Article
Allergy
Thomas J. A. Maguire, Stephanie Yung, Elena Ortiz-Zapater, O. Stephanie Kayode, Stephen Till, Chris Corrigan, Leonard Q. C. Siew, Gregory A. Knock, Grzegorz Woszczek
Summary: S1P plays an important role in regulating airway smooth muscle reactivity and hyperplasia, potentially serving as a novel therapeutic target for asthma and other lung diseases.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Dora (Jun Ping) Xiong, James G. Martin, Anne-Marie Lauzon
Summary: Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that varies in its presentation and severity. Airway smooth muscle is the major contributor to airway narrowing and asthma symptoms. Various factors can contribute to the dysfunction of airway smooth muscle. Methodological limitations in studying the airways have hindered our understanding of asthma mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
A. Shaiban, S. A. L. de Ridder, A. Curtis
Summary: Surface waves are seismic waves that propagate on the Earth's surface and their depth ranges depend on frequency. By estimating the dispersion characteristics of these waves, the velocity structure beneath the surface can be inferred. Researchers have developed an inversion scheme that utilizes the scalar wave equation to estimate surface wave dispersion and reconstruct the wavefield continuously.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Hao Rao, Yinhe Luo, Kaifeng Zhao, Yingjie Yang
Summary: The study introduces an alternative method called the two-station C-2 method, which uses a single station as a virtual source to retrieve surface wave phase velocities between asynchronous stations. Results show that this method can obtain reliable phase velocity measurements and can significantly improve ray path coverage and resolution in ambient noise tomography for areas between asynchronous seismic arrays.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Zijian Zeng, Mengxin Cheng, Meng Li, Tao Wang, Fuqiang Wen, Michael J. Sanderson, James Sneyd, Yongchun Shen, Jun Chen
Summary: BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse strains are commonly used as animal models for respiratory diseases. This study found that BALB/c mice have a stronger extent of small airway narrowing and faster Ca2+ oscillations in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells in response to agonists. These differences are associated with an increased store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) current, resulting in higher airway responsiveness in BALB/c mice compared to C57BL/6 mice.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
G. M. Donovan, P. B. Noble, D. Langton
Summary: This study demonstrates the feasibility and constraints of predicting patient-specific response to bronchial thermoplasty using a computational model informed by pretreatment CT scans. The predictions were compared with functional outcomes and posttreatment CT scans. This has the potential to form the basis for improved clinical practice.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Zongbo Xu, Ludovic Margerin, T. Dylan Mikesell
Summary: Seismic coda waves are commonly used for estimating subsurface Q values and monitoring subsurface changes. A Monte Carlo algorithm is proposed to model the multiple scattering process and better understand the interaction between body and surface waves, which leads to accurate energy evolution in space and time.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ning Li, Yuanxiong Cheng, Shiyong Wang, Hua Liao, Shengming Liu
Summary: The current medical treatment for asthma fails to effectively inhibit airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction and proliferation. This study explores the potential of a LIM domain kinase (LIMK) inhibitor, LIMKi3, to target ASM and improve understanding of its contraction and proliferation mechanisms.
ADVANCES IN MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Muqeet Wahid, Fatima Saqib, Anam Ali, Abdulrahman Alshammari, Metab Alharbi, Abdur Rauf, Mohammad S. Mubarak
Summary: This study aimed to determine the mechanisms responsible for calcium-mediated smooth muscle contractions in C. melo seeds. The results showed that C. melo seeds have a relaxant effect on smooth muscle by altering the regulatory genes of calcium-mediated smooth muscle contraction. Additionally, the study revealed the involvement of cytokine-mediated pathways and inflammatory responses in asthma-associated pathogenic genes.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Zongbo Xu, Ludovic Margerin, T. Dylan Mikesell
Summary: The study highlights the importance of the multiple scattering mechanism in coda waves for understanding subsurface Q values and monitoring subsurface changes. By using a Monte Carlo algorithm to simulate the interaction of these waves during multiple scattering, a more accurate physical modeling of the energy evolution of the waves can be achieved, improving the estimation of Q values and monitoring of coda wave changes.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Enjiang Wang, Jose M. Carcione, Jing Ba
Summary: This study investigates the surface-wave propagations at the interface between a fluid layer and a double-porosity medium with cracks. The Biot-Rayleigh model is generalized to include penny-shaped cracks, and the role of mesoscopic local fluid flow (LFF) is considered. Dispersion equations for surface waves are derived, and numerical iterations are used to obtain phase velocity and attenuation. Different cases are analyzed for zero and infinite thickness of the fluid layer. The study confirms the effects of LFF at low frequencies and the impact of boundary conditions at high frequencies. The crack density affects the level of attenuation, while the aspect ratio affects the location of the relaxation peak.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Chaoqiang Xi, Jianghai Xia, Binbin Mi, Tianyu Dai, Ya Liu, Ling Ning
Summary: Ambient noise surface wave methods are valuable for determining near-surface shear wave velocities in urban areas, with higher mode information being important for dispersion curve inversion. The frequency-Bessel transform method is effective for multimode surface wave extraction, but may be affected by 'crossed' artefacts at high frequencies. The proposed modified F-J transform method, using the Hankel function, improves the accuracy of Rayleigh wave multimode dispersion measurements by avoiding these artefacts.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jianbo Guan, Yu Li, Yingwei Yan, Zhi Yang, Guohua Liu
Summary: This study introduces a novel approach for linear array analysis of passive surface waves combined with the Mini-Sosie technique, called LAPSS. Through synthetic tests, the results show that LAPSS greatly improves the computational efficiency, has stronger generalizability, and depends on weaker assumptions.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
M. van Driel, J. Kemper, C. Boehm
Summary: A new approach is presented for solving the Poisson equation in the global seismic wave propagation in time domain, aiming to include the full gravitational response in spectral element solvers. By leveraging adaptive mesh refinement and high order shape mapping using Salvus meshing software, the number of additional elements needed is minimized. Initial conditions based on temporal extrapolation and a polynomial multigrid method reduce the number of iterations needed for convergence.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Yong Xu, Guoji Xu, Shihao Xue, Jinsheng Wang, Yongle Li
Summary: This study investigates the dynamic behavior of coastal low-lying bridges under extreme wave conditions using a three-dimensional finite element model. The results reveal that the failure modes of the bridge differ under different states, and the wave height to water depth ratio has a significant influence on the safety of the bridge. The evaluation indicates that appropriate countermeasures are necessary to improve the safety margin of the bridge.
