Article
Environmental Sciences
Kelly L. Hondula, C. Nathan Jones, Margaret A. Palmer
Summary: Methane emissions from small freshwater ecosystems are a major uncertainty in the global methane budget. The study found that inundation extent and duration, as well as the direction of water level change, are major drivers of methane emissions in seasonally inundated forested wetlands. Modeling the hydrologic regime of these wetlands can lead to more accurate estimation of methane emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ankur R. Desai, Bailey A. Murphy, Susanne Wiesner, Jonathan Thom, Brian J. Butterworth, Nikaan Koupaei-Abyazani, Andi Muttaqin, Sreenath Paleri, Ammara Talib, Jess Turner, James Mineau, Aronne Merrelli, Paul Stoy, Ken Davis
Summary: Long-term eddy covariance flux tower observations provide valuable insights into the operation of the terrestrial carbon cycle at different timescales. In this study, we evaluated the variation in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) across a cluster of AmeriFlux core sites in the upper Great Lakes region from 1997 to 2020. The findings showed that decadal variability differed among sites, and respiration had a greater impact than photosynthesis on driving changes in NEE.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Sara H. Knox, Sheel Bansal, Gavin McNicol, Karina Schafer, Cove Sturtevant, Masahito Ueyama, Alex C. Valach, Dennis Baldocchi, Kyle Delwiche, Ankur R. Desai, Eugenie Euskirchen, Jinxun Liu, Annalea Lohila, Avni Malhotra, Lulie Melling, William Riley, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Jessica Turner, Rodrigo Vargas, Qing Zhu, Tuula Alto, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Mathias Goeckede, Joe R. Melton, Oliver Sonnentag, Timo Vesala, Eric Ward, Zhen Zhang, Sarah Feron, Zutao Ouyang, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Gil Bohrer, David Campbell, Jiquan Chen, Housen Chu, Higo J. Dalmagro, Jordan P. Goodrich, Pia Gottschalk, Takashi Hirano, Hiroki Iwata, Gerald Jurasinski, Minseok Kang, Franziska Koebsch, Ivan Mammarella, Mats B. Nilsson, Keisuke Ono, Matthias Peichl, Olli Peltola, Youngryel Ryu, Torsten Sachs, Ayaka Sakabe, Jed P. Sparks, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, George L. Vourlitis, Guan X. Wong, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Benjamin Poulter, Robert B. Jackson
Summary: This study presents the first multi-site synthesis of predictors of CH4 fluxes in freshwater wetlands across different time scales, utilizing various statistical methods. The dominant predictors of FCH4 were found to be soil and air temperature at the seasonal scale, while water table depth played a significant role in wetlands with smaller temperature variations. Additionally, atmospheric pressure was identified as an important predictor at the multiday scale, showing synchronous releases of CH4 with drops in pressure at peat-dominated sites.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xue-Ping Zhang, You-Quan Liu, Qiu-Hao Chang, Rong Zeng
Summary: Oil gas field brine in Sichuan Basin is a significant liquid mineral resource, and its development and utilization are of great importance to the national economy. This study investigated the physicochemical properties and phase diagrams of the ternary systems LiCl-LiBr-H2O and LiCl-LiBr-CH3OH, providing theoretical guidance for the comprehensive utilization of brine through experimental and simulation approaches.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jorge A. Villa, Yang Ju, Theresia Yazbeck, Sarah Waldo, Kelly C. Wrighton, Gil Bohrer
Summary: Measurements of methane fluxes in different ecohydrological patches within a temperate freshwater marsh revealed significant differences, with emissions being influenced by emergent vegetation. Diffusive and ebullitive fluxes varied among patches, with water levels impacting overall fluxes.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jonas Stage So, Kaj Sand-Jensen, Kenneth Thoro Martinsen, Emma Polauke, Johan Emil Kjaer, Kasper Reitzel, Theis Kragh
