhang, Huan Meng, Jialian Gong, Weikang Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the influence of leaf traits of different tree species on particle resuspension and finds that wind speed, roughness, and stomatal density significantly affect the process.
URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
Akito Kono, Toshiya Okuro
Summary: This study investigated how spatial heterogeneity of vegetation influences saltation occurrence, and found that the spatial distribution of shrubs can affect the relationships among roughness, saltation flux, and vegetation cover. When vegetation is distributed heterogeneously, saltation flux increases, while in homogeneously distributed vegetation, even small cover can suppress saltation flux.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dake Chen, Jinhai Zheng, Chi Zhang, Dawei Guan, Yuan Li, Huiming Huang
Summary: This study investigates the incipient motion condition of cohesive sediment considering particle aggregation using fractal theory and van der Waals force. A formula for the critical shear stress for surface erosion of cohesive sediments composed of fractal aggregates is developed, and the contribution rate of aggregate weight to erosion threshold is quantified.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Huawei Pi, Nicholas P. Webb, David R. Huggins, Brenton Sharratt
Summary: Soil crusts play a crucial role in reducing wind erosion risk in agricultural fields, with a significant decrease in soil loss observed when crust cover exceeds 30%. The relationship between soil loss and crust cover was nearly linear, with variations in the rate of change among different soil types. The study highlights the importance of crust stability and abrasion flux in influencing wind erosion processes.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Sarah E. McCord, Nicholas P. Webb, Justin W. Van Zee, Sarah H. Burnett, Erica M. Christensen, Ericha M. Courtright, Christine M. Laney, Claire Lunch, Connie Maxwell, Jason W. Karl, Amalia Slaughter, Nelson G. Stauffer, Craig Tweedie
Summary: Ecological studies require quality data to understand ecosystem change, but the era of big data has increased the burden of ensuring data quality. Improving cultural awareness of data quality and establishing a data quality framework are crucial.
Editorial Material
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Maude Dinan, Emile Elias, Nicholas P. Webb, Greg Zwicke, Timothy S. Dye, Skye Aney, Michael Brady, Joel R. Brown, Robert R. Dobos, Dave DuBois, Brandon L. Edwards, Sierra Heimel, Nicholas Luke, Caitlin M. Rottler, Caitriana Steele
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
H. Pi, N. P. Webb, J. Lei, S. Li
Summary: This study assessed the long-term dust emissions and wind erosion risk in the agricultural community of the Junggar Basin in north Xinjiang, based on remote sensing data and meteorological records. The results showed a decrease in dust emissions and wind erosion risk over the past six decades, except for the southeast part of the basin which experienced an increasing wind erosion risk.
JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Huawei Pi, Nicholas P. Webb, David R. Huggins, Brenton Sharratt, Sisi Li
Summary: Agricultural land management strategies have a profound influence on soil properties and crop residue characteristics, but simulating soil loss remains challenging. This study tested the performance of SWEEP in simulating soil loss in the iPNW and found that tillage had a greater impact on soil properties and residue characteristics than other treatments. SWEEP performed well for crop rotation and fertilizer treatments, but over-estimated erosion for manure treatments.
LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Ecology
C. Pierre, P. Hiernaux, J. L. Rajot, L. Kergoat, N. P. Webb, A. Abdourhamane Toure, B. Marticorena, C. Bouet
Summary: The study shows that the environmental impact of land use and management practices, including wind erosion, must be assessed at the landscape scale to consider the variability in land cover and associated land management.
Article
Geography, Physical
Brandon L. Edwards, Nicholas P. Webb, Magda S. Galloza, Justin W. Van Zee, Ericha M. Courtright, Brad F. Cooper, Loretta J. Metz, Jeffrey E. Herrick, Gregory S. Okin, Michael C. Duniway, John Tatarko, Negussie H. Tedala, Daniel N. Moriasi, Beth A. Newingham, Frederick B. Pierson, David Toledo, R. Scott Van Pelt
Summary: Aeolian processes are crucial for arid and semi-arid ecosystems, but modeling approaches for assessing sediment transport rates are lacking. This study presents a wind erosion and dust emission model parameterized for rangelands and demonstrates its effectiveness in representing temporal variability and providing robust assessments for land health and predicting the impacts of land management activities.
