Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE
Volume 38, Issue 3, Pages 187-199Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2011.653426
Keywords
opioid dependence; detoxification; taper; naltrexone; naloxone; buprenorphine; methadone
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Background: Opioid dependence is a significant public health problem associated with high risk for relapse if treatment is not ongoing. While maintenance on opioid agonists (i.e., methadone, buprenorphine) often produces favorable outcomes, detoxification followed by treatment with the mu-opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone may offer a potentially useful alternative to agonist maintenance for some patients. Method: Treatment approaches for making this transition are described here based on a literature review and solicitation of opinions from several expert clinicians and scientists regarding patient selection, level of care, and detoxification strategies. Conclusion: Among the current detoxification regimens, the available clinical and scientific data suggest that the best approach may be using an initial 2-4 mg dose of buprenorphine combined with clonidine, other ancillary medications, and progressively increasing doses of oral naltrexone over 3-5 days up to the target dose of naltrexone. However, more research is needed to empirically validate the best approach for making this transition.
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