Summary: Lakes are important sources of CH4 and CO2 emissions, but the magnitude and drivers of these emissions are still uncertain due to high spatiotemporal variability. In this study, CH4 and CO2 fluxes were measured at high temporal and spatial resolution using automatic floating chambers equipped with continuous sensors. The results showed intense CH4 ebullition with pronounced spatiotemporal variation, while diffusive CH4 fluxes were lower and less variable. CO2 concentration in surface waters was consistently supersaturated, and diffusive fluxes tended to be higher from deeper waters and increased with wind speed. To accurately quantify whole-lake fluxes, a large number of automated floating chambers would be required. The use of automatic floating chambers provides continuous measurements at high temporal resolution, improving current approaches.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jessica A. Balerna, Andrew M. Kramer, Shawn M. Landry, Mark C. Rains, David B. Lewis
Summary: Wetlands provide essential ecosystem services and are sensitive to changes in wetland hydrology. The study in west-central Florida investigated the sources of variation in wetland inundation and found that water levels and hydroperiods were affected by factors such as precipitation, groundwater extraction, and land development. Water conservation policies led to an increase in wetland water depths and longer hydroperiods, but some wetlands did not show signs of hydrological recovery. The study highlights the importance of recognizing the sensitivity of wetland inundation to groundwater extraction during periods of low precipitation.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shams Forruque Ahmed, P. Senthil Kumar, Maliha Kabir, Fatema Tuz Zuhara, Aanushka Mehjabin, Nuzaba Tasannum, Anh Tuan Hoang, Zobaidul Kabir, M. Mofijur
Summary: Increasing human population, deforestation, and man-made climate change are negatively affecting freshwater ecosystems and species endangerment, leading to a decline in freshwater biodiversity. However, there is a lack of focus on this issue from conservation ecologists and policymakers, resulting in limited data and comprehensive reviews. Conservation and management strategies for freshwater biodiversity should be prioritized to address the current threats, such as engineered nanomaterials and climate change.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Fabio M. Delle Grazie, Laurence W. Gill
Summary: Wetlands are important ecosystems that provide various services, such as water purification and carbon storage. Regulatory services are the most important for inland wetlands. Although there has been a significant increase in research on wetland ecosystem services, further studies are needed to standardize quantification and valuation methods, and to focus on specific wetland types and geographical distribution.
Article
Agronomy
Jeremy Irvin, Sharon Zhou, Gavin McNicol, Fred Lu, Vincent Liu, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Zutao Ouyang, Sara Helen Knox, Antje Lucas-Moffat, Carlo Trotta, Dario Papale, Domenico Vitale, Ivan Mammarella, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Anand Avati, Dennis Baldocchi, Sheel Bansal, Gil Bohrer, David Campbell, Jiquan Chen, Housen Chu, Higo J. Dalmagro, Kyle B. Delwiche, Ankur R. Desai, Eugenie Euskirchen, Sarah Feron, Mathias Goeckede, Martin Heimann, Manuel Helbig, Carole Helfter, Kyle S. Hemes, Takashi Hirano, Hiroki Iwata, Gerald Jurasinski, Aram Kalhori, Andrew Kondrich, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Annalea Lohila, Avni Malhotra, Lutz Merbold, Bhaskar Mitra, Andrew Ng, Mats B. Nilsson, Asko Noormets, Matthias Peichl, A. Camilo Rey-Sanchez, Andrew D. Richardson, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Karina