Article
Optics
Binqiang Ye, Luzhen Deng, Shanghai Jiang, Sijun Cao, Ruge Zhao, Peng Feng
Summary: In this study, we developed and validated two novel imaging geometries of benchtop multi-pinhole X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) systems using Geant4 Toolkit. One model used a fan beam source to illuminate a single slice of the object and a multi-pinhole collimator to image the X-ray fluorescence. The other model used a cone-beam X-ray source to scan the whole object and two multi-pinhole collimators to image the emissions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Payman Rafiepour, Sedigheh Sina, Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
Summary: Irradiation of foods and fruits using ionizing radiation is an effective method to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms on the surface. This study compared the dose distributions of low-energy X-rays and electrons in an apple, and calculated the DNA damages induced by secondary electrons in a bacterial cell model using a multiscale Monte Carlo simulation. The results showed that the yields of DNA breaks caused by X-rays and electrons were similar on a microscopic scale. On a macroscopic scale, a two-sided electron beam configuration combined with apple rotation provided uniform dose distribution on the surface up to a depth of 40 μm. For low-energy X-rays, apple rotation was not necessary when using a two-sided irradiation. Overall, X-rays were found to be superior to electrons for surface treatment of apples due to their lower dose uniformity ratios on the surface.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Masanori Hara, Tomoya Shimura, Kenjiro Aoki, Masao Matsuyama, Tsukasa Aso, Marco Roellig
Summary: Non-destructive methods are essential for measuring tritium in solids, as beta particles generated by tritium decay cannot usually escape from solids. The basis of beta-ray induced X-ray spectrometry (BIXS) of tritium lies in the detection of X-rays induced by beta particles in solids. Monte Carlo simulations are necessary for analyzing the tritium distribution in solid samples containing tritium.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Optics
Zhenyao Yan, Liang Li, Rui Qiu, Zhiqiang Chen
Summary: The paper introduces the application of chest X-ray fluoroscopy in medical imaging, proposes a method to enhance the contrast using X-ray fluorescence, and conducts Monte Carlo simulations to explore the effects of three enhancement schemes and their specific implementation methods.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
David Sarrut, Nicolas Arbor, Thomas Baudier, Damian Borys, Ane Etxebeste, Hermann Fuchs, Jan Gajewski, Loiec Grevillot, Sebastien Jan, George C. Kagadis, Han Gyu Kang, Assen Kirov, Olga Kochebina, Wojciech Krzemien, Antony Lomax, Panagiotis Papadimitroulas, Christian Pommranz, Emilie Roncali, Antoni Rucinski, Carla Winterhalter, Lydia Maigne
Summary: This paper reviews the ecosystem of GATE, an open-source Monte Carlo toolkit for medical physics. It describes the principal modules and key concepts of GATE, as well as the main source code repositories and the automated compilation and testing processes. The collaborative development of OpenGATE over the past 20 years is presented, along with the impact of GATE on medical physics and cancer research.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Masanori Hara, Yuya Fujimoto, Satoshi Akamaru, Tsukasa Aso, Marco Roellig
Summary: Beta-ray induced X-ray spectrometry (BIXS) can be used for both qualitative and quantitative measurement of tritium in solids, providing information about the tritium depth. However, the accuracy of the estimated tritium depth depends on the elements and the depth itself.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Pavel Novotny
Summary: This paper investigates the possibility of characterizing radioactive samples in detail using X-ray fluorescence analysis, as well as demonstrates the application of this measurement for improving the accuracy of beta spectra calculation in the MCNPX software package. The results show that high-resolution XRF 2D scanning can reduce uncertainties in Monte Carlo simulations.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Morad Kh. Hamad
Summary: In this study, Monte Carlo simulations of carbon ion beams in different materials were carried out using the GEANT4 toolkit. The results were compared with experimental data, showing a reasonable correlation. Different materials have varying effects on the Bragg peak position and curve depth dose, with bone contributing the most to the dose.
