Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meng-Shin Shiao, Jia-Ming Chang, Arb-Aroon Lertkhachonsuk, Naparat Rermluk, Natini Jinawath
Summary: Early detection of EOC is crucial for improving survival rates. Exosomal miRNAs show promise as non-invasive biomarkers for early cancer detection, but stability, sensitivity, and selection of endogenous reference miRNAs are important considerations. Current clinical trials using miRNAs for EOC detection suggest their potential utility in the future.
Article
Oncology
Lei Wang, Jinxiang Wu, Naikuan Ye, Feng Li, Hanxiang Zhan, Shihong Chen, Jianwei Xu
Summary: Plasma-derived Exo-miR-19b is a promising diagnostic marker for pancreatic cancer, showing superior diagnostic value when normalized using miR-1228 in differentiating patients with Pca from healthy volunteers. The study suggests that Exo-miR-19b may be a potential alternative or supplement to serum CA19-9 for diagnosing Pca.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Aniko Bertokova, Natalia Svecova, Katarina Kozics, Alena Gabelova, Alica Vikartovska, Eduard Jane, Michal Hires, Tomas Bertok, Jan Tkac
Summary: This article examines the best procedure for isolating exosomes, which are considered to be a rich source of biomarkers. The study compared several isolation procedures and found that magnetic-based kits were the most effective. It also determined that storing isolated exosomes at -20°C is optimal and observed that cancerous prostate cell lines produce more exosomes than non-cancerous cell lines. Additionally, the study explored the response of cell lines to stress and investigated the effect of Triton X-100 on exosome lysis. The article concludes by discussing the advantages of using a self-made 2D biochip for monitoring exosome interactions and the potential of lectin fluorescent microarrays for analyzing glycans in lysed exosomes.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Dongsheng Mao, Mengmeng Zheng, Wenxing Li, Yi Xu, Chengguang Wang, Qiuling Qian, Shuainan Li, Guifang Chen, Xiaoli Zhu, Xianqiang Mi
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional molecular beacon based on cubic DNA nanocage was constructed, which successfully enabled the detection of miRNA in exosomes. By overcoming the unexpected fluorescence quenching and FRET phenomena in confined space, this molecular beacon significantly improved the sensitivity of fluorescence signal detection.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claudia Piombino, Ilenia Mastrolia, Claudia Omarini, Olivia Candini, Massimo Dominici, Federico Piacentini, Angela Toss
Summary: Liquid biopsies, as an alternative to molecular re-characterization, have been widely studied for monitoring tumor evolution and applied in early cancer diagnosis, tumor burden monitoring, tumor heterogeneity, molecular resistance, and minimal residual disease detection. Among extracellular vesicles, exosomes are considered one of the most promising predictors of early cancer diagnosis and treatment response due to their ability to reflect the biological fingerprints of parental cells and their crucial role in cell communication.
Review
Cell Biology
Zhengfan Gao, Bairen Pang, Jing Li, Na Gao, Tianli Fan, Yong Li
Summary: Prostate cancer is the most common solid tumor in men, with different prognostic outcomes for local versus metastatic cases. Traditional diagnostic methods rely on tissue biopsy and PSA tests, but liquid biopsy using exosomal proteins and miRNAs show promise in tracking PCa progression and metastasis. These biomarkers could provide more comprehensive information and guide treatment options at all stages of PCa.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kota Nakamura, Zhongxu Zhu, Souvick Roy, Eunsung Jun, Haiyong Han, Ruben M. Munoz, Satoshi Nishiwada, Geeta Sharma, Derek Cridebring, Frederic Zenhausern, Seungchan Kim, Denise J. Roe, Sourat Darabi, In-Woong Han, Douglas B. Evans, Suguru Yamada, Michael J. Demeure, Carlos Becerra, Scott A. Celinski, Erkut Borazanci, Susan Tsai, Yasuhiro Kodera, Joon Oh Park, John S. Bolton, Xin Wang, Song Cheol Kim, Daniel Von Hoff, Ajay Goel
Summary: This study developed an exosome-based liquid biopsy signature for the noninvasive and robust detection of patients with PDAC, showing high accuracy and specificity through genome-wide profiling and qRT-PCR assays.
