Review
Food Science & Technology
Adam Pierzgalski, Marcin Bryla, Joanna Kanabus, Marta Modrzewska, Grazyna Podolska
Summary: Mycotoxins, such as DON and ZEN, have detrimental effects on human and animal health by causing DNA damage, disrupting the cell cycle, and altering gene expression. These toxins can also impact neurotransmitters and modify DNA through various mechanisms, potentially contributing to the development of metabolic diseases.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Akram R. Alaboudi, Tareq M. Osaili, Ghaida Otoum
Summary: This study analyzed mycotoxin residues in imported frozen/local fresh chicken muscle and local fresh liver/kidney samples in Jordan. Differences in mycotoxin levels were observed among different samples, providing important information for food control authorities in Jordan to implement monitoring and control measures for mycotoxin residues.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Kondreddy Eswar Reddy, Minji Kim, Ki Hyun Kim, Sang Yun Ji, Youlchang Baek, Ju Lan Chun, Hyun Jung Jung, Changyong Choe, Hyun Jeong Lee, Minseok Kim, Sung Dae Lee
Summary: The mycotoxins DON and ZEN contaminated in pig feed impacted the cecum microbiota, with Lactobacillus and Bacteroides playing key roles in detoxification and enhancing host physiology. These results suggest that disturbances in intestinal microflora, like those caused by toxic effects of DON and ZEN, could potentially be treated by modulating the bacterial flora.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Tim Birr, Tolke Jensen, Nils Preusske, Frank D. Sonnichsen, Marthe De Boevre, Sarah De Saeger, Mario Hasler, Joseph-Alexander Verreet, Holger Klink
Summary: The study found that forage maize in Northern Germany is often contaminated by multiple Fusarium mycotoxins, with high levels of DON and ZEN and the presence of their modified forms. The results demonstrate the significant contribution of modified mycotoxins to overall mycotoxin contamination in forage maize, highlighting the importance of including analysis of modified mycotoxins in future monitoring programs.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ratthaphol Charlermroj, Sudtida Phuengwas, Manlika Makornwattana, Thanasat Sooksimuang, Somboon Sahasithiwat, Waraporn Panchan, Wannee Sukbangnop, Christopher T. Elliott, Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri
Summary: This study combined the multiplexity of microarray technique and the simple and rapid characteristics of LFIA to enable simultaneous and quantitative detection of five mycotoxins. With the optimal conditions, the mu LFIA could accurately and quantitatively detect multiple mycotoxins at the same time. Combining the advantages of the novel reporter molecule and the multiplex capability of mu LFIA test, this system could simultaneously detect multiple mycotoxins in one sample with high specificity and sensitivity.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Johan S. Saenz, Alina Kurz, Ursula Ruczizka, Moritz Buenger, Maximiliane Dippel, Veronika Nagl, Bertrand Grenier, Andrea Ladinig, Jana Seifert, Evelyne Selberherr
Summary: Feeding animals with high concentrations of mycotoxins altered the gut microbiome composition, with an increase in Actinobacteria peptides and a decrease in Firmicutes peptides, as well as an increase in proteins associated with ribosomes and pentose-phosphate pathways, and a decrease in glycolysis and other carbohydrate metabolism pathways. Additionally, high levels of mycotoxins increased the abundance of the antioxidant enzyme thioredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxin, leading to disruption in the gut microbiome structure.
Review
Agronomy
Aksel Bernhoft, Juan Wang, Carlo Leifert
Summary: Fusarium mycotoxins in cereals pose significant health problems worldwide. Organic cereals have been found to have lower incidence and concentrations of Fusarium mycotoxins compared to conventional cereals. Diverse crop rotations and high soil organic matter content/biological activity can reduce the risk of Fusarium mycotoxin contamination in cereal crops.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alina Mihalcea, Sonia Amariei
Summary: Crops can be contaminated by fungi producing mycotoxins, with over 400 different mycotoxins described so far. This study evaluates the prevalence of mycotoxins in corn and corn-derived products in Romania. Fumonisins were found to be the most prevalent mycotoxin, while zearalenone had the lowest presence. The levels of these mycotoxins were within the legal limits.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Omeralfaroug Ali, Miklos Mezes, Krisztian Balogh, Melinda Kovacs, Andras Szabo
Summary: This study showed that intake of fumonisins and mixed fusariotoxins had effects on the growth and feed conversion ratio of piglets, altering the membrane lipid profile and antioxidant defense of organs, leading to renal injury.