Article
Physiology
David Langton, Peter B. Noble, Graham M. Donovan
Summary: Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is a treatment for moderate-to-severe asthma that can improve quality of life scores without significant changes in lung function. A study using CT scans found that after BT treatment, airways dilated by an average of 6.4%, with a greater response observed in more distal airways.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Physiology
Graham M. Donovan, Peter B. Noble
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Physiology
Graham M. Donovan, Peter B. Noble
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
G. M. Donovan, C. Brand
Summary: Tipping points are abrupt transitions in time-varying systems and early warning signals for these transitions are valuable indicators. In low-dimensional systems, indicators can be characterized based on the expected type of tipping points. In spatial systems, indicators that consider changes in spatial structure can provide stronger leading indicators. This study proposes the use of dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), a dimensionality reduction technique, to extract useful information about critical slowing down in spatial systems approaching tipping points.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Kimberley C. W. Wang, Graham M. Donovan, Sejal Saglani, Thais Mauad, Alan L. James, John G. Elliot, Peter B. Noble
Summary: This study investigates the thickening process of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer from fetal life to childhood, and reveals the underlying mechanisms of hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. The results show that ASM thickness more than doubles from late gestation to the first year of life due to ASM hypertrophy, and then grows proportionally to airway size through ASM hyperplasia until childhood. The composition of the ASM layer remains constant across age groups due to a proportional change in ECM.
Article
Physiology
Michael J. Hackmann, John G. Elliot, Francis H. Y. Green, Alvenia Cairncross, Barry Cense, Robert A. McLaughlin, David Langton, Alan L. James, Peter B. Noble, Graham M. Donovan
Summary: This paper investigates the feasibility of quantifying airway wall thickness using PS-OCT technology in vivo, and analyzes the constraints that airway size poses to imaging techniques as well as the impact of physiological processes on measurements through the application of a mathematical model and human biobank data.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Alan L. James, Graham M. Donovan, Francis H. Y. Green, Thais Mauad, Michael J. Abramson, Alvenia Cairncross, Peter B. Noble, John G. Elliot
Summary: The distribution of airway smooth muscle (ASM) remodeling in asthma varies widely within and between individuals, and is related to asthma severity. Despite the heterogeneous distribution, ASM remodeling is present in the majority of asthma cases, both in large and small airways. These findings emphasize the importance of patient-specific targeting of ASM remodeling in asthma treatment.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
G. M. Donovan, P. B. Noble, D. Langton
Summary: This study demonstrates the feasibility and constraints of predicting patient-specific response to bronchial thermoplasty using a computational model informed by pretreatment CT scans. The predictions were compared with functional outcomes and posttreatment CT scans. This has the potential to form the basis for improved clinical practice.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Graham M. M. Donovan, Kimberley C. W. Wang, John G. G. Elliot, Alan L. L. James, Peter B. B. Noble
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Peter B. Noble, Graham M. Donovan
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Aerospace
Fay Ghani, Irene Cheung, Anthony Phillips, Merryn Tawhai, Edward Ashworth
Summary: This systematic review examines the effects of microgravity on lung function in humans. The results indicate that there is no significant change in lung volume and capacity during long-duration spaceflight, and only slight or no changes during parabolic and short-duration spaceflight. Additionally, no consistent effects on lung shape in microgravity compared to normal Earth gravity were observed.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Mitchell I. Page, Ruanui Nicholson, Merryn H. Tawhai, Alys R. Clark, Haribalan Kumar
Summary: This study developed a statistical shape model (SSM) to enhance the accuracy and reliability of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) reconstruction of lung ventilation. However, using patient-specific structural information did not show conclusive improvement. This research bears significance in the field of ventilation monitoring using EIT.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biology
Graham M. Donovan
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Respiratory System
A. James, G. Donovan, P. Noble, A. Cairncross, F. Green, T. Mauad, M. Abramson, J. Elliot
Article
Physiology
A. K. Rampadarath, G. M. Donovan
Summary: The article reviews the use of mathematical modelling in airway and lung physiology, focusing on recent progress in patient-specific and multi-scale models in the past three years, while also placing these works in a broader historical context. It further discusses the interaction between modelling and experiment, and how this can advance the field in the future.
CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)