Review
Clinical Neurology
Yuli Felistia, Patrick Y. Wen
Summary: Although molecular profiling has been useful in the diagnosis and classification of gliomas, targeted therapies still face challenges due to factors such as the blood-brain barrier and tumor heterogeneity. However, progress has been made with the development of specific inhibitors for certain genetic mutations in gliomas.
CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Guoqiang Sun, Dawei Rong, Zhouxiao Li, Guangshun Sun, Fan Wu, Xiao Li, Hongyong Cao, Ye Cheng, Weiwei Tang, Yangbai Sun
Summary: Research on molecular targeted therapy of tumors is thriving, with novel targeted therapy drugs constantly emerging. Small molecule targeted compounds can be administered orally, do not elicit immune response, and are cost-effective, making them a hot topic in tumor treatment research.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hongdan He, Xiaoni Shao, Yanan Li, Ribu Gihu, Haochen Xie, Junfu Zhou, Hengxiu Yan
Summary: This review summarizes the common signaling pathways in malignant tumors and the research progress related to them, including the Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Notch, and NF-kB pathways, as well as the important role of miRNAs. It also briefly introduces the anti-tumor molecular drugs targeting these signaling pathways.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Bo Lin, Xu Dong, Qiujiao Wang, Wei Li, Mingyue Zhu, Mengsen Li
Summary: AFP plays a crucial role in the growth, metastasis, and drug resistance of HCC, and inhibiting AFP with AIFs is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. AIFs combined with drugs can destroy cancer cells, activate immune cells, relieve immunosuppression, and enhance chemotherapy effects. The combination of immunotherapy and targeted chemotherapy is expected to improve cancer treatment outcomes in the future.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Gan You, Xing Fan, Huimin Hu, Tao Jiang, Clark C. Chen
Summary: Malignant gliomas are highly heterogeneous brain tumors with recent advances in research; fusions involving oncogenes may serve as new therapeutic targets; understanding how gene fusions regulate oncogenesis and malignant progression provides new avenues for personalized treatment.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Matthew B. Watowich, Mark R. Gilbert, Mioara Larion
Summary: Despite advancements in understanding tumor biology, malignant gliomas in the central nervous system (CNS) remain incurable. T cell exhaustion, characterized by reduced effector function, sustained expression of inhibitory receptors, metabolic dysfunction, and epigenetic alterations, contributes to the failure of immunotherapy in CNS cancers. This article highlights recent progress in identifying the drivers of T cell exhaustion in glioma microenvironment and potential strategies to reverse this immune suppressive phenotype. Directly targeting immunosuppressive drivers in brain cancers would be a significant advancement in immunotherapy.
Review
Cell Biology
Bozena Kaminska, Natalia Ochocka, Pawel Segit
Summary: Single-cell technologies play a crucial role in studying the functional diversity of immune cells in malignant gliomas, allowing precise definition of functional phenotypes under different genetic alterations, which is essential for designing effective immunotherapies. These technologies also identify key cell subpopulations and signaling pathways that influence tumor progression, patient survival, and susceptibility to immunotherapy, paving the way for rational design of oncoimmunotherapeutics.
Review
Oncology
Carlo Sorrentino, Emma Di Carlo
Summary: Recent studies have emphasized the importance of molecular targeted therapies in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. These therapies aim to block specific molecules and related pathways in cancer cells or their microenvironment to inhibit their growth and spread while minimizing harm to healthy tissues. The review discusses the characteristics, efficacy, and limitations of these therapies, some of which are already approved for clinical use, while others are still in clinical trials or pre-clinical development. It also explores future research perspectives, including combining traditional drugs and using nanomedicine for selective release at the tumor site, to improve tolerability and efficacy.
