Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Burton R. Patterson
Summary: A new microstructural property M-VS(gb) has been found to describe the rate of volume sweeping by boundaries throughout the entire structure, and the classic grain growth law has been derived using a comprehensive microstructural approach.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Yuanyi Niu, Huanhuan Lyu, Xinying Liu, Man Zhang, Han Li
Summary: Supplemental lighting and irrigation management have significant effects on the photosynthesis and phenotype of tomatoes, especially in terms of SL duration and relative matrix moisture. Proper SL duration can improve the photosynthetic rate of tomatoes, but the midday depression should be avoided. Furthermore, SL should be coordinated with sufficient irrigation to avoid potential water stress.
COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Linzhi Fang, Zhiyu Ma, Qiaobin Wang, Hai Nian, Qibin Ma, Qiliang Huang, Yinghui Mu
Summary: Our results suggest that an appropriate combination of red (R) and blue (B) light promotes plant growth and photosynthetic performance for soybean compared to R- or B-LED alone. Plants exposed to 80B:20R% showed unexpectedly greater root development and plant biomass, while plants grown with 0B:100R% had higher chlorophyll content but lower photosynthetic rates.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2021)
Article
Economics
James E. Payne, Junsoo Lee, Md Towhidul Islam, Saban Nazlioglu
Summary: This study examines the convergence of per capita greenhouse gas emissions for a global panel of 183 countries. The results show that the evidence of stochastic convergence in greenhouse gas emissions is quite limited compared to other unit root tests that fail to account for cross-correlations. The policy implications of the findings are also discussed.
Article
Agronomy
Shuya Wang, Xin Meng, Zhongqi Tang, Yue Wu, Xuemei Xiao, Guobin Zhang, Linli Hu, Zeci Liu, Jian Lyu, Jihua Yu
Summary: Supplementary light exposure using LEDs promotes the growth of tomato plants in greenhouses. Light supplementation in the morning enhances growth, root development, photosynthetic pigment synthesis, and photosynthetic capacity in tomato leaves.
Article
Horticulture
Xueting Bi, Xiaozhuo Wang, Xueyan Zhang
Summary: Root zone heating can solve the problem of decreased yield and quality in cucumber due to low temperature stress. Water-heated soil cultivation and water-curtain and floor-heating cultivation are the most effective heating methods, improving cucumber growth and photosynthetic characteristics, increasing fruit yield and improving fruit quality.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jie He, Nur Khairunnisa Bte Jawahir, Lin Qin
Summary: Increasing light intensity significantly improved growth and photosynthetic capacity of temperate Cos lettuce in a tropical greenhouse with supplementary LED lighting, without affecting certain physiological parameters such as F-v/F-m ratio and total reduced nitrogen. This study highlights the potential benefits of using LED lighting for year-round vegetable production in tropical regions.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Nicholas D. Ducharme-Barth, Arnaud Gruss, Matthew T. Vincent, Hidetada Kiyofuji, Yoshinori Aoki, Graham Pilling, John Hampton, James T. Thorson
Summary: Abundance indices derived from fisheries-dependent data have the potential for bias, but spatiotemporal delta-GLMMs can better standardize and predict abundance in unfished areas, improving the estimation of fisheries stock assessments. However, further evaluation is needed on the performance of spatiotemporal delta-GLMMs in situations where fisheries spatial sampling patterns change over time.
FISHERIES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Cheng Zhou, Yuanyuan Hu, Jie Cao, Liuxiong Xu, Xuefang Wang, Rong Wan, Yu Xiao, Jiangfeng Zhu, Hao Tang
Summary: This study analyzed the habitat characteristics of skipjack tuna using fisheries data and found that standardized CPUE could better predict the habitat shift of skipjack tuna and was linked to ENSO variability.
ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Hanping Mao, Yong Liu, Yafei Wang, Guoxin Ma, Bin Wang, Xiaoxue Du, Qiang Shi, Jiheng Ni
Summary: This study investigated the response of cucumber to nutrient stress, particularly compound stress, in order to improve yield and ensure food safety. The research found that different treatments had varied effects on growth and root development of cucumber. The findings are significant for establishing irrigation strategies, improving fertilizer utilization, and increasing cucumber yield.
QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tyler M. Kaub, Robert T. DeHoff, Burton R. Patterson
Summary: This paper evaluates six techniques for determining the number of grains or particles per unit volume, mean volume, and cumulative volume distribution. The unbiased methods show accurate estimation, while biased methods tend to overestimate or underestimate the properties. All methods exhibit the same statistical relationship between the coefficient of variation and the square root of the number of grains sampled.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
S. Yuan, H. Tang, L. J. Fu, J. L. Tan, G. Govindjee, Y. Guo
Summary: Active control of photosynthetic activities is crucial in plant physiological study. However, the application of plant photosynthesis models in plant growth control has not been fully examined. The current fixed control protocols used in plant growth chambers do not support such experiments. In this paper, an open IoT-based framework is proposed to gather environmental data, program control algorithms based on models, and implement real-time commands for controlling environmental factors.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jagadish Rane, Susheel Kumar Raina, Venkadasamy Govindasamy, Hanumantharao Bindumadhava, Prashantkumar Hanjagi, Rajkumar Giri, Krishna Kumar Jangid, Mahesh Kumar, Ramakrishnan M. Nair
Summary: The study involved growing 24 elite mungbean genotypes under controlled conditions with and without water stress, and identified the partial least square method as the optimal model for predicting biomass. Plant growth rates and water-use indices calculated from predicted biomass were found to be promising traits for assessing genotype responses to soil moisture stress.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Jhen Hsu, Yi-Jay Chang, Nicholas D. Ducharme-Barth
Summary: The study utilized generalized linear mixed models to evaluate several spatial treatments for standardizing catch-per-unit-effort data. Results indicated that a spatio-temporal model performed the best in estimating relative abundance indices, highlighting the importance of conducting influence analysis.
FISHERIES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Alexis A. Allen, Amy T. Pierce, Robert T. Dauchy, George B. Voros, Georgina L. Dobek
Summary: Light and lighting protocols play a critical role in biomedical research using animals. This study found that exposing adolescent rats to LED light enriched in the blue-appearing portion of the spectrum affected the circadian concentrations of neuroendocrine hormones, such as melatonin and corticosterone.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Hassan Y. Sulaiman, Eve Runno-Paurson, Eve Kaurilind, Ulo Niinemets
Summary: Rust infection has a stronger impact on foliage physiological processes in Avena sativa than in Rhamnus frangula. Photosynthesis decreases with increasing damaged leaf area (D-A) in both species, but the reductions are greater in A. sativa. In A. sativa, reductions in photosynthesis result from reductions in stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity, while in R. frangula, reductions are due to reduced capacity. Infection also leads to decreased photosynthetic biomass and key nutrients in A. sativa, but not in R. frangula. In A. sativa, stress-elicited volatile emissions increase with increasing D-A up to 40%, but decrease with further increases, while in R. frangula, volatile emissions are slightly elicited but constitutive isoprene emissions are enhanced.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Peijian Shi, Lin Wang, Ulo Niinemets, Yabing Jiao, Karl J. J. Niklas
Summary: Stomatal density (SD) is important to photosynthetic rates, but measuring SD is time-consuming. This study provides a method for estimating SD based on the scaling relationship between SD and mean nearest neighbour distance (MNND) of sampled stomatal centres. The study found significant interspecific and within-leaf variability in SD, and validated the inverse scaling relationship between SD and MNND at species and family levels. Using MNND as a rapidly estimated trait simplifies and expedites the estimation of SD.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Leeya Pressburger, Kalyn Dorheim, Trevor F. Keenan, Haewon McJeon, Steven J. Smith, Ben Bond-Lamberty
