Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ayesha Shah, Veenaa Pakeerathan, Michael P. Jones, Purna C. Kashyap, Kate Virgo, Thomas Fairlie, Mark Morrison, Uday C. Ghoshal, Gerald J. Holtmann
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in systemic sclerosis (SSc), as well as the risk factors and the effects on gastrointestinal symptoms. The study found that SIBO prevalence in SSc patients is 39.9%, with a 10-fold increased prevalence compared to controls. It also suggested that antimicrobial therapy should be considered for SSc patients with SIBO and diarrhea.
JOURNAL OF NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Maurice B. Loughrey, Neil A. Shepherd
Summary: This review discusses the indications and contraindications for endoscopic biopsy of the upper gastrointestinal tract, with a focus on controversies related to Barrett's esophagus, chronic gastritis, and duodenal biopsy in celiac disease investigation. It emphasizes the importance of detailed discussions between pathologists and endoscopists, as well as accurate clinical information provided during biopsies.
Article
Pediatrics
Dong-Uk Kim, Jae Yoon Na, Seung Sam Paik, Seungyun Jee, Young Ho Lee, Yong Joo Kim
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the number and distribution of D-cells in children with endoscopic findings of duodenogastric and gastroesophageal reflux. It was found that the number of D-cells in the gastric body was significantly lower than in the antrum, and increased in children with duodenogastric reflux. This suggests that somatostatin peptide secretion by D-cells may play a major role in gastrointestinal reflux disease.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Arjun Gandhi, Ayesha Shah, Michael P. Jones, Natasha Koloski, Nicholas J. Talley, Mark Morrison, Gerald Holtmann
Summary: The systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that methane-positive SIBO is more prevalent in IBS, particularly in IBS-C, compared to controls, while it is less common in patients with IBD. In patients with IBD, methane-positive SIBO was significantly lower in Crohn's disease compared to ulcerative colitis. More studies are needed to establish a causal relationship due to the low quality of evidence and clinical heterogeneity in the current studies.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Julia Wanzl, Katharina Groehl, Agnieszka Kafel, Sandra Nagl, Anna Muzalyova, Stefan Karl Goelder, Alanna Ebigbo, Helmut Messmann, Elisabeth Schnoy
Summary: This study retrospectively investigated patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and correlated the results of a glucose breath test for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) with clinical symptoms. The study found a higher prevalence of SIBO in IBD patients, especially in those with Crohn's disease. The detection rate of SIBO was higher in active IBD patients, but the results were not statistically significant due to the small sample size. Older age was identified as a risk factor for SIBO in patients with Crohn's disease. Further and larger clinical trials are needed to investigate the real prevalence and impact of SIBO in the vulnerable patient cohort with IBD.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anupam Rej, Michael D. E. Potter, Nicholas J. Talley, Ayesha Shah, Gerald Holtmann, David Surendran Sanders
Summary: Diet plays a crucial role in the manifestation and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms, and there are potential dietary interventions for small bowel disorders. A gluten-free diet is the cornerstone of treatment for nonceliac gluten/wheat sensitivity, while elimination and elemental diets show promise in managing eosinophilic gastroenteritis, and antimicrobials are currently the established management option for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
David J. Cangemi, Brian E. Lacy, Journey Wise
Summary: This study found poor agreement between lactulose breath test (LBT) and duodenal aspiration (DA) in the evaluation of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). LBT may be more favorable than DA due to being safer, cheaper, and less likely to yield a contaminated result. Patients with diabetes mellitus or proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use were more likely to have a positive result in DA, while those with a history of small bowel resection were more likely to have a positive result in LBT.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Giuseppina Abignano, Gianna Angela Mennillo, Giovanni Lettieri, Duygu Temiz Karadag, Antonio Carriero, Angela Anna Padula, Francesco Del Galdo, Dinesh Khanna, Salvatore D'Angelo
Summary: The study demonstrated that SSc patients with impaired esophageal transit scintigraphy findings have higher GIT 2.0 reflux scores, while esophageal emptying activity is negatively correlated with reflux scores.
JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Bo Tang, Qiu-xia Feng, Xi-sheng Liu
Summary: This study compared the CT features of gastric and small bowel GISTs and identified the predictors for risk stratification in each group. The results showed that the CT features of gastric and small bowel GISTs were different, and the CT features may be helpful for preoperative risk stratification.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Stacy Weitsman, Shreya Celly, Gabriela Leite, Ruchi Mathur, Rashin Sedighi, Gillian M. Barlow, Walter Morales, Maritza Sanchez, Gonzalo Parodi, Maria Jesus Villanueva-Millan, Ali Rezaie, Mark Pimentel
Summary: This study compared the duodenal and stool microbiomes of PPI users and non-users, finding differences in the relative abundance of certain microbial families in the duodenal and stool microbiomes of PPI users. However, PPI use was not associated with higher rates of SIBO. The clinical implications of these findings remain unclear.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Gun Ha Kim, Ji Hoon Shin, Chu Hui Zeng, Jung Hoon Park
Summary: This narrative review discusses the indications, efficacy, and safety of fluoroscopic-guided stent placement for gastrointestinal disorders, including palliation in inoperable cancers, bridging to surgery, benign lesions, and anastomotic strictures or leaks.
CARDIOVASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Bence Kovari, Rish K. Pai
Summary: The upper gastrointestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are often masked by classic ileal and colonic symptoms, but with improved endoscopic techniques and biopsy, both asymptomatic and clinically significant esophageal, gastric, and duodenal manifestations are increasingly recognized.
ADVANCES IN ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Marco Pennazio, Emanuele Rondonotti, Edward J. Despott, Xavier Dray, Martin Keuchel, Tom Moreels, David S. Sanders, Cristiano Spada, Cristina Carretero, Pablo Cortegoso Valdivia, Luca Elli, Lorenzo Fuccio, Begona Gonzalez Suarez, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Lumir Kunovsky, Deirdre McNamara, Helmut Neumann, Enrique Perez-Cuadrado-Martinez, Enrique Perez-Cuadrado-Robles, Stefania Piccirelli, Bruno Rosa, Jean-Christophe Saurin, Reena Sidhu, Ilja Tacheci, Erasmia Vlachou, Konstantinos Triantafyllou
Summary: According to the recommendations from ESGE, small-bowel capsule endoscopy is the recommended first-line examination for suspected small-bowel bleeding due to its excellent safety profile and patient tolerability. In cases of overt suspected small-bowel bleeding, small-bowel capsule endoscopy should be conducted as soon as possible, ideally within 48 hours after the bleeding episode to maximize diagnostic and therapeutic benefits. Routine second-look endoscopy before small-bowel capsule endoscopy is not recommended for patients with suspected small-bowel bleeding or iron-deficiency anemia. Conservative management is recommended for patients with suspected small-bowel bleeding and negative small-bowel capsule endoscopy. If lesions are identified, device-assisted enteroscopy can be used for confirmation and possibly treatment. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy is recommended as the first-line examination for patients with iron-deficiency anemia when small bowel evaluation is indicated. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy is also recommended in patients with suspected Crohn's disease and negative ileocolonoscopy findings, as well as in patients with unremarkable or nondiagnostic findings from dedicated small-bowel cross-sectional imaging if it is likely to influence patient management. A patency capsule should be used before small-bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with established Crohn's disease to decrease the capsule retention rate. Device-assisted enteroscopy can be used as an alternative to surgery for retrieving foreign bodies in the small bowel in patients without acute intestinal obstruction. Additionally, DAE-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (DAE-ERCP) is recommended as a first-line endoscopic approach to treat pancreaticobiliary diseases in patients with surgically altered anatomy, except for Billroth II patients.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
E. Scarpellini, L. Abenavoli, V. Cassano, E. Rinninella, M. Sorge, F. Capretti, C. Rasetti, G. Svegliati Baroni, F. Luzza, P. Santori, A. Sciacqua
Summary: This study found that the prevalence of SIBO and relative endotoxin blood levels seem to be significantly associated with the grade of LF vs. LS in LC. SIBO is also present under pre-cirrhotic conditions, but its prevalence seems to correlate with liver disease irreversible derangement.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
G. Oosthuizen, J. Klopper, Johan Buitendag, S. Variawa, S. R. Cacala, V. Y. Kong, D. Couch, D. L. Clarke
Summary: This retrospective study examined the outcomes of patients with penetrating colon injury with or without concomitant small bowel injury. The results showed no significant differences in leak rates, length of hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality between the two groups. Therefore, it suggests that the presence of a combined penetrating colon and small bowel injury should not change management priorities, and each injury should be treated based on its own merit and the patient's physiology.
INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED
(2022)