V. R. Schafer, Oliver Sonnentag, Ellen Stuart-Haentjens, Cove Sturtevant, Masahito Ueyama, Alex C. Valach, Rodrigo Vargas, George L. Vourlitis, Eric J. Ward, Guan Xhuan Wong, Donatella Zona, Ma Carmelita R. Alberto, David P. Billesbach, Gerardo Celis, Han Dolman, Thomas Friborg, Kathrin Fuchs, Sebastien Gogo, Mangaliso J. Gondwe, Jordan P. Goodrich, Pia Gottschalk, Lukas Hortnagl, Adrien Jacotot, Franziska Koebsch, Kuno Kasak, Regine Maier, Timothy H. Morin, Eiko Nemitz, Walter C. Oechel, Patricia Y. Oikawa, Keisuke Ono, Torsten Sachs, Ayaka Sakabe, Edward A. Schuur, Robert Shortt, Ryan C. Sullivan, Daphne J. Szutu, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Andrej Varlagin, Joeseph G. Verfaillie, Christian Wille, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Benjamin Poulter, Robert B. Jackson
Summary: Filling gaps in wetland methane fluxes is challenging due to high variability and complex responses to multiple drivers. This study systematically compares different gap-filling methods and proposes procedures for model training and evaluation. Decision tree algorithms showed the best performance in cross-validation experiments for predicting methane fluxes.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhan-Ping Qiao, Xin Chen, Qi-Chao Yang
Summary: Using an isothermal equilibrium method, the phase equilibrium of the ternary systems CsCl-CdCl2-H2O and CsBr-CdBr2-H2O were studied, and new solid phases were discovered. The experimental results show the potential practical application of the obtained cadmium-based halide perovskite.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chiara Pasut, Fiona H. M. Tang, David P. Hamilton, Federico Maggi
Summary: Australian ecosystems, particularly wetlands, are facing significant threats from climate change, land use, and human interventions. The study found that temperate wetlands in Australia have three times more N2O emissions than tropical wetlands. Nutrient fluxes in soil are mainly governed by plant uptake, while C fluxes depend strongly on hydroclimatic factors.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Liu Yang, Songhe Zhang, Xin Lv, Yuansi Liu, Shaozhuang Guo, Xiuren Hu, Benjamin Manirakiza
Summary: This study investigated the impacts of Vallis-neria natans senescence on methanotroph community and methane release in wetlands. The results showed that nutrient loadings increased methane fluxes, while healthy V. natans plants reduced methane flux. Environmental parameters and the physiological status of V. natans affected methanotrophs.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Jacob M. Dybiec, Nicholas P. Danz, Deric R. Learman, Donald G. Uzarski
Summary: This study found that dissolved oxygen and specific conductance were strong predictors of denitrification potential in wetlands, while correlations with plant community composition varied amongst vegetation types. Spatial variation in denitrification potential was most strongly correlated with plant community composition, both vertically through the soil column and horizontally across the marshes. The metric-based predictive model constructed from these relationships was highly predictive of denitrification potential, providing a more accessible method for estimating denitrification in wetlands and a framework for building similar models in other wetland systems.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Alison R. Biery, Daniel M. Knauss
Summary: This work presents a radical copolymerization method for diallyldimethylammonium hexafluorophosphate (DADMA(PF6)) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) with minimal solvent. The copolymerizations showed flexibility in monomer feed ratios and a slight preference for MMA incorporation over DADMA(PF6). The resulting water-insoluble copolymers had different properties depending on the monomer composition, with high MMA incorporation leading to greater flexibility and optical clarity in films.