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Michael Iro, Dieter Ingerle, Sven Hampel, Ursula Fittschen, Vishal Dhamgaye, Oliver Fox, Christina Streli
Summary: Confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence analysis (CMXRF), using polycapillary optics, is a powerful technique for non-destructive investigation of elemental distribution in various research areas. To improve quantitative interpretation of CMXRF measurements, voxTrace introduces a Monte-Carlo ray-tracing approach that considers secondary excitation and scattering effects. Moreover, graphics processing units (GPU) with CUDA are used to overcome the computational challenges.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Benjamin Abraham Insley, Dirk Alan Bartkoski, Mohammad Reza Salehpour
Summary: This study developed a simple analytical model with reasonable accuracy to guide Monte Carlo users in estimating the appropriate depth-voxel size for thin-target x-ray tube simulations.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
K. V. Afanasiev, V. V. Gauzshtein, A. N. Sinyakov, R. V. Tsygankov
Summary: This study investigates the parasitic X-ray radiation of the backward wave oscillator SINUS-350. A model of the oscillator is created using the GEANT4 simulation toolkit to calculate the radiation dose and energy spectrum around the accelerator. The calculated results are compared with measurements from a 2-second accelerator operation. The obtained radiation doses at a distance of 1-2 m from the generator range from 10 to 300 μSv, significantly exceeding the maximum permissible dose of 1000 μSv per year. The energy spectrum of the X-rays is also calculated, with the majority falling within the range of 50-350 keV.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Khuong Le Nguyen, Hoa Thi Trinh, Thanh T. Nguyen, Hoang D. Nguyen
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive and rigorous process for developing an appropriate machine learning model to predict the shear strength of RC deep beams. The process includes the development of ML models, selection of input features, optimization of the training process, assessment of data randomness, comparison to conventional practice codes, and development of a web-based design platform.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kun Zhu, Chun Wu, Xiaoyu Peng, Xuantao Ji, Siyuan Luo, Yuchen Liu, Xiaodong Wang
Summary: This study uses Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the impact of DNA damage scoring parameters on DNA damage, and accurately predicts the yield of different types of DNA damage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
R. Figueroa, F. Geser, J. Lopez-Correa, F. Malano, M. Valente
Summary: The traditional X-ray tube design has limitations in optimizing high incident fluence spatial concentration, while a novel X-ray tube design is capable of producing a convergent X-ray beam, improving overall performance and spatial resolution for applications like X-ray fluorescence imaging. This study suggests the feasibility of the proposed design for achieving high fluence concentration, particularly useful for applications such as tumor targeting by X-ray fluorescence imaging with high atomic number nanoparticle infusion.
APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Halmat Jalal Hassan, Suhairul Hashim, Noor Zati Hani Abu Hanifah, Muhammad Fahmi Rizal Abdul Hadi, Mohamad Syazwan Mohd Sanusi, David Andrew Bradley, Rafael Garcia Tenorio, Rozman Mohd Tahar
Summary: The study examined commercially available negative ion clothing using gamma-ray spectroscopy and Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations, finding that these clothing items contain naturally occurring radioactive material. The highest activity was observed in item code S05, while the lowest was in item code S07. Samples also showed varying concentrations of radioactive elements, potentially leading to an annual effective dose exceeding public dose limits.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Weihua Liu, Yuan Mei, Barbara Etschmann, Matthew Glenn, Colin M. MacRae, Sam C. Spinks, Chris G. Ryan, Joel Brugger, David J. Paterson
