Journal
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 2, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00131
Keywords
Rift Valley fever virus; bunyavirus; phlebovirus; vaccine; replicon; vaccine vector; subunit vaccine
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Funding
- NIH [R01 AI08764301]
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development at the University of Texas Medical Branch
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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, and has spread into Madagascar, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) of the family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus causes hemorrhagic fever, neurological disorders or blindness in humans, and high rate abortion and fetal malformation in ruminants. RVFV is classified as a Category A Priority pathogen and overlap select agent by CDC/USDA due to its potential impact on public health and agriculture. There is a gap in the safety and immunogenicity in traditional AVE vaccines; the formalin-inactivated RVFV vaccine TSI-GSD-200 requires three doses for protection, and the live attenuated Smithburn vaccine has a risk to cause abortion and fetal malformation in pregnant ruminants. In this review, problems of traditional vaccines and the safety and efficacy of recently reported novel RVF candidate vaccines including subunit vaccines, virus vector, and replicons are discussed.
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