Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
Volume 3, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001118
Keywords
biomarker; cardiovascular outcomes; coronary heart disease; C-reactive protein; inflammation
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Funding
- Robert W. Woodruff Health Sciences Center Fund (Atlanta, GA)
- Emory Heart and Vascular Center (Atlanta, GA)
- Katz Family Foundation Preventive Cardiology Grant (Atlanta, GA)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) from the Clinical and Translational Science Award program NIH [UL1 RR025008, R01HL089650-02]
- National Institute for Health Research [CL-2011-11-003] Funding Source: researchfish
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Introduction-Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is an emerging inflammatory and immune biomarker. Whether suPAR level predicts the presence and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), and of incident death and myocardial infarction (MI) in subjects with suspected CAD, is unknown. Methods and Results-We measured plasma suPAR levels in 3367 subjects (67% with CAD) recruited in the Emory Cardiovascular Biobank and followed them for adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes of death and MI over a mean 2.1 +/- 1.1 years. Presence of angiographic CAD (>= 50% stenosis in >= 1 coronary artery) and its severity were quantitated using the Gensini score. Cox's proportional hazard survival and discrimination analyses were performed with models adjusted for established CV risk factors and C-reactive protein levels. Elevated suPAR levels were independently associated with the presence of CAD (P<0.0001) and its severity (P<0.0001). A plasma suPAR level >= 3.5 ng/mL (cutoff by Youden's index) predicted future risk of MI (hazard ratio [HR] =3.2; P<0.0001), cardiac death (HR=2.62; P<0.0001), and the combined endpoint of death and MI (HR=1.9; P<0.0001), even after adjustment of covariates. The C-statistic for a model based on traditional risk factors was improved from 0.72 to 0.74 (P=0.008) with the addition of suPAR. Conclusion-Elevated levels of plasma suPAR are associated with the presence and severity of CAD and are independent predictors of death and MI in patients with suspected or known CAD.
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