Summary: The incorporation mechanisms of germanium in sphalerite have been investigated through experiments and molecular simulations. It is found that germanium can be incorporated into sphalerite through charge balance or coupled substitution with other metal ions. This study provides insights into the formation and extraction processes of germanium in zinc ores.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Thomas A. A. Leatham, David M. M. Paganin, Kaye S. S. Morgan
Summary: Emerging methods of x-ray imaging that capture phase and dark-field effects provide complementary sensitivity to conventional radiography. In this study, we propose a method for extracting x-ray phase and dark-field signals from bright-field images using only a coherent x-ray source and a detector. Our algorithm, based on the Fokker-Planck equation, shows successful retrieval of both the projected thickness and the dark-field signal associated with the sample. Experimental and simulated datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, suggesting its potential in biomedical imaging, industrial settings, and other non-invasive imaging applications.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Dousatsu Sakata, Ryoichi Hirayama, Wook-Geun Shin, Mauro Belli, Maria A. Tabocchini, Robert D. Stewart, Oleg Belov, Mario A. Bernal, Marie-Claude Bordage, Jeremy M. C. Brown, Milos Dordevic, Dimitris Emfietzoglou, Ziad Francis, Susanna Guatelli, Taku Inaniwa, Vladimir Ivanchenko, Mathieu Karamitros, Ioanna Kyriakou, Nathanael Lampe, Zhuxin Li, Sylvain Meylan, Claire Michelet, Petteri Nieminen, Yann Perrot, Ivan Petrovic, Jose Ramos-Mendez, Aleksandra Ristic-Fira, Giovanni Santin, Jan Schuemann, Hoang N. Tran, Carmen Villagrasa, Sebastien Incerti
Summary: The purpose of this study was to predict DNA rejoining kinetics and cell surviving fraction in a Chinese hamster V79 cell line using the Geant4-DNA radiobiological application. By optimizing the model parameters, the study successfully predicted both DNA rejoining kinetics at low LET and cell surviving fraction.
PHYSICA MEDICA-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Imam Purwadi, Lachlan W. Casey, Chris G. Ryan, Peter D. Erskine, Antony van der Ent
Summary: A new universal independent data analysis pipeline based on Dynamic Analysis has been developed for processing X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) data of herbarium specimens. The pipeline is more accurate and robust than the built-in instrument algorithms and empirical calibrations, capable of correcting complex X-ray interactions and identifying and quantifying elements that are not detected by the device algorithms.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Benedicta D. Arhatari, Andrew W. Stevenson, Darren Thompson, Adam Walsh, Tom Fiala, Gary Ruben, Nader Afshar, Sinem Ozbilgen, Tingting Feng, Stephen Mudie, Prithi Tissa
Summary: The Micro-Computed Tomography (MCT) beamline, the first one in the BRIGHT project, has been constructed at the Australian Synchrotron to provide higher spatial resolution imaging for smaller samples compared to the existing Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL). This beamline operates with an X-ray energy range from 8 to 40 keV using a bending magnet as the source. It offers various imaging modes including phase-contrast modalities and conventional absorption contrast, leveraging the unique properties of synchrotron radiation sources. The progress and imaging results of the MCT project in delivering high-spatial-resolution imaging will be presented in the paper.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Optics
Mario A. Beltran, David M. Paganin, Michelle K. Croughan, Kaye S. Morgan
Summary: Complementary to conventional and phase x-ray radiography, dark-field imaging has become central in visualizing diffusive scattering signals that come from spatially unresolved texture within an object. In this work, a simple method of x-ray diffusive dark-field retrieval is presented, applicable to any single-mask imaging setup, with only one exposure of the sample. The method is based on a model of geometric and diffusive reverse-flow conservation, which is implicit and noniterative, providing high-quality reconstructions that are stable in the presence of noise. This method holds potential for high-speed imaging and/or imaging with low-flux sources.
