Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kana Ueda, Yuichi Nakajima, Hiroshi Inoue, Kappei Kobayashi, Takumi Nishiuchi, Makoto Kimura, Takashi Yaeno
Summary: The precursor NMN was found to induce plant resistance to fungal infection, especially to the biotrophic stage. The experimental results showed that NMN treatment suppressed the formation of fungal appressoria-like structures and resulted in irregular hyphal growth direction.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Sutanni Sarkar, Gulab Chand Arya, Boaz Negin, Ekaterina Manasherova, Maggie Levy, Asaph Aharoni, Hagai Cohen
Summary: In this study, the researchers explored the contribution of cuticular lipid metabolism to barley domestication by comparing wild and domesticated barley variants. They found substantial differences in the morphology and tissue characteristics between the two variants. Further analysis revealed that wild barley leaves have a higher density of epicuticular waxes compared to domesticated leaves, but the ultrastructure of the cuticle is similar. Gene expression assays confirmed these findings, showing higher expression of epicuticular wax biosynthetic genes in wild barley leaves. The research provides new insights into the compositional variances in cuticular lipids of wild and domesticated barley leaves and their impact on plant-environment interactions.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Congping Xu, Chuansong Zhan, Sishu Huang, Qijun Xu, Tang Tang, Yulin Wang, Jie Luo, Xingquan Zeng
Summary: This study systematically explores the mechanisms of powdery mildew (PM) resistance in qingke using integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data. The results suggest that jasmonic acid-mediated demethylation enhances plant immune resistance by activating defense-related gene expression and promoting the accumulation of aromatic phenylpropanoids (PAs).
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Antonin Dreiseitl
Summary: The study aimed to identify major resistances against powdery mildew in a set of wheat accessions from the Czech gene bank and group them according to their responses. Resistance to the pathogen was mainly found in varieties from Northwest Europe, and spring wheats exhibited more frequent resistance compared to winter wheats. These results will facilitate the breeding of new wheat cultivars with improved resistance to powdery mildew using the identified gene bank accessions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Niels Julian Maywald, Melissa Mang, Nathalie Pahls, Guenter Neumann, Uwe Ludewig, Davide Francioli
Summary: This study demonstrates the critical role of different forms of nitrogen fertilization in host-pathogen interactions and the assemblage of wheat rhizosphere microbiome.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Antonin Dreiseitl
Summary: The aim of this study is to identify genes for powdery mildew resistance in spring barley varieties bred for human consumption. Fifteen resistance genes, including the nonspecific resistance gene Mlo, were found. The use of Mlo gene is recommended for barley varieties earmarked for human consumption.
Article
Microbiology
Nina Bziuk, Lorrie Maccario, Soren J. Sorensen, Adam Schikora, Kornelia Smalla
Summary: This study investigated the effects of rhizosphere microbiome transplant (RMT) on the immune response and disease rates of barley. The results showed that the RMT-treated barley exhibited lower susceptibility to the fungal pathogen and increased expression of defense-related genes. Furthermore, the composition and function of the rhizosphere microbiome were influenced by the transplant, resulting in higher microbial diversity.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Antonin Dreiseitl
Summary: This study identified resistance genes for powdery mildew in 58 barley cultivars, revealing 18 known genes and several unknown genes. The durable resistance gene mlo remains predominant in spring barley, while a new resistance gene MlVe was found in winter barley.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antony V. E. Chapman, J. Mitch Elmore, Maxwell McReynolds, Justin W. Walley, Roger P. Wise
Summary: The Mla gene of barley plays a role in cereal immunity against fungal pathogens. Functional analysis of Sgt1, which is important for the resistance conferred by Mla, has been challenging. This study identified a Sgt1 mutation that weakens its interaction with Mla and affects the resistance. It is proposed that the strength of the interaction between plant CC-NLRs and Sgt1 determines the impact of Sgt1 silencing on resistance.
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS
(2022)
Review
Agronomy
Arzu Celik Oguz, Aziz Karakaya
Summary: Barley foliar fungal pathogens such as powdery mildew, net blotch, scald, spot blotch, barley stripe, and leaf rust negatively impact yield and quality. Genetic diversity of the pathogen fungus is influenced by factors such as mutation, population size, gene flow, and resistance mechanisms. Understanding these factors and monitoring pathogen biology can help in developing effective control strategies.
