Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maider Garnica, Anna Aiello, Mattia Emanuela Ligotti, Giulia Accardi, Hugo Arasanz, Ana Bocanegra, Ester Blanco, Anna Calabro, Luisa Chocarro, Miriam Echaide, Grazyna Kochan, Leticia Fernandez-Rubio, Pablo Ramos, Fanny Pojero, Nahid Zareian, Sergio Pineiro-Hermida, Farzin Farzaneh, Giuseppina Candore, Calogero Caruso, David Escors
Summary: The number of people aged 65 or older is increasing, but their quality of life is not improving. Older people have a weaker immune system due to immunosenescence, making them more vulnerable to infections. This article reviews the impact of aging on T and B cells and discusses approaches to modulate and reverse the decline of the aging adaptive immune system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anastasia Poznyak, Evgeny E. Bezsonov, Tatyana Popkova, Antonina Starodubova, Alexander N. Orekhov
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and mortality worldwide. Inflammation and alterations of lipid metabolism are considered the main components, with T and B cells playing important roles in the pathogenesis. Targeting these cells may hold promise for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Colwyn A. Headley, Shalini Gautam, Angelica Olmo-Fontanez, Andreu Garcia-Vilanova, Varun Dwivedi, Anwari Akhter, Alyssa Schami, Kevin Chiem, Russell Ault, Hao Zhang, Hong Cai, Alison Whigham, Jennifer Delgado, Amberlee Hicks, Philip S. Tsao, Jonathan Gelfond, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Yufeng Wang, Jordi B. Torrelles, Joanne Turner
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction in CD4(+) T lymphocytes is implicated in the dysregulated signaling and function of these cells in the elderly. This study demonstrates that transferring functional mitochondria into aged CD4(+) T cells improves mitochondrial function and cellular functionality. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of these mito-transferred aged CD4(+) T cells protects immune deficient mice from influenza A and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magdalena Hagen, Luca Pangrazzi, Lourdes Rocamora-Reverte, Birgit Weinberger
Summary: The expression of CD4 and CD8 co-receptors defines two distinct T cell populations with specialized functions. However, a paradoxical population of CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive (DP) T cells challenging this paradigm has been found in the peripheral blood. This subset has unique functions and exhibits memory-like features. Strategies to better characterize the role of this minor T cell subset in regulating immune responses are necessary.
Article
Immunology
Michela Ciocca, Salvatore Zaffina, Ane Fernandez Salinas, Chiara Bocci, Patrizia Palomba, Maria Giulia Conti, Sara Terreri, Giuseppe Frisullo, Ezio Giorda, Marco Scarsella, Rita Brugaletta, Maria Rosaria Vinci, Nicola Magnavita, Rita Carsetti, Eva Piano Mortari
Summary: The decline of the immune system in aging leads to decreased susceptibility to infections and reduced response to vaccination, especially in reacting to new pathogens. Research shows that elderly individuals have a significant reduction in CD27(dull) memory B cells, while having a higher population of specialized antigen-selected CD27(bright) memory B cells. Additionally, B cells from older individuals produce significantly fewer IgM and IgA antibodies compared to younger individuals after in vitro stimulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Angeline Rouers, Nathan Wong, Yun Shan Goh, Anthony Torres-Ruesta, Matthew Zirui Tay, Zi Wei Chang, Siew-Wai Fong, Vanessa Neo, Isaac Kai Jie Kam, Nicholas Kim-Wah Yeo, Yuling Huang, Chiew Yee Loh, Pei Xiang Hor, Joel Xu En Wong, Yong Jie Tan, Paul A. Macary, Xinlei Qian, Wang Bei, Eve Zi Xian Ngoh, Siti Nazihah Mohd Salleh, Cheng- Wang, Xuan Ying Poh, Suma Rao, Po Ying Chia, Sean W. X. Ong, Tau Hong Lee, Ray J. H. Lin, Clarissa Lim, Jefanie Teo, Ee Chee Ren, David Chien Lye, Barnaby E. Young, Lisa F. P. Ng, Laurent Renia
Summary: The waning antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of variants of concern call for booster vaccinations, especially for the elderly population. In this study, the responses to homologous and heterologous mRNA booster vaccines were analyzed. It was found that elderly individuals who received the heterologous vaccine regimen displayed higher levels of neutralizing antibodies and increased immunoglobulin G memory B cells, particularly against the Omicron variant. The T cell responses were also increased in elderly individuals given the heterologous regimen.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Xinyi Zhou, Zhen Wang, Kefei Yuan
Summary: Cancer is a major threat to human health, and T-cell immunotherapy shows great promise in treating cancers. Diet therapy, with its safety and few side effects, is a topic of concern in cancer research. Various nutrients in the diet have been found to influence the function of T cells and the progression of cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Timoteo Marchini, Sophie Hansen, Dennis Wolf
