Article
Pediatrics
Kristen H. Shanahan, Michael C. Monuteaux, Joshua Nagler, Richard G. Bachur
Summary: According to the recommendation of the American Academy of Pediatrics, routine use of bronchodilators for infants with bronchiolitis does not show significant effects. From 2010 to 2018, the use of bronchodilators, hospital admissions, and emergency department visits decreased, while ICU admissions and respiratory support increased.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Elena Villamanan, Carmen Sobrino, Carlos Carpio, Marta Moreno, Ana Arancon, Catalina Lara, Ester Perez, Carlos Jimenez, Ester Zamarron, Inmaculada Jimenez-Nacher, Alicia Herrero, Rodolfo Alvarez-Sala
Summary: In this study, the association between inhaled bronchodilator use and length of stay in hospitalized Covid-19 patients was evaluated. The results suggest that the use of inhaled bronchodilators is not significantly associated with patient improvement or reduced mortality in Covid-19 cases. More research is needed to fill the evidence gap for this new indication.
PULMONARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dave Singh, Simon Lea, Alexander G. Mathioudakis
Summary: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors can reduce inflammation, with inhaled PDE4 inhibitors showing potential for clinical benefits in the lungs. While orally administered PDE4 inhibitors can decrease exacerbation rates in COPD patients, systemic exposure may lead to adverse effects. Inhaled PDE inhibitors have shown positive findings in early phase clinical trials, but longer term trials are needed to confirm their clinical benefits.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Elisa Pasqua, Nicole Hamblin, Christine Edwards, Charles Baker-Glenn, Chris Hurley
Summary: Despite the devastating impact of many lung diseases on human health, there is still a significant unmet medical need in respiratory diseases, for which inhaled delivery represents a crucial strategy. When designing inhaled drugs, the medicinal chemist must carefully balance the physicochemical properties of the molecule to achieve optimal target engagement in the lung. Although the medicinal chemistry strategy is unique for each project, general guidelines aiding inhaled drug design can be applied.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2022)
Review
Respiratory System
Donald A. Mahler, David M. G. Halpin
Summary: Choosing the appropriate inhaler delivery system for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents a challenge due to the wide range of available inhaled medications and devices. Previous recommendations and algorithms have not provided a specific approach endorsed by COPD guidelines or professional organizations. This study proposes a strategy for healthcare professionals to consider patient factors and match the inhaler delivery system with the unique features of the medication when prescribing inhaler therapy for COPD patients.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Daniela Esposito, Daniel S. Olsson, Stefan Franzen, Mervete Miftaraj, Jonatan Natman, Soffia Gudbjornsdottir, Gudmundur Johannsson
Summary: This study suggests that the presence of diabetes in patients with acromegaly is associated with increased overall mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and morbidity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Andrew R. Yates, John T. Berger, Ron W. Reeder, Russell Banks, Peter M. Mourani, Robert A. Berg, Joseph A. Carcillo, Todd Carpenter, Mark W. Hall, Kathleen L. Meert, Patrick S. McQuillen, Murray M. Pollack, Anil Sapru, Daniel A. Notterman, Richard Holubkov, J. Michael Dean, David L. Wessel
Summary: This study characterizes the use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in pediatric cardiac patients and investigates the relationship between patient characteristics before iNO initiation and outcomes following cardiac surgery. The study found that pediatric patients who received iNO treatment for cardiac indications had a high mortality rate and significant morbidity. Right ventricular dysfunction was associated with mortality and the need for ventilator support, while pulmonary hypertension was not associated with these outcomes.
PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Christiana Tsirimiagkou, Kalliopi Karatzi, Antonios Argyris, Eirini D. Basdeki, Panagiota Kaloudi, Mary Yannakoulia, Athanase D. Protogerou
Summary: Recent studies suggest a J-shape or inverse relationship between dietary sodium intake and cardiovascular morbidity/mortality, rather than a linear one. Limitations in current research include less accurate assessment methods and inclusion of high-risk populations, but these do not explain all findings. Well-designed prospective randomized clinical trials in general populations are needed to address this issue effectively.
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Marc Miravitlles, Fernando Gonzalez-Torralba, Cristina Represas-Represas, Xavier Pomares, Eduardo Marquez-Martin, Cruz Gonzalez, Carlos Amado, Carles Forne, Soledad Alonso, Bernardino Alcazar, Miriam Barrecheguren, Juan Maria Jurado Mirete, Elsa Naval
Summary: The survey showed a significant variation among pulmonologists in the decision to prescribe or withdraw ICS. Exacerbations, blood eosinophils, history of asthma or pneumonia were the factors considered for ICS use or withdrawal according to guidelines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rui Pan, Akira Okada, Hayato Yamana, Hideo Yasunaga, Ryosuke Kumazawa, Hiroki Matsui, Kiyohide Fushimi, Yasushi Honda, Yoonhee Kim
Summary: This study found that exposure to non-optimal temperatures increases the risk of hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease, especially in the elderly. The risks of cold and heat on different cardiovascular diseases vary, providing new evidence for reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Gabriella Matera, Paola Rogliani, Giuseppe Novelli, Mario Cazzola
Summary: This narrative review discusses the possible impact of genetic variations on bronchodilator response. Studies have mainly focused on three SNPs in the ADRB2 gene, and other uncommon variants may also contribute to individual variability in salbutamol response. There is also evidence of a link between SNPs and ethnic/age profiles regarding bronchodilator response. However, replication of pharmacogenetic results is limited and often the observed response does not match the expected outcome based on SNP identification. Further research integrating multi-omics approaches and epigenetic factors is needed.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas, Laurence Bessueille, Laura Mechtouff, David Magne
Summary: Arteries calcify as they age, with a high vascular calcium score associated with high cardiovascular mortality risk. While the mechanisms of plaque calcification have been well characterized in mice, human plaques appear to calcify through different mechanisms that remain obscure.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kultigin Turkmen, Hakan Ozer, Mariusz Kusztal
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death for patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), a visceral fat depot of the heart, has been linked to coronary artery disease and is considered a novel cardiovascular risk factor, affecting morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Michele Vitacca, Mara Paneroni, Antonio Spanevello, Piero Ceriana, Bruno Balbi, Beatrice Salvi, Nicolino Ambrosino
Summary: This real-life study found that in-patient pulmonary rehabilitation provides significant benefits for individuals with COPD, regardless of whether they are using inhaled triple therapy (TT). However, individuals using TT reported greater improvements in exercise tolerance compared to those not using TT.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Md Mahsin, Jason Cabaj, Vineet Saini
Summary: The exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during a remote wildfire event in the Pacific Northwest has led to an increase in outpatient visits related to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Calgary, Canada. This increase was observed during and after the wildfire, particularly among children and individuals with pre-existing diabetes or hypertension.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)