Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ehtasham Ahmad, Soo Lim, Roberta Lamptey, David R. Webb, Melanie J. Davies
Summary: Type 2 diabetes accounts for nearly 90% of global diabetes cases, with an increasing number of affected individuals, particularly among young people. Early detection and proactive management are crucial for preventing complications and reducing mortality. Technology and precision medicine offer potential improvements to treatment outcomes but face significant barriers.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ana Luiza Arruda, April Hartley, Georgia Katsoula, George Davey Smith, Andrew P. Morris, Eleftheria Zeggini
Summary: Multimorbidity is a growing public health challenge and understanding its genetic basis is crucial. This study focuses on the comorbidity between type 2 diabetes and osteoarthritis and identifies genetic correlation and association-signal colocalization between the two diseases. The integration of multi-omics and functional information reveals high-confidence effector genes and enrichment for lipid metabolism and skeletal formation pathways. Causal inference analysis shows complex effects of tissue-specific gene expression on comorbidity outcomes, providing insights into the biological basis of the disease co-occurrence.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Jacob D. Painter, Omid Akbari
Summary: ILC2s, the innate counterparts of Th2 cells, play a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by responding to external stimuli and controlling the inflammation balance in adipose tissue. Their effector function is associated with increased browning of adipose tissue and an anti-inflammatory immune profile, crucial for tissue homeostasis. The reaction of ILC2s to changes in the metabolic environment is a clear determinant of disease severity, providing a potential avenue for modulation of systemic homeostasis and treatment of T2DM.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Phung Lam Toi, Olivia Wu, Montarat Thavorncharoensap, Varalak Srinonprasert, Thunyarat Anothaisintawee, Ammarin Thakkinstian, Nguyen Khanh Phuong, Usa Chaikledkaew
Summary: In Vietnam, annual screening for T2DM at either CHS or DHC is cost-effective from both societal and payer perspectives. Screening annually at CHS starting from age 40 was associated with 0.40 QALYs gained while saving US$186.21 from a societal perspective. One-off screening was not cost-effective for individuals younger than 35 at both CHS and DHC.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mark Cucuzzella, Karen Riley, Diana Isaacs
Summary: Healthcare professionals in primary care need to be competent in safely adjusting diabetes medications as patients with Type 2 Diabetes change their diets. This review supports clinicians in applying knowledge of clinical evidence, basic science, and pharmacology to achieve safe practice, particularly when considering de-prescribing in the context of low carbohydrate diets. The goal is to bridge the gap between evidence and practical application in order to facilitate safe medication reduction in primary care settings.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Davide Piaggio, Georgy Namm, Paolo Melillo, Francesca Simonelli, Ernesto Iadanza, Leandro Pecchia
Summary: This study presents the early results of developing an Android app for testing the photopupillary reflex, aiming to address challenges in low-income countries with limited medical resources. The app showed promising results in evaluating brain traumas and conditions of critical care patients, potentially contributing to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 3 of the World Health Organization – Good health and well-being.
BIOCYBERNETICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria Palmqvist, Johan Von Schreeb, Andreas Alga
Summary: Globally, haemorrhage is a major cause of maternal and preventable trauma deaths. Autotransfusion is an established alternative to donor blood transfusions, but its basic application and research in low-resource settings are limited. There is a lack of scientific evidence on the use of basic autotransfusion in low-resource settings, and more research is needed to determine its safety and effectiveness.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Katarzyna Dziopa, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Jasmine Gratton, Nishi Chaturvedi, Amand F. Schmidt
Summary: This study aimed to compare the performance of risk prediction scores for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The Systemic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) CVD rule derived in the general population performed best for both CVD and a broader definition of CVD. Simple recalibration considerably improved the performance of the scores.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yan Zhao, Yuchan Zheng, Yixin Tian, Qian Yu, Lijun Qin, Kai Xu, Biao Sun, Christian Benedict, Baoyi Chen, Lijun Wei, Xiao Tan
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between objective sleep parameters and glycaemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that sleep duration, sleep midpoint, and their daily variability were associated with glucose control in these patients.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Susan Juray, Kathleen V. Axen, Steven E. Trasino
Summary: Very low-calorie diets (VLCD) can improve glycemic control and even achieve remission in adults with type 2 diabetes, challenging the conventional belief that T2D is a lifelong disease. However, most studies on VLCD focus on weight loss rather than T2D remission, leaving many gaps in knowledge on the efficacy and durability of VLCD for T2D remission.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yang Hu, Gang Liu, Edward Yu, Biqi Wang, Clemens Wittenbecher, JoAnn E. Manson, Eric B. Rimm, Liming Liang, Kathryn Rexrode, Walter C. Willett, Frank B. Hu, Qi Sun
Summary: This study aims to examine the association between post-diagnosis low-carbohydrate diet patterns and mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that adhering to low-carbohydrate diets that emphasize high-quality sources of macronutrients was significantly associated with lower overall, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hongmei Zhu, Siu-wai Leung
Summary: This study aims to select statistically significant microRNAs from controlled microRNA expression profiling studies in T2D, and conduct rigorous biological and statistical analysis to develop potential biomarkers for T2D.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jesus Rocca, Maria Calderon, Alberto La Rosa, Segundo Seclen, Oscar Castillo, Jaime Pajuelo, Hugo Arbanil, Felix Medina, Luis Garcia, Juan Abuid
Summary: The prevalence of T2DM in Peru is increasing due to economic growth and lifestyle changes, but there is scarce information on chronic complications. Implementing a healthcare plan based on early diagnosis is recommended to reduce social and economic problems.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Kornraphop Kawintiranon, Lisa Singh, Ceren Budak
Summary: The study finds that social media data contains a mixture of high and low-quality content. By analyzing Twitter data sets, the existence of context-specific spam is identified, and traditional machine learning models and a neural network model are compared for identifying spam. The neural network model outperforms traditional models with an F1 score of 0.91. The impact of data imbalance is also investigated, with findings showing that a simple Bag-of-Words model performs best under extreme imbalance, while a neural model fine-tuned using language models from other domains improves the F1 score significantly.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chantal Mathieu, Iraj Ahmadzai
Summary: This review examines the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists, specifically in type 1 diabetes, and concludes that they can lower weight and required insulin doses. However, their effects on glucose control and hypoglycemia vary depending on study protocols. Side effects include gastrointestinal complaints. The potential use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in other forms of diabetes is briefly discussed, but current evidence is limited.