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall characterized by the formation of vessel-occluding plaques. Recent evidence suggests that autoreactive CD4(+) T cells recognizing self-peptides from Apolipoprotein B play a crucial role in driving the autoimmune response and contributing to plaque instability.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chang Yi Wang, Kao-Pin Hwang, Hui-Kai Kuo, Wen-Jiun Peng, Yea-Huei Shen, Be-Sheng Kuo, Juin-Hua Huang, Hope Liu, Yu-Hsin Ho, Feng Lin, Shuang Ding, Zhi Liu, Huan-Ting Wu, Ching-Tai Huang, Yuarn-Jang Lee, Ming-Che Liu, Yi-Ching Yang, Po-Liang Lu, Hung-Chin Tsai, Chen-Hsiang Lee, Zhi-Yuan Shi, Chun-Eng Liu, Chun-Hsing Liao, Feng-Yee Chang, Hsiang-Cheng Chen, Fu-Der Wang, Kuo-Liang Hou, Jennifer Cheng, Min-Sheng Wang, Ya-Ting Yang, Han-Chen Chiu, Ming-Han Jiang, Hao-Yu Shih, Hsuan-Yu Shen, Po-Yen Chang, Yu-Rou Lan, Chi-Tian Chen, Yi-Ling Lin, Jian-Jong Liang, Chun-Che Liao, Yu-Chi Chou, Mary Kate Morris, Carl V. Hanson, Farshad Guirakhoo, Michael Hellerstein, Hui-Jing Yu, Chwan-Chuen King, Tracy Kemp, D. Gray Heppner, Thomas P. Monath
Summary: The UB-612 vaccine showed favorable safety profile, long-lasting antibody response, and broad T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Delta and Omicron, in phase I/II trials.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Greg M. Delgoffe, Paolo D. A. Vignali
Summary: Exhausted effector T cells in tumors can acquire an immunosuppressive function and hinder the immune response to cancer.
Article
Oncology
Meghan E. Sise, Qiyu Wang, Harish Seethapathy, Daiana Moreno, Destiny Harden, R. Neal Smith, Ivy A. Rosales, Robert B. Colvin, Sarah Chute, Lynn D. Cornell, Sandra M. Herrmann, Riley Fadden, Ryan J. Sullivan, Nancy J. Yang, Sara Barmettler, Sophia Wells, Shruti Gupta, Alexandra-Chloe Villani, Kerry L. Reynolds, Jocelyn Farmer
Summary: Non-invasive biomarkers such as elevated sIL-2R level and flow cytometric markers of B and T cell dysregulation may aid in the diagnosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ICI-nephritis).
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Angela Etayo, Kai K. Lie, Reidun M. Bjelland, Ivar Hordvik, Aina-Cathrine Overgard, Oystein Saele
Summary: Marine fish larvae, including farmed ballan wrasse, often experience high mortality in early life stages unrelated to predation. It is crucial to understand the development and function of the adaptive immune system, as well as the role of nutrition, in order to establish effective preventive measures and expand the knowledge on immune system in lower vertebrates. The thymus development in ballan wrasse was observed for the first time at larval stage 3 and lymphoid at stage 5. T-cell maturation processes in ballan wrasse are similar to other teleosts, with a higher abundance of CD4-1+ cells indicating the prominent role of helper T-cells during development. Nutritional factors such as DHA/EPA, Zn, and Se may influence the expression of T-cell markers and thymus size, suggesting an earlier onset of adaptive immunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Sandhya Sharma, Mae Woods, Naren U. Mehta, Tim Sauer, Kathan S. Parikh, Michael Schmuck-Henneresse, Huimin Zhang, Birju Mehta, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, Cliona M. Rooney
Summary: This study found that depleting naive T cells before extracting antigen-specific T cells from patients can enhance their expansion, antigen specificity, and therapeutic potency. By using CD45RA-depleted PBMCs, EBV-specific T cells were successfully generated and applied in clinical trials for lymphoma and viral infections.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Eleonora Gallerani, Davide Proietto, Beatrice Dallan, Marco Campagnaro, Salvatore Pacifico, Valentina Albanese, Erika Marzola, Peggy Marconi, Antonella Caputo, Victor Appay, Riccardo Gavioli, Francesco Nicoli
Summary: Research indicates that older individuals have defective primary SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses, with lower magnitude and quality compared to younger adults, as well as recognizing a lower number of epitopes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Youri Bertrand, Alba Sanchez-Montalvo, Valerie Hox, Antoine Froidure, Charles Pilette
Summary: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an important component in host defense and mucosal immunoregulation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the distribution and characteristics of IgA(+) B cells in the human lung, as well as the mechanisms of their homing and priming. It also discusses the observations related to IgA and IgA(+) B cells in lung and airway diseases, highlighting the need for further research to improve mucosal protection against lung infections and chronic inflammatory diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
E. Picard, D. M. E. Bowdish, J. E. McElhaney, G. Pawelec, M. Loeb, C. P. Verschoor
Summary: Previous studies have shown that T cell compartment status and inflammation-related factors are associated with the immunogenicity of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine in older adults. This study explored the roles of different immune cell subsets in VZV vaccine responses in older adults, finding that IL-1 beta(+) monocytes mediate the response of long-lived VZV-reactive memory T cells, while IL-6(+) monocytes have an opposing effect. The impact of monocyte status on the induction and maintenance of memory T cells in later life remains to be determined.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Graham Pawelec, Janet McElhaney
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Graham Pawelec, Janet McElhaney
Summary: The rapid development and testing of COVID-19 vaccines have shown high efficacy in older adults, potentially leading to a paradigm shift in understanding the impact of immunosenescence on vaccination against novel infectious diseases.