Article
Food Science & Technology
S. A. Palacios, A. Del Canto, J. Erazo, A. M. Torres
Summary: This study evaluated the aggressiveness of F. cerealis to durum wheat cultivars and mycotoxin production in planta, finding that all cultivars exhibited typical FHB symptoms and NIV was the most produced mycotoxin. Molecular analysis revealed all strains possessed NIV genotype, while chemical assessment showed they could produce various secondary metabolites. The increasing incidence of F. cerealis and the potential crop contamination with mycotoxins pose great concern for food security and world cereal trade, especially given the higher toxicity of NIV compared to DON.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Panagiotis D. Tassis, Nicole Reisinger, Veronika Nagl, Eleni Tzika, Dian Schatzmayr, Nikolaos Mittas, Athina Basioura, Ilias Michos, Ioannis A. Tsakmakidis
Summary: Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) have negative effects on boar fertility. Modified forms of DON and ZEN, such as de-epoxy-DON (DOM-1) and hydrolyzed ZEN (HZEN), have less impact on swine reproduction. In vitro experiments showed that DON negatively affected specific parameters of boar semen, while DOM-1 had no harmful effects. ZEN, on the other hand, affected almost all parameters and decreased viable spermatozoa while increasing abnormal spermatozoa.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jessica Cristina Zoratto Romoli, Milena Veronezi Silva, Giseli Cristina Pante, Danielle Hoeltgebaum, Juliana Cristina Castro, Gustavo Henrique Oliveira da Rocha, Isis Regina Grenier Capoci, Samuel Botiao Nerilo, Simone Aparecida Galerani Mossini, Eduardo Micotti da Gloria, Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski, Jane Martha Graton Mikcha, Miguel Machinski Junior
Summary: The study found that thyme and ginger essential oils showed the most potent inhibitory effects on DON and ZEA, making them potential alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the future.
FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Debora Muratori Holanda, Young Ihn Kim, Wanpuech Parnsen, Sung Woo Kim
Summary: The combination of mycotoxins and phytobiotics negatively impacted the growth performance and hepatic function of pigs, but phytobiotics with adsorbent were able to partially mitigate the detrimental effects of mycotoxins.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hua Cui, Songshan Wang, Xu Yang, Wei Zhang, Mengze Chen, Yu Wu, Sen Li, Li Li, Di Cai, Baoyuan Guo, Jin Ye, Songxue Wang
Summary: Reliable prediction of mycotoxin contamination in post-harvest wheat is crucial for improving its quality and safety. The study found that water activity plays a significant role in the relationship between mycotoxins and CO2 production. Prediction models for DON and ZEN contamination were established based on CO2 concentration, moisture content, and temperature. These models, combined with multi-parameter integrated sensors, formed an early warning system to minimize the risk of mycotoxin contamination in post-harvest wheat.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Aldrey Nathalia Ribeiro Correa, Cristiano Dietrich Ferreira
Summary: This article introduces the regulations and maximum tolerated limits for mycotoxins in Brazil, and discusses the findings of recent studies indicating that several grains intended for human consumption in Brazil exceed the mycotoxins limits. The co-occurrence of mycotoxins in different grains grown in Brazil is also addressed.
FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Despoina Georgaki, Femke Vandael, Helena Cardoso de Carvalho Ferreira, Maria Eleni Filippitzi, Patrick De Backer, Mathias Devreese, Jeroen Dewulf, Siska Croubels
Summary: This study conducted a qualitative risk assessment to estimate the risks associated with reduced homogeneity and stability, as well as increased residual concentrations of antimicrobial drugs in medicated feed and drinking water on pig farms. Factors such as human error during the preparation of medicated feed and dosing pump type for medicated drinking water were found to pose moderate to high risks. It is crucial to identify and understand these factors in order to ensure the effectiveness and safety of antimicrobial drug treatment.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Andrea Barbi, Tess Goessens, Diederik Strubbe, Arne Deknock, Robby Van Leeuwenberg, Niels De Troyer, Elin Verbrugghe, Mark Greener, Siegrid De Baere, Luc Lens, Peter Goethals, An Martel, Siska Croubels, Frank Pasmans
Summary: The sixth mass extinction is caused by various negative impacts on biodiversity. This study examines the interaction between two widespread factors contributing to amphibian declines: the fungal disease chytridiomycosis and the use of antifungal agents in agriculture. Field monitoring in agricultural landscapes shows the presence of triazole fungicides in amphibian ponds, and the application of epoxiconazole correlates negatively with chytrid infections in newts. Although the triazole concentrations in the ponds do not inhibit the growth of Batrachochytrium dendrobatids, they accumulate in the newts' skin, resulting in growth-suppressing concentrations. Consequently, a concentration of epoxiconazole, even ten times lower than the growth-inhibiting level, prevents chytrid infection in anuran tadpoles. The widespread presence of triazoles may therefore alter chytrid dynamics in agricultural landscapes.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sarah de Jager, Stefaan Van Damme, Siegrid De Baere, Siska Croubels, Ralf Jager, Martin Purpura, Eline Lievens, Jan G. Bourgois, Wim Derave
Summary: This study investigated whether acute balenine supplementation improves physical performance in four maximal and submaximal exercise modalities. The results showed that balenine supplementation did not enhance peak power, peak torque, time to complete the 4 km, nor 20 km time trial. It also had no effect on acid-base balance, glucose concentration, and mental performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
David Kemboi, Gunther Antonissen, Phillis Ochieng, Siska Croubels, Siegrid De Baere, Marie-Louise Scippo, Sheila Okoth, Erastus Kangethe, Johannes Faas, Barbara Doupovec, Johanna Lindahl, James Gathumbi
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of bentonite and fumonisin esterase in mitigating the effects of aflatoxins and fumonisins in cattle. The experiments involved measuring mycotoxins, metabolites, and biomarkers related to animal health, productivity, and food safety. The results showed that bentonite effectively decreased AFM1 concentration in milk, while fumonisin esterase converted FUM into less toxic metabolites.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Tessa Dehau, Marc Cherlet, Siska Croubels, Filip van Immerseel, Evy Goossens
Summary: Dietary additives, such as berberine, are used to reduce intestinal inflammation in the broiler industry. This study investigated the effects of berberine on gut microbiota and gut health in chickens. Berberine was found to improve gut morphology and decrease inflammation, and it also influenced the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota. The study suggests that berberine supplementation at an optimal dose can be beneficial for chicken gut health.