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David Fowler, Peter Brimblecombe, John Burrows, Mathew R. Heal, Peringe Grennfelt, David S. Stevenson, Alan Jowett, Eiko Nemitz, Mhairi Coyle, Xuejun Liu, Yunhua Chang, Gary W. Fuller, Mark A. Sutton, Zbigniew Klimont, Mike H. Unsworth, Massimo Vieno
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ziyue Li, Yongliang Chen, Fanlei Meng, Qi Shao, Mathew R. Heal, Fengling Ren, Aohan Tang, Jiechen Wu, Xuejun Liu, Zhenling Cui, Wen Xu
Summary: This study conducted a life cycle assessment of peach production in Pinggu District, Beijing and found that fertilizer production, transportation, and application were the main driving factors of environmental impacts. Improved farming practices, such as reducing fertilizer application rates, can help reduce nitrogen losses and environmental impacts.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hannah L. Walker, Mathew R. Heal, Christine F. Braban, Sarah R. Leeson, Ivan Simmons, Matthew R. Jones, Richard Kift, Nicholas Marsden, Marsailidh M. Twigg
Summary: Accurate photolysis rate constants are crucial for simulating local air quality, but their values can vary greatly with changes in local meteorological and surface conditions. This study demonstrates the use of local radiometer measurements to adjust model estimates of j(NO2) and highlights the potential impact of local conditions on j-values, as well as differences between sites.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Juana Maria Delgado-Saborit, Shanon Lim, Alice Hickman, Chris Baker, Benjamin Barratt, Xiaoming Cai, Anna Font, Mathew R. Heal, Chun Lin, John E. Thornes, Michael Woods, David Green
Summary: Many railway station workers are exposed to harmful diesel exhaust, and factors such as station design, job role, and frequency of diesel trains contribute to the occupational exposure. Mitigation measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of occupational health impacts for workers with higher exposure levels.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Helen L. Macintyre, Christina Mitsakou, Massimo Vieno, Mathew R. Heal, Clare Heaviside, Karen S. Exley
Summary: Air pollution is the greatest environmental risk to public health. Future air pollution concentrations are primarily determined by precursor emissions, which are driven by environmental policies relating to climate and air pollution. Detailed health impact assessments (HIA) are necessary to provide quantitative estimates of the impacts of future air pollution to support decision-makers developing environmental policy and targets.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Helen L. Macintyre, Christina Mitsakou, Massimo Vieno, Mathew R. Heal, Clare Heaviside, Karen S. Exley
Summary: Exposure to ambient ozone (O3) is associated with impacts on human health, and the concentration of O3 is determined by emissions of precursor compounds such as NOx and VOCs. Future health burdens depend on climate and air quality policies. Simulating the future O3 concentrations in the UK indicates that emergency respiratory hospital admissions associated with short-term effects of O3 will increase by 4.2%, 4.5%, and 4.6% by 2030, 2040, and 2050, respectively. This increase is driven by reduced NO emissions and mainly occurs in areas with currently low O3 concentrations. While reducing emissions has overall benefits to population health, it may also result in local increases in O3 concentrations near population centers.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jiahui Kang, Jingxia Wang, Mathew R. Heal, Keith Goulding, Wim de Vries, Yuanhong Zhao, Sijie Feng, Xiuming Zhang, Baojing Gu, Xinsheng Niu, Hongyan Zhang, Xuejun Liu, Zhenling Cui, Fusuo Zhang, Wen Xu
Summary: Reducing cropland ammonia emissions, improving air quality, and ensuring food supply is a challenge in China. However, by implementing a tailored nitrogen management strategy in demonstration squares, it is possible to achieve ammonia reduction, improved air quality, and increased profitability for smallholder farmers.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yao Ge, Massimo Vieno, David S. Stevenson, Peter Wind, Mathew R. Heal
Summary: Reducing the emissions of NH3, NOx, and SOx can effectively decrease the concentrations of PM2.5, N-r, and S-r, and their impacts vary geographically. Reductions in NH3 emissions have co-benefits for NH4+ but result in increased SO2 concentrations. NOx emission reduction reduces NOx concentrations but increases fine NO3- concentrations. SOx emission reduction is slightly more effective in reducing SO2, but increases total NH3 deposition.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hannah L. Walker, Mathew R. Heal, Christine F. Braban, Lisa K. Whalley, Marsailidh M. Twigg
