Article
Psychiatry
Eya-Mist Rodgaard, Kristian Jensen, Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak, Laurent Mottron
Summary: Most comorbidities were significantly associated with birth year and sex, with female/male odds ratios up to 67% higher than in the non-autism population. All comorbidity rates were significantly associated with the age at the first autism diagnosis, being a stronger predictor than sex and birth year for 8 conditions.
ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pilar Santidrian Tomillo
Summary: Sea turtles have temperature-dependent sex determination, and increasing global temperature may lead to population feminization. The primary sex ratios (PSR) of sea turtle hatchlings are naturally female-biased, but male turtles reproduce more often than females, resulting in a more balanced operational sex ratio. By defining population-advantageous primary sex ratios and population equilibrium temperature, the influence of rising temperatures on populations can be better assessed.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sherry Du, Rosalind L. Murray
Summary: De-icing road salt, necessary for safety in temperate freshwater systems, is found to be an emerging pollutant that may increase salt-tolerant mosquito populations and disease transmission in urban areas. This study found that road salt masculinizes the emergence sex ratios of mosquitoes and increases the proportion of males, potentially decreasing female mosquito success and reducing disease transmission in cities.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
H. Patrick Roberts, Lisabeth L. Willey, Michael T. Jones, Thomas S. B. Akre, David I. King, John Kleopfer, Donald J. Brown, Scott W. Buchanan, Houston C. Chandler, Phillip deMaynadier, Melissa Winters, Lori Erb, Katharine D. Gipe, Glenn Johnson, Kathryn Lauer, Eric B. Liebgold, Jonathan D. Mays, Jessica R. Meck, Joshua Megyesy, Joel L. Mota, Nathan H. Nazdrowicz, Kevin J. Oxenrider, Molly Parren, Tami S. Ransom, Lindsay Rohrbaugh, Scott Smith, Derek Yorks, Brian Zarate
Summary: Climate change and land-use change have diverse impacts on biodiversity decline, especially affecting population persistence through demographic parameters. This study examines the influence of environmental factors on the adult sex ratio of the spotted turtle, which is a freshwater species with temperature-dependent sex determination, across a large geographic range. The findings suggest a potential skewing of the sex ratio in response to recent climate change, with increased proportions of females in warmer areas and more biased towards males in cooler areas. Landscape structure, such as the amount of crop cover and spatial aggregation of wetlands, also influences sex ratios. These findings provide insights into the complex interactions between climate change, land use, and population demographics in wildlife.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Entomology
Dora Aguin-Pombo, Valentina G. Kuznetsova
Summary: This review article summarizes the current knowledge on true parthenogenesis, specifically thelytoky, in Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers), two major suborders of the diverse order Hemiptera. The article discusses various aspects such as distribution patterns, ecology, mating behavior, acoustic communication, and the cytogenetic and genetic diversity of parthenoforms. The authors also highlight instances of skewed sex ratios in natural populations and discuss the potential influence of endosymbiotic bacteria on reproductive strategies.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ali Youness, Charles-Henry Miquel, Jean-Charles Guery
Summary: Women are more susceptible to autoimmune diseases, not only due to sex hormones, but also because of X-linked genetic factors. X chromosome inactivation in female mammals results in cellular mosaicism and escape of some X-linked genes from inactivation, impacting the functional plasticity of female immune cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jecca R. Steinberg, Brandon E. Turner, Brannon T. Weeks, Christopher J. Magnani, Bonnie O. Wong, Fatima Rodriguez, Lynn M. Yee, Mark R. Cullen
Summary: This study found that sex differences in clinical trials varied by disease category, with male and female participants underrepresented in different medical fields. Although progress has been made in sex equity, the persistence of sex bias in clinical trials within medical fields has negative consequences for the health of all individuals.
Article
Education & Educational Research
James Nuzzo
Summary: The discussion on female participation in ESS research needs to consider volunteer bias, as gender differences may lead to different willingness to participate in research, while also being influenced by disease prevalence and physical activity participation.
Article
Ecology
Susumu Chiba, Aya Iwamoto, Seina Shimabukuro, Hiroyuki Matsumoto, Karin Inoue
Summary: Adult sex ratio (ASR) is crucial for population management, but its impact on population dynamics is still not well understood. This study investigated the effect of biased ASR on reproductive success in a decapod crustacean. The results showed that an increase in the proportion of males in mating groups led to a decrease in the number of eggs carried by females. This negative effect of ASR was observed at the population level when considering spawning success. Additionally, a male-biased ASR was found to reduce genetic diversity in the population. These findings highlight the importance of considering ASR in population management strategies.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Demography
Martin Kolk, Karim Jebari
Summary: Modern fertility techniques have made sex selection possible, and in high-income countries, selecting female children is becoming more prevalent. This study examines the demographic consequences of a female-biased sex ratio on population growth and cultural norms.
POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Vina Y. Chhaya, C. Chase Binion, Shanen M. Mulles, Paige A. Tannhauser, Daniel Z. Aziz, James D. Greenwood, Mark H. Barlek, Jessica R. Rouan, Thomas G. Wyatt, Melina R. Kibbe
Summary: This study aims to explore whether female enrollment in clinical trials published in high-impact journals from 2015 to 2019 is correlated with the gender of first and/or senior authors. The results show that more females were enrolled when both first and senior authors were female. However, the proportion of female enrollment decreased when the first and senior authors were male. Additionally, female enrollment was influenced by factors such as funding source, phase, trial type, and geographic location.
ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Demography
Wanru Xiong
Summary: This study proposes a self-corrective mechanism to explain the dynamics of sex ratios in China's regions, which involves internal migration redistributing men and women and a competitive marriage market. The results from prefecture-level data from 1982 to 2010 show that there is a weak correlation between sex ratios at birth and subsequent sex ratios at marriageable ages, and the birth sex ratio is negatively correlated with the contemporary sex ratio. These findings support the implications of the self-corrective mechanism.
POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Andras Liker, Veronika Bokony, Ivett Pipoly, Jean-Francois Lemaitre, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Tamas Szekely, Robert P. Freckleton
Summary: The evolution of sexual size dimorphism is influenced by adult sex ratio, as an increase in male bias leads to greater male deviation from the average size. This relationship is not solely explained by differences in mortality rates between the sexes, but may be a result of selection pressures favoring larger size in the rarer sex.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gabrielle E. Sanfilippo, Joseph J. Riedy, Douglas L. Larson, Kim T. Scribner
Summary: Assessing population sex ratios is crucial for understanding recruitment dynamics and genetic diversity loss in low-abundance populations subject to demographic stochasticity. This study genetically determined the sex of age-0 lake sturgeon and found limited effects of artificial rearing environments on differential sex-specific survival, providing important data for sturgeon restoration efforts.
JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jenni E. Pettay, Virpi Lummaa, Robert Lynch, John Loehr
Summary: This study analyzed how sex ratios are linked to marriages, reproductive histories, dispersal, and urbanization through a natural experiment during World War II. In female-dominated environments, young childless women tended to migrate towards urban centers with more job opportunities for women, and away from male-biased rural areas. Despite constraints on reproduction, women showed limited flexibility in mate choice.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
