Article
Biology
Tylor R. Lewis, Sebastien Phan, Carson M. Castillo, Keun-Young Kim, Kelsey Coppenrath, William Thomas, Ying Hao, Nikolai P. Skiba, Marko E. Horb, Mark H. Ellisman, Vadim Y. Arshavsky, Audrey M. Bernstein
Summary: The initial steps of vision occur in stacked membrane structures called discs located within the outer segment compartment of photoreceptor cells. These discs become enclosed and form deep indentations known as incisures. Using electron microscopy and tomography, it was discovered that incisures only form after complete disc enclosure. The size of the incisures is determined by the ratio of peripherin-2 to rhodopsin, with a higher ratio resulting in larger and more complex incisures.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xiaotao Li, Fangfang Fan, Xuejing Chen, Juan Li, Li Ning, Kangguang Lin, Zan Chen, Zhenyun Qin, Albert S. Yeung, Xiaojian Li, Liping Wang, Kwok-Fai So
Summary: Real-time ocular responses are closely linked to emotional and cognitive processing in the central nervous system, serving as potential biomarkers for screening and evaluating cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Advances in artificial intelligence, particularly in using machine learning-based AI and computer vision with deep-learning neural networks, offer new opportunities for analyzing ocular features in cognitive neuroscience, potentially leading to novel evaluations and interventions for brain disorders.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Anhui Liang, Kexin Yu, Xiaolin Min, Jing Li, Jianyu Li, Xiaoling Zuo, Youli Yao
Summary: In this paper, we studied the coupling effect of seven cone fiber couplers using four-part cone models. This is the first study to explore the coupling effect of four layers of biological couplers in animals and other biological lives. Our simulation results showed that the coupling effect of the cone couplers is strongest in two wavelength regions, with most power transferring from the central cone to the surrounding cones. Additionally, we found that the splitting ratios of the central cones in the yellow-green wavelength range are greater than the sum of the splitting ratios of the surrounding cones. This research is important for understanding color preprocessing and the photopic luminous efficiency of the human eye.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Tama Kanematsu, Kowa Koida
Summary: This study examined the influence of the width of a center line and its flanking white contour on color appearance surrounded by chromatic backgrounds. The findings revealed that there was a difference in the optimal widths of the center line and contour for color shift. The study also indicated that the dominant factor for the color shift is neural rather than optical.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
John J. Smith, David M. Wright, Irene M. Stratton, Peter Henry Scanlon, Noemi Lois
Summary: The study evaluated the performance of existing prediction models in determining risk of progression to referable diabetic retinopathy in an Irish cohort of people with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that the models tested had acceptable performance in identifying those at risk of progression to RDR, which can help establish more personalized screening intervals for individuals with T2D.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Hannah Flach, Alexander Lenz, Sarah Pfeffer, Michael Kuhl, Susanne J. Kuhl
Summary: This study demonstrates that the herbicide glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) negatively affects the embryonic development of the South African clawed frog. GBH treatment leads to reduced body length and mobility, smaller eyes, brains and cranial cartilages, and abnormalities in cardiac development. GBH also affects the expression of marker genes in different tissues and developmental stages.
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yeon Jin Kim, Orin Packer, Andreas Pollreisz, Paul R. Martin, Ulrike Grunert, Dennis M. Dacey
Summary: The connectivity of visual processing in human, macaque monkey and marmoset retina was examined. The circuitry arising from S cones exhibited distinct features in each species. These findings imply that the early-stage chromatic signals are unique in the human retina and emphasize the necessity of understanding human connectome at the level of synaptic wiring for comprehending human color vision.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michihiko Aramaki, Xuefeng Wu, Hong Liu, Ye Liu, Young-Wook Cho, Mina Song, Yulong Fu, Lily Ng, Douglas Forrest
Summary: Cone photoreceptor diversity is crucial for color vision, but little is known about the control of diversity in these neurons. In this study, the researchers derived a Cre driver to isolate individual M and S opsin-enriched cones in mice and identified expression gradients for groups of genes. They found that thyroid hormone receptor ss 2 (TR ss 2) plays a role in controlling the expression of these genes and promoting cone diversity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Juan Ramos, Gustavo Ortiz-Diez
Summary: The study found that Xenopus laevis frogs prefer artificial plants over PVC pipes and clear spaces as enrichment elements, which contributes to their adaptation and welfare. When raising X. laevis frogs, priority should be given to providing artificial plants. The use of plants is beneficial for observing frogs and reducing detritus accumulation.
