Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rongqin Yu, Yasmina Molero, Paul Lichtenstein, Henrik Larsson, Lewis Prescott-Mayling, Louise M. Howard, Seena Fazel
Summary: This study developed new tools for assessing the risk of reoffending among individuals who have committed domestic violence. The prediction models, based on sociodemographic, criminological, and mental health factors, showed good discrimination and calibration for predicting violent reoffending and any reoffending. The study's findings have important implications for decision-making in criminal justice systems and the prevention and treatment of domestic violence.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuka Takahashi, Chikara Abe, Masaya Hane, Di Wu, Ken Kitajima, Chihiro Sato
Summary: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Changes in polysialylation of neural cell adhesion molecules have been found in the brains of patients with psychiatric disorders. This study investigates the effects of genetic (G) and environmental (E) factors on polysialylated NCAM expression using a schizophrenia mouse model and acute stress conditions. The study discovers differences in polysialylation and NCAM responses to stress in different brain regions, suggesting the vulnerability of the schizophrenia mouse model to stress.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Marion Bonneau, Shane T. O' Sullivan, Miguel A. Gonzalez-Lozano, Paul Baxter, Phillippe Gautier, Elena Marchisella, Neil R. Hardingham, Robert A. Chesters, Helen Torrance, David M. Howard, Maurits A. Jansen, Melanie McMillan, Yasmin Singh, Michel Didier, Frank Koopmans, Colin A. Semple, Andrew M. McIntosh, Hansjurgen Volkmer, Maarten Loos, Kevin Fox, Giles E. Hardingham, Anthony C. Vernon, David J. Porteous, August B. Smit, David J. Price, J. Kirsty Millar
Summary: The balanced t(1;11) translocation disrupting DISC1 is associated with schizophrenia and affective disorders. Studies on a mutant mouse model, Der1, revealed dysregulation in synaptic function and plasticity, impacting neurotransmission. Furthermore, alterations in pyramidal neurons and interneurons suggest vulnerability to common schizophrenia-associated genetic variants.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jiangming Sun, Yan Borne, Andreas Edsfeldt, Yunpeng Wang, Mengyu Pan, Olle Melander, Gunnar Engstrom, Isabel Goncalves
Summary: This study examines the prognostic and causal roles of mood disorders in strokes. The findings suggest that genetic susceptibilities for mood disorders are associated with increased risk of strokes, and mood disorders have a causal effect on stroke. This can help identify high-risk women early in life and prevent mood disorders and strokes.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Liat S. Kriegel, Stacey L. Barrenger, Benjamin F. Henwood
Summary: This study explores how formerly incarcerated individuals with serious mental illnesses navigate risks in public spaces and utilize them for reentry support. The findings highlight the dynamic and complex relationships between participants and public spaces, including parks, coffee shops, and libraries, where they create opportunities for solitude, socialization, and resource acquisition. The identified spaces often feature activities and routines, strong social infrastructure, and opportunities for solitude and reflection.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Miriam Schneider, Christian P. Mueller, Andrea K. Knies
Summary: The precise etiology of schizophrenia is not fully understood, but research indicates that a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors during vulnerable stages of brain maturation contributes to the disorder. Low income has been identified as an additional risk factor, along with stress, pre-and perinatal factors, and cannabis use. This narrative review explores the relationship between low income and schizophrenia risk, as well as the mediating role of established risk factors. It highlights the influence of low income on stress exposure and adds to the growing literature on the relationship between income and mental health.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Alia R. Warner, Stephen Glazier, Luca Lavagnino, Ana Ruiz, Sarah Hernandez, Scott D. Lane
Summary: This study examined the impact of an early intervention program for serious mental illness at a high-volume public psychiatric hospital on criminal justice involvement post-discharge. Results showed that participants in the extended service intervention program were less likely to be convicted of a crime and spent fewer days incarcerated after discharge. Several factors like length of stay, medication adherence, and patient characteristics may have contributed to these findings.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gabriel Cote-Corriveau, Gilles Paradis, Thuy Mai Luu, Aimina Ayoub, Marianne Bilodeau-Bertrand, Nathalie Auger
