Journal
ONCOIMMUNOLOGY
Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
LANDES BIOSCIENCE
DOI: 10.4161/onci.27871
Keywords
androgen receptor; CCL2; epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; prostate cancer; STAT3
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High levels of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) promote the metastatic dissemination of prostate cancer by recruiting macrophages to neoplastic lesions. We have recently discovered that inhibiting the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer cells or tumor-infiltrating macrophages results in the upregulation CCL2 and promotes disease progression by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and by favoring the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Our results indicate that the sole inhibition of AR as a therapeutic intervention against prostate cancer is intrinsically destined to failed.
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