Article
Plant Sciences
Pauline Chatelain, Jeremy Astier, David Wendehenne, Claire Rosnoblet, Sylvain Jeandroz
Summary: This study discusses the production and effects of NOS in plants, revealing the presence of NOS homologs in algae despite the lack of mammalian NOS homologs in land plant genomes. The identification of conserved partner proteins suggests a potential link to the regulation and functioning of NOS in mammals.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anthony Cheuk, Thomas Meier
Summary: Driven by transmembrane electrochemical ion gradients, F-type ATP synthases are the primary source of ATP across all domains of life. The ATP synthase in thylakoid membranes of photosynthetic organisms has unique features, such as a larger rotor ring and a redox-regulated switch that inhibits ATP hydrolysis activity in the dark. Recent insights into the structure and mechanism of photosynthesis-involved ATP synthases are reviewed, along with exploration of the cellular physiological consequences of these adaptations in both short and long time scales.
BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalia Correa-Aragunde, Andres Nejamkin, Fiorella Del Castello, Noelia Foresi, Lorenzo Lamattina
Summary: This study demonstrated that expression of OtNOS and SyNOS in E. coli promoted growth and improved utilization of nitrogen source. OtNOS induced expression of NO dioxygenase and showed high NO production, while SyNOS expression only resulted in a slight increase in NO production. NOS expression reduced ROS production and increased viability in E. coli cultures. Furthermore, the presence of MH4, an endogenous cofactor in E. coli, was suggested to be required for NOS catalytic activity.
NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jia-Bao Huang, Zhi-Ru Chen, Shu-Long Yang, Fen-Fang Hong
Summary: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by severe joint damage and disability. Nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthases (NOS) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of RA by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Targeting NOS/NO signaling pathways may be an effective approach for managing RA, and there are several drugs currently in clinical trials that show promise in treating RA by modulating NOS/NO activity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jason E. Cournoyer, Sarah D. Altman, Yang-le Gao, Catherine L. Wallace, Dianwen Zhang, Guo-Hsuen Lo, Noah T. Haskin, Angad P. Mehta
Summary: The evolutionary origin of photosynthetic eukaryotes had a significant impact on the evolution of complex lifeforms and global ecology. The endosymbiotic theory suggests that photosynthetic eukaryotes evolved through endosymbiosis between non-photosynthetic host cells and photosynthetic cyanobacterial or algal endosymbionts. However, our understanding of this important evolutionary transformation is limited. In this study, the authors engineered artificial, genetically tractable photosynthetic endosymbiosis between cyanobacteria and yeast, which can be used for evolutionary studies and synthetic biology applications.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gabriele Serreli, Monica Deiana
Summary: Nitric oxide (NO) is released in various organs and tissues and has important functions in organisms. There are three isoforms of the enzyme that produce NO, namely eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS. The expression and activity of these isoforms depend on different intracellular signaling pathways. Recent studies have focused on natural compounds like polyphenols, which can be obtained through diet, for their ability to modulate NOS isoforms' pathways. In this review, we aim to provide scientific evidence on the activity of dietary polyphenols in regulating NOS isoform expression and functionality.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Volodymyr Lushchak, Oleh Lushchak
Summary: In living organisms, most oxygen is reduced to water through four-electron reduction, but a small percentage is reduced through one-electron mechanisms to produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. These species interact with various components of living organisms, leading to diverse effects on biological systems.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Horticulture
Xiangli Sun, Zebin Yuan, Bo Wang, Liping Zheng, Jianzhong Tan
Summary: The study found that exogenous putrescine (Put) has positive effects on the chilling tolerance of Anthurium andraeanum. Pretreatment of anthurium seedlings with Put resulted in the accumulation of endogenous NO, with the NOS-dependent pathway playing a vital role in its generation. The NOS-dependent pathway was identified as the primary source of endogenous NO in Put-pretreated anthurium.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana C. Palei, Joey P. Granger, Frank T. Spradley
Summary: This review provides an overview of NOS isoforms and biochemistry, as well as the role of NO in blood pressure control during normal pregnancy, with a focus on the impact of placental malperfusion on NO bioavailability and the development of PE. The article also discusses strategies for targeting the NOS system therapeutically in treating PE. Throughout, the importance of experimental animal studies in understanding NOS biology and finding ways to prevent or alleviate PE is emphasized.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
You-Lin Tain, Chien-Ning Hsu
Summary: Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in protecting the kidneys. NO can be generated through different pathways, either dependent or independent of NO synthase (NOS). Deficiency of NO is closely associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Adverse intrauterine conditions can impact kidney development, increase the risk of CKD, but early reprogramming treatments have the potential to mitigate this risk. This review highlights the relationship between NOS/NO research and renal programming and reprogramming, and suggests potential strategies targeting NO for preventing and treating renal programming.
Article
Neurosciences
Caroline Ran, Julia M. Michalska, Carmen Fourier, Christina Sjostrand, Elisabet Waldenlind, Anna Steinberg, Andrea C. Belin
Summary: A study on the involvement of NOS genes in cluster headache revealed an association between an iNOS haplotype and the disorder, as well as an association between an nNOS variant and reported triptan use. This suggests that while genetic variants in NOS genes may not strongly influence cluster headache pathophysiology, specific combinations of these variants could impact the risk of developing the disorder or using triptans.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jhana O. Hendrickx, Sofie De Moudt, Elke Calus, Peter Paul De Deyn, Debby Van Dam, Guido R. Y. De Meyer
Summary: This study investigates the association between arterial stiffness and cognitive decline by introducing arterial stiffness in genetic and pharmacological NO dysfunction models. The findings demonstrate that non-selective inhibition of NOS activity leads to cardiac dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and decline in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory, highlighting the importance of neuronal NOS in both cardiovascular and neurological pathophysiology.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tatiana Lapina, Vladislav Statinov, Roman Puzanskiy, Elena Ermilova
Summary: The study demonstrates that colorless alga Polytomella parva cells synthesize nitric oxide (NO) through L-arginine and proposes the existence of a nitric oxide synthase-like activity independent of nitrate reductase (NR). The NO generated causes S-nitrosation of protein cysteine thiol groups as an essential post-translational modification in P. parva.
Review
Oncology
Yang Feng, Yahui Feng, Liming Gu, Pengfei Liu, Jianping Cao, Shuyu Zhang
Summary: BH4 plays a key role in modulating cellular radiosensitivity by affecting the production of nitric oxide and oxygen free radicals. Its metabolism can influence the efficacy of radiotherapy in both tumor cells and normal tissues.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ping Shen, Sebastian Serve, Peihua Wu, Xiaohui Liu, Yujie Dai, Nayar Duran-Hernandez, Dan Thi Mai Nguyen, Michael Fuchs, Tazio Maleitzke, Marie-Jacqueline Reisener, Maria Dzamukova, Katrin Nussbaumer, Tobias M. Brunner, Yonghai Li, Vivien Holecska, Gitta A. Heinz, Frederik Heinrich, Pawel Durek, Georgia Katsoula, Clemens Gwinner, Tobias Jung, Eleftheria Zeggini, Tobias Winkler, Mir-Farzin Mashreghi, Matthias Pumberger, Carsten Perka, Max Lohning
Summary: TLR2 stimulation suppresses matrix protein expression and induces an inflammatory phenotype in chondrocytes, while also impairing mitochondrial function and reducing ATP production. The study also shows that inhibiting NOS2 can restore mitochondrial function and protect against age-related OA development.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