Article
Geography, Physical
Mark Hennen, Adrian Chappell, Brandon L. Edwards, Akasha M. Faist, Tarek Kandakji, Matthew C. Baddock, Brandi Wheeler, Gayle Tyree, Ronald Treminio, Nicholas P. Webb
Summary: The magnitude and frequency of dust emissions are critical for land management. By calibrating dust emissions with MODIS data and optical satellite observations, it is found that dust emissions are concentrated in the biomes of the Great Plains and North American Deserts, and the dynamics of wind friction play a significant role in dust emissions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Huawei Pi, Nicholas P. Webb, David R. Huggins, Sisi Li
Summary: Secondary aggregates can mitigate wind erosion but may increase dust emissions due to abrasion. This study shows that the coverage and density of secondary aggregates have impacts on wind erosion, and aggregates with higher stability can reduce soil loss.
LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Alexandra Heller, Nicholas P. Webb, Brandon T. Bestelmeyer, Colby W. Brungard, Zoe M. Davidson
Summary: Ecological sites are a land classification system that represents potential vegetation states and their management needs for different soils and climates. In the Rio Grande del Norte National Monument, existing monitoring data was used to interpret landscape characteristics and develop ecological site and vegetation community concepts.
RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Sarah E. McCord, Joseph R. Brehm, Sarah H. Burnett, Chris Dietrich, Brandon Edwards, Loretta J. Metz, Mariano Hernandez Narvaez, Fred Pierson, Kelly S. Ramirez, Nelson G. Stauffer, Nicholas P. Webb, Craig E. Tweedie
Summary: This paper presents a framework for standardizing the calculation and measurement of agroecosystem indicators, aiming to improve the accuracy of assessments. The framework can be applied globally to datasets and provides flexibility for local or specific processes.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Abbas Miri, Nicholas P. Webb
Summary: In this study, the airflow field and turbulence patterns around a Tamarix tree were investigated. The results showed the formation of deceleration and acceleration zones downwind and on the sides of the tree, with higher turbulence intensity observed at lower heights and in the leeside. The findings have implications for Tamarix management and improvement of aeolian transport models.
Article
Geography, Physical
Mark Hennen, Adrian Chappell, Nicholas P. Webb
Summary: Observed atmospheric dust in North America has displayed significant variability over the past two decades, which correlates with changes in regional vegetation and wind speed patterns. Dust emission models have the potential to explain the relationship between these direct causes and changing dust emission. However, existing models that assume homogeneous land cover types and fixed vegetation classes over time do not adequately represent the changing aerodynamic roughness of different types of vegetation. To overcome these limitations, a new MODIS albedo-based dust emission model calibrated to satellite-observed dust emission point source data was used to explain changing dust emission from 2001 to 2020. By focusing on four regions in the southwestern USA, identified as the main dust emission sources, the study classified the controlling factors of wind speed and aerodynamic roughness that contribute to dust emission change. Results from the calibrated model show that dust emission is increasing or decreasing in different regions, at different times, and for different reasons, suggesting the absence of a secular change in observed atmospheric dust. This research highlights the potential of using a calibrated dust emission model that accounts for changing vegetation structure, configuration, and wind speeds to gain new insights into the factors controlling dust emission. Additionally, this approach shows promise for modeling historical and future dust emission responses using prognostic albedo in Earth System Modeling.
Article
Agronomy
Nancy P. Ziegler, Nicholas P. Webb, John A. Gillies, Brandon L. Edwards, George Nikolich, Justin W. Van Zee, Brad F. Cooper, Dawn M. Browning, Ericha M. Courtright, Sandra L. LeGrand
Summary: Accurate representation of surface roughness is important for predictive models of aeolian sediment transport and dust emission. However, the variability of surface shear velocity and shear stress ratio is poorly described. This study examines the spatiotemporal variability of shear stress ratio before, during, and after vegetation green-up in a shrub-invaded grassland. Results show that vegetation green-up leads to reduced soil surface shear velocity and shear stress ratio, and this should be considered in drag partition schemes to accurately predict seasonal aeolian sediment fluxes. Understanding the effects of vegetation phenological phases on drag partition can also provide insights for managing wind erosion.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Sandra L. LeGrand, Theodore W. Letcher, Gregory S. Okin, Nicholas P. Webb, Alex R. Gallagher, Saroj Dhital, Taylor S. Hodgdon, Nancy P. Ziegler, Michelle L. Michaels
Summary: Roughness features such as rocks, vegetation, and furrows significantly impact sediment transport in aeolian environments. Existing models often simplify the sheltering effects of these features, leading to inaccuracies in simulated particle mobilization. In this study, we propose a novel albedo-based sheltering parameterization to improve dust transport modeling in vegetated drylands.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)