Article
Agronomy
Antonin Dreiseitl
Summary: The purity and homogeneity of gene bank accessions are crucial for research and breeding projects, as contamination or confusion can lead to inaccurate and non-reproducible results. A study on Czech winter barley gene bank accessions found that some accessions were genetically heterogeneous, containing different genotypes, which require further validation and study for purification and utilization of resistance genes.
Article
Plant Sciences
Antonin Dreiseitl, Zdenek Nesvadba
Summary: The main problems in crop gene banks, including accessions heterogeneity and mislabeling, can have adverse effects on research and breeding projects. Through cultivation and testing, varieties with stable resistance genes have been identified, providing a reliable resource for breeders and researchers.
Article
Microbiology
Antonin Dreiseitl
Summary: Cultivating resistant varieties is an affordable and eco-friendly method of crop protection, and understanding the presence of specific disease resistance genes in crop varieties has wide applications in research and practice. This article presents an experimental approach using a model organism to study powdery mildews and evaluates the benefits of leaf segment tests compared to whole plant screening.
Article
Agronomy
Anna Brugger, Patrick Schramowski, Stefan Paulus, Ulrike Steiner, Kristian Kersting, Anne-Katrin Mahlein
Summary: Recent studies have expanded the use of hyperspectral sensors to the ultraviolet range for monitoring plant stress processes. This study investigated plant-pathogen interactions in barley using hyperspectral imaging, revealing the potential for differentiation between barley genotypes inoculated with powdery mildew in the UV range. Deep learning classification showed high performance in distinguishing inoculated and noninoculated samples.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yuliya Genievskaya, Alibek Zatybekov, Saule Abugalieva, Yerlan Turuspekov
Summary: In this study, a collection of 406 barley accessions were evaluated for powdery mildew resistance, and seven QTLs associated with resistance were identified. Haplotype analysis revealed three haplotypes associated with total resistance and one haplotype associated with high severity of the disease. These findings provide valuable information for resistance analysis, trait pyramiding, and marker-assisted selection in barley.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Alan Storelli, Alexandra Minder, Andreas Keiser, Sebastian Kiewnick, Matthias Daub, Anne-Katrin Mahlein, Mario Schumann, Werner Beyer
Summary: This study conducted three consecutive in vivo bioassays to find potentially resistant sugar beet lines restricting reproduction and penetration of D. dipsaci. Although no resistance was found among the genotypes, a high variation of the penetration rate by D. dipsaci was observed. The study provides a basis for the development of resistant sugar beet cultivars to D. dipsaci, but further large-scale screenings are needed to confirm the observed variations among genotypes.
JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Nelia Nause, Joern Strassemeyer, Anne-Katrin Mahlein, Nicol Stockfisch
Summary: The analysis of pesticide use in sugar beet cultivation in Germany from 2010 to 2015 showed that environmental risks were relatively low and can be further reduced by combining field-specific measures and technical options. Certain combinations of active ingredients, application dates, and field-specific environmental conditions were found to provoke higher risks, especially with herbicide use.
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Anna Brugger, Patrick Schramowski, Stefan Paulus, Ulrike Steiner, Kristian Kersting, Anne-Katrin Mahlein
Summary: Recent studies have expanded the use of hyperspectral sensors to the ultraviolet range for monitoring plant stress processes. This study investigated plant-pathogen interactions in barley using hyperspectral imaging, revealing the potential for differentiation between barley genotypes inoculated with powdery mildew in the UV range. Deep learning classification showed high performance in distinguishing inoculated and noninoculated samples.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Helen Thompson, Sarah Vaughan, Anne-Katrin Mahlein, Erwin Ladewig, Christine Kenter
Summary: This study analyzed the residues of neonicotinoids in soil and succeeding crops, finding that residue levels decreased over time and with lower application frequency. Residues in pollen and nectar were detected to be lower than reported adverse effect concentrations in studies with honeybee and bumble bee individuals, indicating low risk to pollinators.
INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Stefan Thomas, Jan Behmann, Uwe Rascher, Anne-Katrin Mahlein
Summary: Previous studies on the performance of transmission and reflection datasets for disease detection yielded inconsistent results, with reflection imaging showing superior detection capabilities compared to transmission imaging. The disparity in results may be linked to the different interactions between the pathogens and host plants, as well as the way light interacts with plant tissue. The study offers new insights into the nature of transmission-based hyperspectral imaging and its application range.
JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Anne-Katrin Mahlein, Rene Hans-Juergen Heim, Anna Brugger, Kaitlin Gold, Yang Li, Ali Kashif Bashir, Stefan Paulus, Matheus Thomas Kuska
JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Abel Barreto, Facundo Ramon Ispizua Yamati, Mark Varrelmann, Stefan Paulus, Anne-Katrin Mahlein
Summary: A pipeline based on machine learning methods was established for image data analysis and extraction of disease-relevant parameters from UAV data, providing a more precise and nondestructive assessment of plant diseases.
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Kenny Paul, Dominik K. Grosskinsky, Imre Vass, Thomas Roitsch
Summary: Silver nanoparticles show potential in protecting plants from pathogen attack, but high concentrations can cause leaf necrosis and chlorosis.
Article
Plant Sciences
Anna Brugger, Facundo Ispizua Yamati, Abel Barreto, Stefan Paulus, Patrick Schramowsk, Kristian Kersting, Ulrike Steiner, Susanne Neugart, Anne-Katrin Mahlein
Summary: Fungal infections trigger changes in plant metabolites, which can be detected using destructive or nondestructive methods. This study compared the effects of two diseases, Cercospora leaf spot disease (CLS) and sugar beet rust (BR), on plant metabolites using both destructive analyses and nondestructive hyperspectral measurements in the UV range. The results showed distinct reflectance patterns and spectral changes in response to the two diseases, allowing for differentiation and recognition using machine learning algorithms. The study highlights the utility of nondestructive UV-range hyperspectral imaging in investigating plant diseases.
Article
Plant Sciences
Peter Stasnik, Dominik K. Gro, Claudia Jonak
Summary: Waterlogging is a serious threat to the oilseed crop camelina, particularly during the vegetative growth stage. Younger plants are more sensitive to waterlogging, resulting in growth inhibition and lower yields. Physiological parameters, such as chlorophyll content index and total antioxidant capacity, are also affected by waterlogging.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Peter Stasnik, Johann Vollmann, Dominik K. Grosskinsky, Claudia Jonak
Summary: Climate change has put significant pressure on agriculture, but camelina sativa, an ancient oilseed crop, has shown resilience to climate stress and is of interest due to its adaptability and high-quality seeds. However, breeding of this crop has been neglected, and limited knowledge is available on its carbohydrate metabolism. This study characterized eight camelina lines from different regions and analyzed key metabolism enzymes, finding variations in growth parameters, agricultural traits, and enzyme activity patterns, providing a basis for breeding programs.
FOOD AND ENERGY SECURITY
(2023)
Review
Agronomy
Sajid Shokat, Dominik K. Grosskinsky, Sukhwinder Singh, Fulai Liu
Summary: Extreme weather, such as heat waves and drought, caused by climate change will become more severe and lasting. This review examines the potential of various wheat germplasms to resist drought and heat stress during flowering. It reports important marker-trait associations for sustainable grain production and explores the mechanisms of resilience, including gene expression and physiological traits. The study identifies pre-breeding traits and genotypes that can be used to breed wheat cultivars resilient to future adverse environments.
FOOD AND ENERGY SECURITY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Maurice Guender, Facundo R. Ispizua Yamati, Jana Kierdorf, Ribana Roscher, Anne-Katrin Mahlein, Christian Bauckhage
Summary: In this work, a hands-on workflow for the automatized temporal and spatial identification and individualization of crop images from UAVs is presented, improving the analysis and interpretation of UAV data in agriculture significantly. The results show that the approach has similar accuracy to more complex deep learning-based recognition techniques and can automate the processing of large datasets.
Review
Plant Sciences
Clive H. Bock, Sarah J. Pethybridge, Jayme G. A. Barbedo, Paul D. Esker, Anne-Katrin Mahlein, Emerson M. Del Ponte
Summary: Phytopathometry is a critical branch of plant pathology that focuses on estimating and measuring the amount of plant disease, playing a crucial role in analyzing yield loss, breeding disease-resistant plants, evaluating disease control methods, understanding pathogen ecology, and more. It is essential for a unified cross-discipline approach to research and application of tools in phytopathometry.
TROPICAL PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Remote Sensing
Florian Goerlich, Elias Marks, Anne-Katrin Mahlein, Kathrin Koenig, Philipp Lottes, Cyrill Stachniss
Summary: This study investigates the use of RGB imagery and convolutional neural networks for efficient detection and quantification of sugar beet leaf spot diseases, providing reliable results without the need for complex sensors. The approach was thoroughly evaluated using multiple UAV datasets from different fields, showing significant correlation with visual estimation by human experts, highlighting its potential for practical field applications.