Review
Environmental Sciences
Anna VerKuilen, Lauren Sprouse, Rachel Beardsley, Sarah Lebu, Aaron Salzberg, Musa Manga
Summary: In 2016, a high rate of open defecation was observed in India, which was significantly higher than the global average. The government implemented the Swachh Bharat Mission to achieve open defecation-free status across all Indian states by 2019. However, the true success of this mission is questionable and various challenges, such as financial constraints and cultural beliefs, still hinder efforts to reduce open defecation. Strategies involving community incentives, leadership involvement, and behavior-change campaigns have shown promise in addressing this issue.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mahfuza Islam, Mahbubur Rahman, Mohammad Abdullah Heel Kafi, Leanne Unicomb, Mostafizur Rahman, Andrew Mertens, Jade Benjamin-Chung, Benjamin F. Arnold, John M. Colford, Stephen P. Luby, Ayse Ercumen
Summary: This study aimed to assess the sustained effect of a multi-component sanitation intervention on latrine access and use, as well as child feces management tools in rural Bangladesh. The intervention resulted in a significant increase in hygienic latrine access, which remained high even after 3.5 years. However, the use of child feces management tools was infrequent, indicating a need for strategies to ensure sustained adoption.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hemez Ange Aurelien Kouassi, Harinaivo Anderson Andrianisa, Maimouna Bologo Traore, Seyram Kossi Sossou, Rikyelle Momo Nguematio, Sidesse Sonia Saapi Ymele, Mahugnon Samuel Ahossouhe
Summary: Open-defecation is a widespread sanitation practice causing diarrheal diseases and deaths in low-income countries. Community-Led-Total Sanitation (CLTS) is an approach to eradicate this practice, but its long-term results are not encouraging. This research identifies five categories of factors affecting the sustainability of Open-Defecation-Free (ODF) status in communities, including the socio-political factors not previously reported.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Bernard Chege, Gideon Ndambuki, Maurice Owiny, Alice Kiyong'a, Eric M. Fevre, Elizabeth A. J. Cook
Summary: A sanitation-based intervention was conducted in Busia County, Kenya to reduce the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis. The results showed a reduction in the prevalence of lingual cysts in pigs after the intervention, indicating that improved sanitation can reduce the occurrence of porcine cysticercosis.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Usman Talat, Luke Ravenscroft, Ivo Vlaev
Summary: This study conducted a formative research and feasibility evaluation of a behavioral intervention designed to improve latrine use in rural India. The intervention involved a pledge and small incentives to engage villagers. The feasibility study showed that the intervention was successful in improving latrine use, and identified important factors such as convenience, relief, comfort, construction cost, and safety influencing latrine use in the context of prevalent open defecation. The intervention was refined based on the study results.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kelsey Shaw, Christopher Kennedy, Caetano C. Dorea
Summary: This analysis investigated the impact of decentralized sanitation technologies on climate change in relation to achieving SDG 6.2 targets. The results showed that improved emission factors for sanitation technologies can significantly reduce GHG emissions, but achieving sanitation goals may lead to an increase in global GHG emissions.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Muhammad Sallehin Zulkaflay, Linda Lim Pei Fang, Yong Doh Jeing, Abd Razak Ahmad, Hardip Gendeh
Summary: The study revealed that about 64.1% of residents used household latrines, with 52.3% engaging in open defecation. Only 5% of rural residents have access to an underground drainage system. The results highlight the need for healthcare practitioners to provide health education in order to overcome behavioral barriers and achieve behavior change among rural populations.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bethany A. Caruso, Gloria D. Sclar, Parimita Routray, Corey L. Nagel, Fiona Majorin, Steven Sola, William J. Koehne, Thomas Clasen
Summary: This study investigated a low-cost behavioral intervention aimed at increasing latrine use and safe disposal of child feces in rural India. The intervention included various activities such as community meetings, household visits, and latrine repairs. The results showed a modest increase in latrine use and a significant increase in safe disposal of child feces. However, the intervention may not be sufficient to reduce exposure to fecal pathogens to a level necessary for health benefits.
LANCET PLANETARY HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Benedique Paul, David Jean Simon, Ann Kiragu, Woodley Geneus, Evens Emmanuel
Summary: This study used data from the Haiti Demographic and Health Survey to examine the socio-economic and demographic factors influencing open defecation practices among households in Haiti. The results showed that factors such as age and sex of the household head, household size, education level, wealth index, and access to mass media were significant predictors of open defecation. To accelerate the elimination of open defecation, the government should address wealth disparities, raise awareness through mass media and community networks, and implement specific interventions for rural and urban areas.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Parvati Singh, Manisha Shah, Tim A. Bruckner
Summary: This study found that the introduction of the national sanitation campaign SBM in India is associated with a reduction in stunting and wasting among under 5-year-old children. The increase in toilet availability post-SBM is linked to a decrease in child stunting, especially in rural areas and districts with higher pre-SBM toilet availability.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Satoshi Igaki, Nguyen Tran Minh Duc, Nguyen Hai Nam, Tran Thi Tuyet Nga, Parshal Bhandari, Amr Elhamamsy, Caroline Ibrahim Lotify, Mostafa Elsayed Hewalla, Gehad Mohamed Tawfik, Peterson Gitonga Mathenge, Masahiro Hashizume, Nguyen Tien Huy
Summary: This study systematically reviewed existing research on the effectiveness of community- and school-based randomized controlled sanitation interventions, and found that they significantly improved safe feces disposal, latrine usage, latrine coverage or access, and improved latrine coverage or access. Combining education with latrine construction was more effective than educational intervention alone.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Alhassan Abdul Mumin, Abdul-Rahim Mohammed, Toyibu Issahaku, Baba Iddrisu Musah
Summary: The study assessed the impact of community-led total sanitation (CLTS) on open defecation in the Tamale Metropolis. It found that poor maintenance of latrines, financial hardship, and social norms contribute to frequent open defecation. The study also revealed that CLTS has significantly reduced open defecation in the area and identified policy environment, community participation, and implementation quality as key factors for effective CLTS implementation.
ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Srayasi Prakash, Pradeep Kumar, Preeti Dhillon, Sayeed Unisa
Summary: This study assesses the level of sanitation facilities accessed by households and examines the socioeconomic characteristics of households that received financial benefits from the Swachh Bharat Mission. The findings reveal disparities in access to sanitation facilities based on state, region, and rural-urban differences.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jabir Ali, Waseem Khan
Summary: This study examines the importance of demographic, social and economic factors in determining the adoption of green toilets among rural households in India. Using data from the Rural Impact Survey of the World Bank, the study finds that about 36.2 percent of surveyed rural households have access to green toilets with proper effluent discharge systems. The analysis also reveals a significant association between the adoption of green toilets and various demographic, social, and economic characteristics. Regression analysis further highlights the marginal effects of factors such as age, education, income, and social category on the adoption of green toilets in rural India.
ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gloria D. Sclar, Valerie Bauza, Alokananda Bisoyi, Thomas F. Clasen, Hans-Joachim Mosler
Summary: Child feces management is crucial in household environments, and the safe disposal and latrine training practices need to be separately analyzed. This study examines the contextual and psychosocial factors influencing caregiver safe disposal and child latrine training, providing insights for programming.