Summary: Photolysis rate constants play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry modelling. Adjusting modelled values using ratios of measured-to-modelled values of a reference photolysis can improve accuracy, but also introduces uncertainty. This study examines the clustering patterns of adjustment factors for different photolysis reactions and evaluates the uncertainties in using different reference values to adjust modelled results.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yao Ge, Massimo Vieno, David S. Stevenson, Peter Wind, Mathew R. Heal
Summary: This study used the EMEP MSC-W and WRF models to quantitatively analyze the concentrations, deposition, budgets, and lifetimes of atmospheric reactive nitrogen and sulfur species on a global and regional scale. The results showed that most continental regions are now ammonia-rich, and reducing NH3 emissions has limited effect on mitigating secondary inorganic aerosol. RDN is primarily composed of NH3, OXN is predominantly gaseous, and OXS is mainly composed of SO42-. Wet and dry deposition contribute similarly to the deposition of RDN, while wet deposition contributes slightly more to OXN and OXS deposition. The lifetimes of RDN, OXN, and OXS vary significantly across different regions. South Asia is the largest net exporter of RDN, while Africa is the largest net exporter of OXN.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fanlei Meng, Yibo Zhang, Jiahui Kang, Mathew R. Heal, Stefan Reis, Mengru Wang, Lei Liu, Kai Wang, Shaocai Yu, Pengfei Li, Jing Wei, Yong Hou, Ying Zhang, Xuejun Liu, Zhenling Cui, Wen Xu, Fusuo Zhang
Summary: The Chinese government proposed reducing ammonia emissions to mitigate PM2.5 pollution, while emphasizing the need for controlling acid gas emissions for better results. The study found that PM2.5 concentrations still exceeded the standard in some regions of China, especially on hazy days. Reductions in acid gas emissions effectively decreased sulfate concentrations, but had less impact on nitrate and ammonium concentrations. The effectiveness of ammonia emission reductions on controlling secondary inorganic aerosol concentrations was weaker compared to reductions in acid gas emissions.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yao Ge, Mathew R. Heal, David S. Stevenson, Peter Wind, Massimo Vieno
Summary: Atmospheric pollution has profound effects on human health, ecosystems, and climate, with a focus on reactive nitrogen species. Evaluation of a global atmospheric chemistry and transport model shows good spatial and seasonal agreement with major inorganic pollutants.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ernesto Reyes-Villegas, Upasana Panda, Eoghan Darbyshire, James M. Cash, Rutambhara Joshi, Ben Langford, Chiara F. Di Marco, Neil J. Mullinger, Mohammed S. Alam, Leigh R. Crilley, Daniel J. Rooney, W. Joe F. Acton, Will Drysdale, Eiko Nemitz, Michael Flynn, Aristeidis Voliotis, Gordon McFiggans, Hugh Coe, James Lee, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Mathew R. Heal, Sachin S. Gunthe, Tuhin K. Mandal, Bhola R. Gurjar, Shivani, Ranu Gadi, Siddhartha Singh, Vijay Soni, James D. Allan
Summary: The study conducted a multisite analysis of OA sources in Delhi, India, identifying traffic as the main source of PM1 pollution and suggesting traffic emission control as the most effective method to reduce pollution. Seasonal variations in atmospheric composition and concentrations were also examined in the study.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
James M. Cash, Ben Langford, Chiara Di Marco, Neil J. Mullinger, James Allan, Ernesto Reyes-Villegas, Ruthambara Joshi, Mathew R. Heal, W. Joe F. Acton, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Pawel K. Misztal, Will Drysdale, Tuhin K. Mandal, Shivani, Ranu Gadi, Bhola Ram Gurjar, Eiko Nemitz
Summary: This study presents real-time composition of submicron particulate matter inOld Delhi, showing the significant impact of various factors on PM1 levels, with organics and sulfate being the main contributors, emissions from burning activities playing a crucial role, and traffic and cooking emissions also playing a significant part.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Robbie Ramsay, Chiara F. Di Marco, Mathew R. Heal, Matthias Soergel, Paulo Artaxo, Meinrat O. Andreae, Eiko Nemitz
Summary: This study developed six model parameterisations for simulating NH3 surface exchange based on hourly measurements at a remote Amazon rainforest site. The model using cuticular resistance parameterisation based on leaf wetness measurements and a value of Gamma(s) = 50 was most accurate, while the model using RHz0' and the inferred value of Gamma(s) = 38.5 performed the worst. Current methods for determining Gamma(s) were found to have difficulties in the humid conditions of a rainforest site.