Review
Oncology
Tao Jiang, Do-Hyun Nam, Zvi Ram, Wai-Sang Poon, Jiguang Wang, Damdindorj Boldbaatar, Ying Mao, Wenbin Ma, Qing Mao, Yongping You, Chuanlu Jiang, Xuejun Yang, Chunsheng Kang, Xiaoguang Qiu, Wenbin Li, Shaowu Li, Ling Chen, Xuejun Li, Zhixiong Liu, Weimin Wang, Hongmin Bai, Yu Yao, Shouwei Li, Anhua Wu, Ke Sai, Guilin Li, Kun Yao, Xinting Wei, Xianzhi Liu, Zhiwen Zhang, Yiwu Dai, Shengqing Lv, Liang Wang, Zhixiong Lin, Jun Dong, Guozheng Xu, Xiaodong Ma, Wei Zhang, Chuanbao Zhang, Baoshi Chen, Gan You, Yongzhi Wang, Yinyan Wang, Zhaoshi Bao, Pei Yang, Xing Fan, Xing Liu, Zheng Zhao, Zheng Wang, Yiming Li, Zhiliang Wang, Guanzhang Li, Shengyu Fang, Lianwang Li, Yanwei Liu, Shuai Liu, Xia Shan, Yuqing Liu, Ruichao Chai, Huimin Hu, Jing Chen, Wei Yan, Jinquan Cai, Hongjun Wang, Lingchao Chen, Yuan Yang, Yu Wang, Lei Han, Qixue Wang
Summary: The joint guideline committee of Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group, Society for Neuro-Oncology of China, and Chinese Brain Cancer Association has updated the clinical practice guideline to provide recommendations for the diagnosis and management of diffuse gliomas. The guidelines focus on molecular and pathological diagnostics, as well as main treatment modalities including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Additionally, the guidelines integrate results from clinical trials of immune therapies and target therapies as future directions.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Leonardo Delello Di Filippo, Suzana Goncalves de Carvalho, Jonatas Lobato Duarte, Marcela Tavares Luiz, Jessyca Aparecida Paes Dutra, Geanne Aparecida de Paula, Marlus Chorilli, Joao Conde
Summary: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor, accounting for approximately 60% of cases of gliomas. However, the treatment of GBM is challenging due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the delivery of therapeutic drugs to the brain parenchyma. Nanocarriers with nanometric size and surface modifications show promise in improving the bioavailability and targeting of chemotherapeutic drugs to GBM cells. This review provides an overview of the most frequently overexpressed receptors in GBM cells and potential strategies for chemotherapeutic delivery and active targeting using nanocarriers.
MATERIALS TODAY BIO
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Arun Kumar Singh, Rajendra Awasthi, Rishabha Malviya
Summary: Chemotherapy is the most effective technique for treating cancer, but it comes with high risk of side effects. To avoid unintended consequences and negative effects, many nanomedicines have been developed. Microrobots are gaining attention as a solution to achieve targeted drug delivery and overcome challenges. Different types of microrobots, such as moving bacteria, microengines powered by bubbles, and hybrid spermbots, offer complex features for precise targeting of various cancers.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Katharina Wang, Joakim Crona, Felix Beuschlein, Ashley B. Grossman, Karel Pacak, Svenja Noelting
Summary: Molecular targeted therapy plays an important role in the treatment of metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Some therapies are already in use with promising results, while others are still under evaluation in clinical trials. The development of molecular targeted therapies is of great significance for future tumor treatment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Roger Borges, Agatha Maria Pelosine, Ana Carolina Santos de Souza, Joel Machado Jr, Giselle Zenker Justo, Lionel Fernel Gamarra, Juliana Marchi
Summary: The treatment of bone cancer involves tumor resection, bone reconstruction, and adjuvant treatments. Bioactive glasses have been used as drug carriers for bone regeneration. Different types of drugs can be delivered using techniques such as micro/nanoparticulation or mesoporous bioactive glass systems. Further research is needed on the combination of kinase inhibitors or antibody-conjugated drugs with bioactive glasses.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abygail G. Chapdelaine, Gongqin Sun
Summary: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of breast cancers characterized by their lack of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and the HER2 receptor. Developing targeted therapies for TNBC has been a major challenge due to its heterogeneity, and its treatment still largely relies on surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Accumulating evidence supports TNBCs as multi-driver cancers, and a strategy designed to generate mechanism-based combination targeted therapies for TNBC is discussed.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Bernd Kaina
Summary: This review discusses the mechanisms of genotoxic methylating agents in the therapy of malignant gliomas, including apoptosis, necroptosis, drug-induced senescence, and autophagy. It also explores the resistance mechanisms of glioblastoma to alkylating agents and alternative therapies for overcoming chemoresistance.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)