Correction
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Jeremy M. C. Brown
APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
R. N. Valani, D. M. Paganin
Summary: The state of classical point-particle systems can be described by the position and momentum of each particle. For non-pointlike particles, an additional coordinate is needed to specify the internal state of each particle. In this paper, the authors propose the concept of attributing internal complexity to particles by representing their internal state space as points on strange attractors. They introduce the idea of attractor-driven matter and explore its formalism, providing examples and suggesting its potential applicability in modeling complex dynamics and emergent behaviors.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhengdong Han, Alan Levett, Mansour Edraki, Michael W. M. Jones, Daryl Howard, Gordon Southam
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the biogeochemical influences on tungsten mobilization in wolframite tailings through a high-resolution depth profile analysis. It was found that several indigenous bacteria associated with iron and sulfur were highly correlated with tungsten, arsenic, and rare earth elements in the tailings. The weathering of wolframite was accelerated by the biooxidation of metal sulfides, which resulted in the mobilization of tungsten species. The study also highlighted the potential economic value of reprocessing tungsten waste for valuable metal recovery.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhengdong Han, Alan Levett, Mansour Edraki, Michael W. M. Jones, Daryl Howard, Gordon Southam
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility of using biogeochemical reprocessing for the decontamination of tungsten tailings and the recovery of valuable metals. It was found that while early-stage dissolution of tungsten minerals can occur, the formation of secondary tungsten minerals limits tungsten dissolution.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Alaleh Aminzadeh, Lindon Roberts, Benjamin Young, Cheng- Chiang, Imants D. Svalbe, David I. Paganin, Andrew M. Kingston
Summary: A set of non-configurable transversely-displaced masks has been designed and fabricated to generate high-quality X-ray illumination patterns for imaging techniques. The designs include random binary and orthogonal patterns, fabricated through photolithography and gold electroplating techniques. Experimental results show that a single wafer can be used as an illumination mask, producing high-quality X-ray ghost images.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Celebrity F. Groenendijk, Marta Rovituso, Danny Lathouwers, Jeremy M. C. Brown
Summary: A Geant4 based simulation platform called G4HPTC-R&D was developed for the Holland Proton Therapy Centre to simulate the research and development beamline. It accurately reproduces the pencil beam evolution in air and depth-dose profiles for various proton energies, and meets the requirements for clinical and radiobiological applications. The platform uses a six parameter non-symmetrical Gaussian pencil beam surrogate model and individual parameter surrogate functions derived from experimental proton datasets.
PHYSICA MEDICA-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Konstantinos Chatzipapas, Milos Dordevic, Sara Zivkovic, Ngoc Hoang Tran, Nathanael Lampe, Dousatsu Sakata, Ivan Petrovic, Aleksandra Ristic-Fira, Wook-Geun Shin, Sara Zein, Jeremy M. C. Brown, Ioanna Kyriakou, Dimitris Emfietzoglou, Susanna Guatelli, Sebastien Incerti
Summary: This study developed a computational environment using Geant4-DNA to accurately simulate human cancer cell irradiation. New cell geometrical models were developed and irradiated using alpha particle beams to induce DNA damage. The proposed approach may help further investigation of the benefits of external alpha irradiation therapy.
PHYSICA MEDICA-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Andrew M. Kingston, Alaleh Aminzadeh, Lindon Roberts, Daniele Pelliccia, Imants D. Svalbe, David M. Paganin
Summary: Classical ghost imaging is a new imaging paradigm that involves using a set of illumination patterns and measuring the total interaction of an object for each pattern, rather than directly measuring the object's image with a pixelated detector. The image is computed through the correlation of each pattern and the corresponding bucket value. This paper explores the properties of masks or speckle in order to maximize ghost-image quality in a classical ghost-imaging setup using a transversely displaced but otherwise nonconfigurable mask.
Proceedings Paper
Optics
Linda Croton, Kelly Crossley, Courtney McDonald, Kaye Morgan, Tayla Penny, Robert Galinsky, Stuart Hooper, Gary Ruben, James Pollock, Florian Schaff, Michelle Croughan, Amy Sutherland, Marcus Kitchen
Summary: X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an important tool in clinical neuroimaging, but its low contrast resolution limits its ability to distinguish subtle variations between different soft tissue types. Phase contrast X-ray imaging (PCXI) uses refraction and diffraction to increase sensitivity to tissue composition. However, neuroimaging with X-rays faces unique challenges, including artifacts and difficulties in soft-tissue segmentation. Recent research has demonstrated that PCXI-CT can resolve brain anatomical structures at micron-scale resolution and shows potential in detecting brain injuries.
DEVELOPMENTS IN X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY XIV
(2022)