Summary: Preterm birth may have an impact on maternal mental health. This study found an association between preterm birth and the risk of maternal hospitalization for mental illness after pregnancy, with the highest risk around 34 weeks of gestation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joyce Bernardi, Kelly A. Aromolaran, Ademuyiwa S. Aromolaran
Summary: Neurological disorders are linked to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system activity, and inflammation predispose individuals to psychiatric disorders and cardiac dysfunction. Antipsychotic and antidepressant medications can increase the risk of adverse cardiac events by blocking critical cardiac repolarization genes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Zhichao Chen, Jing Wang, Ciriaco Carru, Stefania Sedda, Alessandra Matilde Nivoli, Zhi Li
Summary: The study found a correlation between mean platelet volume (MPV) and various types of mental disorders, with higher MPV values being significantly associated with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. The results suggest the important role of inflammatory response in the pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment of mental disorders.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Anne C. Krendl, Brea L. Perry
Summary: Substance dependence is a prevalent and urgent public health issue, with drug dependence being one of the most stigmatized health conditions. Stigma has serious negative consequences for individuals with substance use disorders, including limiting access to employment and housing, damaging relationships, and harming physical and mental health. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of SUD stigma and guide future research and translation efforts.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dmitry Troshev, Alyona Bannikova, Victor Blokhin, Anna Kolacheva, Tatiana Pronina, Michael Ugrumov
Summary: This study investigated the phenotype and functional significance of striatal neurons expressing dopamine-synthesizing enzymes. The results showed that these neurons are not dopaminergic and produce dopamine in cooperation with complementary enzymes. Additionally, the study revealed the delivery pathways of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopamine into the cerebrospinal fluid through striatal nerve fibers. The findings also indicated the fine regulation of these neurons through the expression of receptor genes for various signaling molecules. Overall, the study suggests that dopamine synthesis by striatal neurons may be a compensatory response in Parkinson's disease, providing prospects for novel therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiqin Chen, Canhong Wang, Qingqin He, Jian Feng, Deli Chen, Jianhe Wei, Yangyang Liu
Summary: Agarwood, a valuable medicinal herb and spice, has wide applications in daily chemistry, traditional medicine, religion, and literary collection. It contains sesquiterpenes and 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones, which have calming effects and can be used to soothe the body and mind, relieve anxiety, and treat insomnia and other mental disorders. This paper reviews the chemical composition of agarwood essential oils from different sources, explores the sedative and tranquilizing pharmacological activity and mechanism of action of agarwood essential oil (AEO), and analyzes the current problems and potential applications of AEO in the treatment of mental diseases.
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Xue-Lei Fu, Yan Qian, Xiao-Hong Jin, Hai-Rong Yu, Hua Wu, Lin Du, Hong-Lin Chen, Ya-Qin Shi
Summary: This study quantified the suicide rates among people with serious mental illness (bipolar disorder, major depression, or schizophrenia). The findings showed high suicide rates, especially among individuals with major depression. Male patients were found to have a higher risk of suicide compared to females. Poisoning was the most common method of suicide. The study highlights the need for increased psychological assessment and monitoring, as well as further research on regional and age differences in suicide among this population.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Health Care Sciences & Services
Victor J. Dzau, Mark B. McClellan, J. Michael McGinnis, Jessica C. Marx, Rebecca D. Sullenger, William ElLaissi
Summary: The National Academy of Medicine initiated a strategic initiative in 2016 to provide expert guidance on pressing health and health care priorities for the forthcoming new administration. The articles published address issues such as health costs, early childhood and maternal health, mental health and addiction, better health for older adults, and infectious disease threats, reflecting the current experience with the COVID-19 pandemic and health inequities.