Review
Cell Biology
Jing Li, Na Gao, Zhengfan Gao, Wei Liu, Bairen Pang, Xingli Dong, Yong Li, Tianli Fan
Summary: Exosomes play critical roles in promoting chemoresistance in cancer through various mechanisms. Due to their stability, specificity, and sensitivity, exosomes can serve as biomarkers in liquid biopsies to monitor the current status and progression of cancer chemoresistance.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yanbing Lu, Xin Li, Yun Liu, Jiabin Li, Zhezhou Chen, Xianmeng Meng, Wanming Li, Jin Fang
Summary: Liquid biopsy, using a W3-based molecular beacon (MAB-W3-3G), can detect CTCs and exosomes in the blood of tumor patients. This method has high specificity, plasma stability, and can be completed without sample pretreatment or routine washing procedures. The enumeration of W3-positive CTCs and quantitation of positive exosomes showed potential for more precise clinical diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC).
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexey S. S. Rzhevskiy, Alina Y. Y. Kapitannikova, Denis V. V. Butnaru, Evgeniy V. V. Shpot, Simon A. A. Joosse, Andrei V. V. Zvyagin, Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
Summary: Currently, there is a lack of sensitive and specific methods for the detection and prognosis of early stage prostate cancer. Liquid biopsy, a novel technique that extracts biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells, exosomal miRNAs, and circulating DNAs, has been investigated as a supplement or alternative to the traditional screening methods for prostate cancer.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dan Yu, Yixin Li, Maoye Wang, Jianmei Gu, Wenrong Xu, Hui Cai, Xinjian Fang, Xu Zhang
Summary: Liquid biopsy, a revolutionary strategy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction, uses minimally invasive detection through biofluids such as blood, saliva, and urine. Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in intercellular communication and are considered as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsy. However, the lack of high-quality separation and component analysis methods has limited the further clinical application of exosomes.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Xiaoni Fang, Yuqing Wang, Shurong Wang, Baohong Liu
Summary: Exosomes have attracted significant research interest as a new paradigm of liquid biopsy. However, the efficient isolation and sensitive molecular quantification of exosomes is still a major obstacle, and nanomaterials have been identified as powerful tools for effective purification and molecular analysis of exosomes.
MATERIALS TODAY BIO
(2022)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhao Jing, Kai Chen, Ling Gong
Summary: Esophageal cancer is a common malignancy in China with high mortality, and understanding the role of exosomes in cancer progression can help improve prognosis. Exosomes are small vesicular structures that contain various components involved in cell-to-cell communication and material exchange, playing a role in cancer growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. They also have potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers in cancer. This review discusses the significance of exosomes in esophageal cancer progression, microenvironment remodeling, therapeutic resistance, and immunosuppression, as well as their utility as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xuan-Mei Piao, Eun-Jong Cha, Seok Joong Yun, Wun-Jae Kim
Summary: Bladder cancer is the most common neoplasm of the urinary tract, and liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising field of cancer research. Liquid biopsy samples offer comprehensive information and enable tracking of genetic evolution of the disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Qiuli Xu, Liang Ye, Litang Huang, Li Zhou, Xi Chen, Mingxiang Ye, Guannan Wu, Ping Zhan, Tangfeng Lv, Yong Song
Summary: The study investigated the potential of serum exosomal miRNA in predicting leptomeningeal metastasis of lung cancer, with results showing that miRNA-483-5p and miRNA-342-5p had significant differences in LM patients, suggesting they could serve as predictive biomarkers for LM.
ONCOTARGETS AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hee Cheol Yang, Won Jong Rhee
Summary: A method for single step in situ detection of EV surface proteins and inner miRNAs using a flow cytometer was developed, allowing for the differentiation of cancer cell-derived EVs. This approach offers a simple, time- and labor-saving, non-invasive liquid biopsy method for diagnosing various diseases, including cancer.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Seulha Kim, Seunghun S. Lee, Boram Son, Jeong Ah Kim, Nathaniel S. Hwang, Tai Hyun Park
Summary: ECM derived from a cell line may be a good alternative for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, as it can be produced under controlled conditions and promote bone regeneration.
ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Hee Cheol Yang, Yoo Min Ham, Jeong Ah Kim, Won Jong Rhee
Summary: A novel single-step, equipment-free EV concentration method using super absorbent polymer (SAP) beads was developed in this study, which efficiently concentrates EVs while maintaining high purity of the EV solution. The method was shown to successfully enrich EVs in human urine samples and culture medium, outperforming conventional ultrafiltration methods.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Thuy Giang Nguyen Cao, Ji Hee Kang, Jae Young You, Han Chang Kang, Won Jong Rhee, Young Tag Ko, Min Suk Shim
Summary: Utilizing exosomes as nanocarriers, this study effectively delivered the sonosensitizer ICG to tumor tissues, with surface modification using the cancer-targeting ligand FA to enhance ROS production in breast cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth. The active cancer-targeted FA-ExoICG showed superior tumor accumulation, pharmacokinetic properties, and sonotoxicity against cancer cells compared to ExoICG and free ICG, demonstrating its potential as an effective nanosonosensitizer for safe and targeted cancer treatment.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Do Kyung Kim, Won Jong Rhee
Summary: The study isolated Carex nanovesicles from carrots as a novel biomaterial with antioxidative function for cardiomyoblasts and neuroblastoma cells. Carex exhibited low cytotoxicity and significantly inhibited ROS generation and apoptosis, showing potential as a drug candidate for myocardial infarction and Parkinson's disease treatment.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jae Young You, Su Jin Kang, Won Jong Rhee
Summary: Studies on plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles from cabbage and red cabbage have shown promising biological functions and potential applications, demonstrating their wide utilization as novel therapeutic biomaterials.
BIOACTIVE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kyurim Paek, Seulha Kim, Sungho Tak, Min Kyeong Kim, Jubin Park, Seok Chung, Tai Hyun Park, Jeong Ah Kim
Summary: This study developed a high-throughput biomimetic bone-on-a-chip platform combined with an artificial intelligence-based image analysis system. The platform mimics the bone microenvironment and enables efficient drug screening and evaluation. It combines bone cells and extracellular matrix features to enhance osteogenic functions. The platform provides a transparent imaging window and supports high-throughput drug tests.
BIOENGINEERING & TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haneul Lee, Su Jin Kang, Jimin Lee, Kyong Hwa Park, Won Jong Rhee
Summary: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among men in developed countries, with high survival rates for early-stage diagnosis and low survival rates for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Current biomarkers for CRPC prognosis, such as prostate-specific antigens, have limitations. Therefore, it is important to identify new biomarkers. This study found that urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) can serve as potential markers for CRPC prognosis, with miR-21-5p, miR-574-3p, and miR-6880-5p showing promise as biomarkers. The analysis of urinary EVs contributes to fast and convenient prognosis of diseases, including CRPC, in the clinical setting.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Min Kyeong Kim, Kyurim Paek, Sang-Mi Woo, Jeong Ah Kim
Summary: With the increasing importance of preclinical evaluation of drugs or treatments, in vitro organ or disease models are necessary. However, bone-on-a-chip (BOC) systems that mimic the bone microenvironment are less developed. The development of biomimetic BOCs can be important for studying orthopedic diseases and predicting drug responses. In this article, recently engineered BOCs using microfluidic technologies are reviewed, along with various biomimetic strategies for biomedical applications. The limitations and challenges of current BOCs are also addressed.
ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Thuy Giang Nguyen Cao, Ji Hee Kang, Su Jin Kang, Quan Truong Hoang, Han Chang Kang, Won Jong Rhee, Yu Shrike Zhang, Young Tag Ko, Min Suk Shim
Summary: This study utilized brain endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a nano-carrier to transport photosensitizers into brain tumors, thereby enhancing the efficacy of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of malignant brain tumors.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Ji Yoon Lee, Soye Lee, Haneul Lee, Tham Truong Phuong Tran, Byoung Choul Kim, Won Jong Rhee
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in liquid biopsy for cancer, as they carry multiple biomarkers and circulate throughout the body. This study developed a method for simultaneous detection of EV surface proteins and internal miRNA in breast cancer liquid biopsy, which increased the detection signals by inducing the formation of EV clusters. This contributes to the sensitivity and accuracy of EV-based liquid biopsy for cancer.
ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Islam Seder, Hyomin Moon, Su Jin Kang, Sehyun Shin, Won Jong Rhee, Sung-Jin Kim
Summary: This study introduces a microfluidic device that can isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) with multiple size intervals in a simple and automated manner. By adjusting plunger speed, using a vertically movable plunger, and rotationally movable chip, high separation resolution and high-purity EVs were obtained. The device has potential applications in molecular analysis and EV-based biomarker discovery using various biofluids.
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Sumin Kim, Ji Hee Kang, Thuy Giang Nguyen Cao, Su Jin Kang, Kyeongsoo Jeong, Han Chang Kang, Young Jik Kwon, Won Jong Rhee, Young Tag Ko, Min Suk Shim
Summary: In this study, a novel nanocarrier based on extracellular vesicles (EVs) was developed for safe and effective cancer treatment. The results showed that this nanoplatform, through combination chemo/photothermal/photodynamic therapy, exhibited enhanced anticancer activity and improved drug accumulation.
BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Kyeongsoo Jeong, Yeong Jun Yu, Jae Young You, Won Jong Rhee, Jeong Ah Kim