Summary: The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations caused by human activity is at its highest level in the last 2 million years, leading to significant impacts on the Earth system. However, the understanding of the magnitude and future dynamics of land and ocean carbon sinks is limited, resulting in poor constraints on the amount of fossil fuel emissions remaining in the atmosphere. This study aims to quantify the sources and controls of atmospheric CO2, track the fate of anthropogenic CO2, and investigate the trend in the airborne fraction. Through modeling and analysis, it is found that the majority of model runs exhibit a negative trend in the airborne fraction, indicating that land and ocean sinks are absorbing more carbon than the atmosphere. The study also highlights the potential influence of Earth system feedbacks, with a peak of over 90% of atmospheric CO2 derived from anthropogenic sources. Additionally, only a quarter of anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions end up in the atmosphere, while more than half are absorbed by the land sink over a century timescale.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Thore Engel, Helge Bruelheide, Daniela Hoss, Francesco M. Sabatini, Jan Altman, Mohammed A. S. Arfin-Khan, Erwin Bergmeier, Tomas Cerny, Milan Chytry, Matteo Dainese, Juergen Dengler, Jiri Dolezal, Richard Field, Felicia M. Fischer, Dries Huygens, Ute Jandt, Florian Jansen, Anke Jentsch, Dirk N. Karger, Jens Kattge, Jonathan Lenoir, Frederic Lens, Jaqueline Loos, Ulo Niinemets, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Wim A. Ozinga, Josep Penuelas, Gwendolyn Peyre, Oliver Phillips, Peter B. Reich, Christine Roemermann, Brody Sandel, Marco Schmidt, Franziska Schrodt, Eduardo Velez-Martin, Cyrille Violle, Valerio Pillar
Summary: This study evaluates the effects of dominance and niche partitioning on biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships in grassland systems worldwide. The results indicate that dominance effects, related to the traits of the dominant species, have a significant impact on BEF relationships, while functional diversity (FD) does not affect primary productivity (NDVI).
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Karl J. Niklas, Peijian Shi, Johan Gielis, Julian Schrader, Ulo Niinemets
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wu-Bing Xu, Wen-Yong Guo, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Franziska Schrodt, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Brian J. Enquist, Brian S. Maitner, Cory Merow, Cyrille Violle, Madhur Anand, Michael Belluau, Hans Henrik Bruun, Chaeho Byun, Jane A. Catford, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Eduardo Chacon-Madrigal, Daniela Ciccarelli, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Anh Tuan Dang-Le, Angel de Frutos, Arildo S. Dias, Aelton B. Giroldo, Alvaro G. Gutierrez, Wesley Hattingh, Tianhua He, Peter Hietz, Nate Hough-Snee, Steven Jansen, Jens Kattge, Benjamin Komac, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Koen Kramer, Sandra Lavorel, Christopher H. Lusk, Adam R. Martin, Ke-Ping Ma, Maurizio Mencuccini, Sean T. Michaletz, Vanessa Minden, Akira S. Mori, Uelo Niinemets, Yusuke Onoda, Renske E. Onstein, Josep Penuelas, Valerio D. Pillar, Jan Pisek, Matthew J. Pound, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Brandon Schamp, Martijn Slot, Miao Sun, Enio E. Sosinski Jr, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Nelson Thiffault, Peter M. van Bodegom, Fons van der Plas, Jingming Zheng, Jens-Christian Svenning, Alejandro Ordonez
Summary: Studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. This study found that larger glacial-interglacial temperature change was associated with lower species replacements and higher richness changes in beta-diversity. Furthermore, regions with large temperature change showed lower phylogenetic and functional turnover and higher nestedness than expected, indicating selective processes during glacial-interglacial oscillations. These findings suggest that future human-driven climate change could lead to local homogenization and reduction in angiosperm tree diversity.
Article
Ecology
Wu Sun, Xiangzhong Luo, Yuanyuan Fang, Yoichi P. Shiga, Yao Zhang, Joshua B. Fisher, Trevor F. Keenan, Anna M. Michalak
Summary: The study finds that the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration at continent and biome scale in North America is lower than previous plot-level studies have estimated. By using atmospheric CO2 concentration observations and carbon flux estimates, this study characterizes the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration at various North American biomes. The results indicate lower temperature sensitivities compared to plot-scale studies, suggesting the need for further research on the resilience of large-scale carbon sinks to warming.
NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Eve Runno-Paurson, Erkki Maeorg, Olavi Kurina, Erki Ounap, Astrid Kannaste, Ulo Niinemets, Peeter Laaniste
Summary: Industrial hemp cultivation in Estonia is facing widespread crop pest threats, especially from European corn borer. Fertilization rates significantly affect the growth and yield of hemp, but have a weak impact on pest control. Integrated pest management practices adapted to specific agro-climatic conditions are needed for hemp cultivation.
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Kevin R. Wilcox, Anping Chen, Meghan L. Avolio, Ethan E. Butler, Scott Collins, Rosie Fisher, Trevor Keenan, Nancy Y. Kiang, Alan K. Knapp, Sally E. Koerner, Lara Kueppers, Guopeng Liang, Eva Lieungh, Michael Loik, Yiqi Luo, Ben Poulter, Peter Reich, Katherine Renwick, Melinda D. Smith, Anthony Walker, Ensheng Weng, Kimberly J. Komatsu
Summary: This article discusses the shortcomings of herbaceous plant community representation in predictive models, pointing out that the model representation of grassland and herbaceous ecosystems lags behind tree communities and forests. The article identifies two important knowledge gaps: incomplete understanding of the principles governing herbaceous vegetation dynamics and limitations in the current model structure and parameterization of grass and other herbaceous plant functional types. The article provides directions for improving the representation of herbaceous communities within models through empirical research and model improvements.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Qiying Li, Karl J. J. Niklas, Uelo Niinemets, Liuyue Zhang, Kexin Yu, Johan Gielis, Jie Gao, Peijian Shi
Summary: Stomata play a crucial role in the exchange of water vapor and atmospheric gases in plants. Previous studies have not determined whether the elliptical shape of stomata is mathematically accurate, as natural shapes often deviate from perfect ellipses. We examined the stomatal geometries of four Magnoliaceae species and found that most of the stomata were better described using the superellipse equation rather than the traditional ellipse equation. This finding has important implications for accurately estimating stomatal area in studies on stomatal shape and function.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Sophie Ruehr, Trevor F. Keenan, Christopher Williams, Yu Zhou, Xinchen Lu, Ana Bastos, Josep G. Canadell, Iain Colin Prentice, Stephen Sitch, Cesar Terrer
Summary: This article investigates the storage and growth of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere, highlighting the importance of understanding the processes driving the carbon sink for mitigating climate change. The article suggests that continued carbon sequestration is possible through nature-based climate solutions and appropriate ecosystem management.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anskje Van Mensel, Karen Wuyts, Pedro Pinho, Babette Muyshondt, Cristiana Aleixo, Marta Alos Orti, Joan Casanelles-Abella, Francois Chiron, Tiit Hallikma, Lauri Laanisto, Marco Moretti, Uelo Niinemets, Piotr Tryjanowski, Roeland Samson
Summary: This study evaluated the potential of magnetic analysis of urban tree trunk bark to discriminate between particulate matter (PM) exposure levels and investigated the variation in bark magnetic properties at different spatial scales. The results showed that the bark magnetic properties could well reflect the PM exposure levels at both city and local scales, and the values increased with tree circumferences and on the side of the trunk facing the prevailing wind direction. Significant relationships between magnetic properties of different genera were also found, indicating the possibility of combining data from different genera to improve sampling resolution and coverage in biomagnetic studies.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Correction
Plant Sciences
Jose Angel Morales-Sanchez, Kristiina Mark, Joao Paulo S. Souza, Ulo Niinemets
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Nicola Pavanetto, Carlos P. Carmona, Lauri Laanisto, Ulo Niinemets, Giacomo Puglielli
Summary: This study examines the tolerance of woody plants to different abiotic stressors and explores the relationship between plant form and function dimensions and tolerance. The results indicate that drought-tolerant and cold/waterlogging-tolerant woody plants have distinct trait adaptations, while shade-tolerant woody plants also exhibit specific adaptations. These findings are important for understanding the constraints on polytolerance in woody plants.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Astrid Kannaste, Liina Jurisoo, Eve Runno-Paurson, Eero Talts, Rein Drenkhan, Ulo Niinemets
Summary: Global warming affects the growth environment of plants and the spread of fungal diseases. The resistance of different Ulmus species to Dutch elm disease varies, and their responses to mechanical injury and pathogen inoculation also differ.