Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia Doroszkiewicz, Magdalena Groblewska, Barbara Mroczko
Summary: The interaction between the gut microbiome and the brain plays a significant role in the development of neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychological disorders. Balanced gut microbiota composition presents new potential opportunities for therapeutic interventions in these diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Juliet L. Kroll, Thomas Ritz
Summary: Accumulating behavioral evidence suggests that asthma is associated with cognitive deficits. A literature review was conducted to identify studies examining potential central nervous system (CNS) contributions to cognition in asthma. The review discusses the general understanding of the CNS in asthma, proposes a working model linking neural influences of asthma pathology with cognition, and highlights the clinical significance of CNS and neurocognitive sequelae in asthma.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Song Wen, Thiquynhnga Nguyen, Min Gong, Xinlu Yuan, Chaoxun Wang, Jianlan Jin, Ligang Zhou
Summary: GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors are novel antidiabetic medications with significant cardiovascular benefits, acting through distinct and shared pathways in the central nervous system. They have been shown to regulate metabolic effects via sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, influencing feeding, blood glucose regulation, and cardiovascular activities. These findings provide insight into potential drug design approaches for improving macro-cardiovascular risk and reducing diabetic complications.
DIABETES METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Jeann L. Sabino-Carvalho, Barbara Falquetto, Ana C. Takakura, Lauro C. Vianna
Summary: The incidence of Parkinson's disease is increasing worldwide, with nonmotor dysfunctions gaining recognition. Research suggests that baroreflex dysfunction may be an underlying mechanism of cardiovascular dysregulation in PD patients. This review summarizes potential altered central and peripheral mechanisms affecting the feedback-controlled loops in PD patients.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Michael Camilleri
Summary: The objective of this article is to review the evidence of abnormal gastrointestinal (GI) tract motor functions in the context of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). The article describes preferred methods and documented motor dysfunctions in DGBI based on those methods for each section regarding GI motor dysfunction. Non-invasive measurements of gut motility and therapeutic interventions directed to abnormalities of motility suggest their consideration in patients with DGBI not responding to first-line approaches.
Review
Neurosciences
Lisette Olsthoorn, Debby Vreeken, Amanda J. Kiliaan
Summary: Obesity negatively affects brain structure and function, leading to cognitive impairment in areas such as executive function, memory, inhibition, and language. The interaction between obesity and cognition involves gut microbiota, white adipose tissue, inflammation, and cerebrovascular function.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Tzu-Ting Lai, Chia-Wei Liou, Yu-Hsuan Tsai, Yuan-Yuan Lin, Wei-Li Wu
Summary: Psychological stress is a global issue that affects a significant portion of the global population and increases the risk of psychiatric disorders. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays a role in regulating stress and associated behavior. The microbiota can modulate stress response through the regulation of intestinal glucocorticoids and the autonomic nervous system. This review provides insight into the pathways by which gut microbes impact stress signaling, brain circuits, and ultimately the host's behavior.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
James K. Ruffle, Harpreet Hyare, Matthew A. Howard, Adam D. Farmer, A. Vania Apkarian, Steven C. R. Williams, Qasim Aziz, Parashkev Nachev
Summary: The autonomic nervous system governs the body's internal adaptation to changes in the external environment and is more complex than previously thought. This study applied generative graphical modeling to neuroimaging data to reveal a comprehensive hierarchical representation of the autonomic brain. Graphical analysis discriminated between regions modulated by parasympathetic and sympathetic systems, showing the high-level distributed interactions mediating the roles of the autonomic system.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Piero Portincasa, Leonilde Bonfrate, David Q. -H. Wang, Gema Fruhbeck, Gabriella Garruti, Agostino Di Ciaula
Summary: Type 2 and type 1 diabetes are common endocrine disorders that are associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction and increased cancer risk. Metabolic alterations and gastrointestinal dysfunction can lead to symptoms in the upper and/or lower gastrointestinal tract, affecting a significant percentage of diabetic patients. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of gastrointestinal function is important in the management of diabetes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Danna Wang, Luyao Wang, Liuyang Han, Boyang Wang, Renjie Shi, Jin Ye, Bing Xia, Zhenting Zhao, Beita Zhao, Xuebo Liu
Summary: The research shows that Leucine restriction (LR) has a positive impact on insulin resistance and white adipose tissue browning. However, the effect of LR on obesity-associated cognitive impairment has not been well studied. This study found that LR for 8 weeks significantly improved cognitive decline caused by a high-fat diet (HFD), preventing synaptic dysfunction, increasing neurotrophic factors, and inhibiting neuroinflammation in memory-related brain regions. Additionally, LR reshaped the gut microbiota structure by reducing inflammation-related bacteria and increasing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. LR also restored HFD-induced SCFA reduction, gut barrier damage, and LPS leakage. These findings suggest that LR could be a beneficial approach to mitigate obesity-induced cognitive deficits by balancing gut microbiota homeostasis and enhancing SCFA production.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Xiaoyu Gao, Yifan Hu, Yafei Tao, Shuangfeng Liu, Haowen Chen, Jiayi Li, Yan Zhao, Jun Sheng, Yang Tian, Yuanhong Fan
Summary: The aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus has laxative effects by modulating gastrointestinal motility factors, intestinal inflammation, gut barrier, and gut microbiota, resulting in shortened defecation time and improved gastrointestinal transit rate.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Sheena K. Aurora, Stephen B. Shrewsbury, Sutapa Ray, Nada Hindiyeh, Linda Nguyen
Summary: Migraine and gastrointestinal disorders share a common etiology, with delayed gastric emptying, functional dyspepsia, and CVS being associated with migraine and impacting treatment. Recognition of gastrointestinal disorders in migraine patients is important for improving treatment outcomes.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Flavia Indrio, Josef Neu, Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani, Flavia Marchese, Silvia Martini, Alessia Salatto, Arianna Aceti
Summary: The second and third trimesters of pregnancy are critical for the development of the gastrointestinal tract. Premature birth can lead to immature digestive function and gut microbiome, resulting in poor nutrition and severe complications. Understanding the developmental features of GI functions can improve the nutritional management of preterm infants.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kara G. Margolis, John F. Cryan, Emeran A. Mayer
Summary: The gut-brain axis is crucial in maintaining homeostasis, with the microbiome playing a significant role in modulating signaling along this axis. This axis impacts disorders like irritable bowel syndrome and mood disorders, with serotonin being a key neurotransmitter involved in these conditions. More research is needed before these findings can be applied for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in patient populations.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Zhao-Fu Sheng, Hua Zhang, PeiRu Zheng, Shanyan Chen, Zezong Gu, Jing-Jing Zhou, Jeffery G. Phaup, Hui-Ming Chang, Edward T. H. Yeh, Hui-Lin Pan, De-Pei Li
Summary: This study found that decreased Kv7 channel activity in the central amygdala (CeA) contributes to heightened sympathetic outflow in hypertension. This novel information provides new mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of neurogenic hypertension.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)