LABORATORY ANIMALS
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Dragos Rezeanu, Maureen Neitz, Jay Neitz
Summary: According to the opponent color theory, L vs. M midget retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are better suited for black-and-white sensations rather than color sensations. A computational model demonstrates how the cortex can separate the signals from these RGCs into distinct signals for black and white using unsupervised learning. It also explains why these same ganglion cells are unlikely to mediate our perception of red and green, and suggests a theoretical alternative involving a small population of midget RGCs with input from S, M, and L cones for hue perception.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Ayesha Karimi, Michael Taylor, Simon Taylor
Summary: A patient previously treated with radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma was discharged from otorhinolaryngology and oncology. After 10 years, the patient developed visual loss in one eye, diagnosed with radiation retinopathy. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing the impact of radiation near the eye on vision. Routine eye tests should be conducted in patients who have received radiotherapy near the orbit to promptly manage visual loss.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stefan Glasauer, Hans Straka
Summary: This study suggests that lower VOR gain values reflect an optimal adaptation to sensory and motor signal variability. Gaze stabilization mechanisms must consider the effects of sensory and motor noise and dynamic constraints of signal processing for minimizing overall retinal image slip.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yohey Ogawa, Joseph C. Corbo
Summary: This study identified subpopulations of green and red cones in zebrafish, which express specific opsins and cone phototransduction genes. Additionally, it was found that cone subtypes express distinct transcriptional regulators, enabling diversification of cone subtypes in teleosts. The partitioned gene expression among cone subtypes arose through whole-genome duplication or clade-specific gene duplications.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Alexandra A. de Sousa, Orlin S. Todorov, Michael J. Proulx
Summary: Researching the origin and loss of vision in naturally blind animal species can provide insights into the function of vision and the brain's role in visual experience. Models and experiments can help distinguish between visual ability and behaviors linked to vision, aiding the translation of animal research to human treatments. Exploring similarities between blind individuals and blind species can shed light on the natural history of vision loss and inspire innovations for addressing vision loss in humans.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Ming Yang, Kwok-Fai So, Wai-Ching Lam, Amy Cheuk Yin Lo
Summary: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetic retinal degenerative disease with more than 60 gene mutations. Recent studies have suggested a potential involvement of ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxidation, in the pathogenesis of RP. This finding may open up new avenues for research and novel therapeutic targets for RP.
Article
Biology
Kimberly A. Wong, Michael Trembley, Syafiq Abd Wahab, Andrea S. Viczian
Article
Developmental Biology
Zahra Motahari, Reyna I. Martinez-De Luna, Andrea S. Viczian, Michael E. Zuber
Meeting Abstract
Developmental Biology
Kelley L. Crouse, Meaghan McCarthy, Andrea S. Viczian, Matthew Theisen, Michael E. Zuber
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2009)
Meeting Abstract
Developmental Biology
Michael E. Zuber, Yung Lyou, Andrea S. Viczian
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2009)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea S. Viczian, Eduardo C. Solessio, Yung Lyou, Michael E. Zuber
Article
Developmental Biology
Kelley L. Ledford, Reyna I. Martinez-De Luna, Matthew A. Theisen, Karisa D. Rawlins, Andrea S. Viczian, Michael E. Zuber
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Developmental Biology
Reyna I. Martinez-De Luna, Ray Y. Ku, Alexandria M. Aruck, Francesca Santiago, Andrea S. Viczian, Diego San Mauro, Michael E. Zuber
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
AS Viczian, AG Bang, WA Harris, ME Zuber
DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS
(2006)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
AS Viczian, M Verardo, ME Zuber, BE Knox, DB Farber
Article
Developmental Biology
AS Viczian, R Vignali, ME Zuber, G Barsacchi, WA Harris
Article
Developmental Biology
M Perron, S Boy, MA Amato, A Viczian, K Koebernick, T Pieler, WA Harris
Article
Ophthalmology
Mark R. Verardo, Andrea Viczian, Natik Piri, Novrouz B. Akhmedov, Barry E. Knox, Debora B. Farber
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2009)
Article
Developmental Biology
ME Zuber, G Gestri, AS Viczian, G Barsacchi, WA Harris