Article
Allergy
T. Fulop, A. Larbi, G. Pawelec, A. Khalil, A. A. Cohen, K. Hirokawa, J. M. Witkowski, C. Franceschi
Summary: The concept of inflammaging introduced by Prof. Franceschi in 2000 revolutionized the understanding of immune changes in response to lifelong stress. It highlights the dichotomy of the proinflammatory process, influenced by genetics and the environment, leading to either beneficial or detrimental consequences. Moreover, it elucidates the complex and systemic nature of aging, opening avenues for studying counter-processes in addition to the process itself. This concept also paves the way for potential multimodal interventions to optimize aging towards healthy longevity.
CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
David Goldeck, Lisbeth Aagaard Larsen, Kaare Christensen, Klaus Hamprecht, Lilly ottinger, Karin Hahnel, Graham Pawelec
Summary: Frequencies of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in peripheral blood may serve as informative biomarkers for certain disease states. The influence of genetics and lifetime pathogen exposures on Treg and MDSC frequencies remains largely unexplored. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can impact the frequencies of Tregs and MDSCs, but overall human suppressor cell levels appear to be more influenced by immunological history of exposures than genetics.
Article
Immunology
Nicola Herold, Anna Schollhorn, Adrian Feile, Andrea Gaissler, Anne Mohrholz, Graham Pawelec, Markus W. Loeffler, Stoyan Dimitrov, Cecile Gouttefangeas, Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
Summary: This study investigates the applicability of m24 antibody in the detection of gamma delta T cell activation. The results show that m24 antibody staining is associated with cytokine expression and allows for rapid assessment of activation, eliminating the need for intracellular staining or protein trafficking inhibitors.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Nikolaus Buchmann, Jens Fielitz, Dominik Spira, Maximilian Koenig, Kristina Norman, Graham Pawelec, David Goldeck, Ilja Demuth, Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
Summary: The study found that inflammation is associated with lower muscle mass, particularly in individuals with Metabolic syndrome (MetS). Controlling MetS may help prevent sarcopenia.
Editorial Material
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Graham Pawelec
Editorial Material
Immunology
Stephanie E. B. McArdle, Graham Pawelec, Alan Graham Pockley, Pal Johansen
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Emilie Picard, Sarah Armstrong, Melissa K. Andrew, Laura Haynes, Mark Loeb, Graham Pawelec, George A. Kuchel, Janet E. McElhaney, Chris P. Verschoor
Summary: The study found a significant association between systemic inflammation levels and antibody responses to the seasonal influenza vaccine, particularly in older adults receiving high vaccine doses.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Graham Pawelec
Review
Immunology
Tamas Fulop, Anis Larbi, Graham Pawelec, Alan A. Cohen, Guillaume Provost, Abedelouahed Khalil, Guy Lacombe, Serafim Rodrigues, Mathieu Desroches, Katsuiku Hirokawa, Claudio Franceschi, Jacek M. Witkowski
Summary: Organismal ageing is associated with changes in the immune system, which can lead to age-related diseases and decreased vaccine responses. However, recent advances in vaccine technology and understanding of immune ageing have contributed to the development of vaccines that can protect the health of older adults as well as younger individuals.
Article
Immunology
Andrea Gaissler, Trine Sundebo Meldgaard, Christina Heeke, Sepideh Babaei, Siri Amanda Tvingsholm, Jonas Bochem, Janine Spreuer, Teresa Amaral, Nikolaus Benjamin Wagner, Reinhild Klein, Friedegund Meier, Claus Garbe, Thomas K. Eigentler, Graham Pawelec, Manfred Claassen, Benjamin Weide, Sine Reker Hadrup, Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
Summary: This study investigated the dynamics of tumor antigen-specific T cells in the circulation of metastatic melanoma patients during anti-PD-1 treatment. The researchers identified a correlation between an increase in MAE-specific CD8+ T cell populations and improved overall survival. The study also found an increase in TIM-3+ and LAG-3+ T cells in patients with a dominantly increased MAE-specific CD8+ T cell signature. These findings contribute to a better understanding of biomarkers of response and anti-cancer mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Chris P. Verschoor, Daniel W. Belsky, Melissa K. Andrew, Laura Haynes, Mark Loeb, Graham Pawelec, Janet E. McElhaney, George A. Kuchel
Summary: Biological age was found to be associated with improved antibody responses to influenza vaccination, depending on vaccine dose and cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Johanna Drewelies, Gizem Hueluer, Sandra Duezel, Valentin Max Vetter, Graham Pawelec, Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, Gert G. Wagner, Ulman Lindenberger, Christina M. Lill, Lars Bertram, Denis Gerstorf, Ilja Demuth
Summary: Biological age, calculated based on parameters from standard laboratory blood tests, is an important indicator of aging, as it is associated with physician-observed morbidity and mortality risk beyond the effects of other biomarkers.