Article
Fisheries
Quang Vinh Pham, Quoc Thinh Nguyen, Mathias Devreese, Siska Croubels, Thi Hoang Oanh Dang, Anders Dalsgaard, Masashi Maita, Minh Phu Tran
Summary: By administering florfenicol through oral gavage, the rapid elimination of the drug was observed in striped catfish, with an elimination half-life of 2.56 hours. Florfenicol amine was detected in liver and kidney tissue. Calculation of the time that the concentration remains above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T > MIC) indicated a potential therapeutic effect on bacillary necrosis if the dosing interval is 12 hours. The withdrawal time of florfenicol in striped catfish muscle was determined to be two days (or 39 degree days) in tank-rearing conditions and four days (or 112 degree days) in pond-rearing conditions through feeding trials with medicated feed.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Katrien Rysman, Venessa Eeckhaut, Siska Croubels, Brecht Maertens, Filip Van Immerseel
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate oral iohexol administration and serum levels as a quantitative measure for intestinal permeability (IP) in broilers, and to assess their correlation with histologic measurements. The results showed that broilers challenged with Eimeria had significantly higher concentrations of serum iohexol, which were positively correlated with histologic parameters (villus length, crypt depth, and villus-to-crypt ratio). This suggests that iohexol may be used as a marker for assessing gut permeability in broilers under Eimeria challenge.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Andree De Cock, Marie Anne Eurie Forio, Siska Croubels, Luis Dominguez-Granda, Liesbeth Jacxsens, Carl Lachat, Heydi Roa-Lopez, Jenny Ruales, Victoria Scheyvaerts, Michelle Carolina Solis Hidalgo, Pieter Spanoghe, Filip M. G. Tack, Peter L. M. Goethals
Summary: Mangrove forests are endangered ecosystems that provide vital food resources. A risk-benefit assessment was conducted on the red mangrove crab to determine the potential health impacts of consumption and establish a safe intake recommendation. The results showed that the crab contains important nutrients and can be part of a balanced diet.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junhua Xie, Freddy Haesebrouck, Lien Van Hoecke, Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
Summary: Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) have been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This article thoroughly discusses the contribution of bEVs in disease pathogenesis, their potential as diagnostic biomarkers, and their application as therapeutic targets.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Francisco Cortez Nunes, Emily Taillieu, Teresa Letra Mateus, Silvia Teixeira, Freddy Haesebrouck, Irina Amorim
Summary: This study aimed to assess the presence of antibiotic resistance genes previously reported in Helicobacter pylori in gastric samples from 36 pigs where DNA of H. pylori-like organisms had been detected. Based on PCR and sequencing analysis, two samples were positive for the 16S rRNA mutation gene conferring tetracycline resistance, and one sample was positive for the frxA gene conferring metronidazole resistance. These findings indicate the potential occurrence of acquired antimicrobial resistance in H. pylori-like organisms associated with pigs.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Phillis Emelda Ochieng, Siska Croubels, David Kemboi, Sheila Okoth, Siegrid De Baere, Etienne Cavalier, Erastus Kang'ethe, Johannes Faas, Barbara Doupovec, James Gathumbi, Caroline Douny, Marie-Louise Scippo, Johanna F. Lindahl, Gunther Antonissen
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of different contaminated diets on the performance and health of broiler chickens, as well as the efficacy of two detoxifiers in mitigating the effects of these mycotoxins. The results showed that both detoxifiers were effective in counteracting the negative effects of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisins.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Leonie Dopavogui, Marion Regnier, Arnaud Polizzi, Quentin Ponchon, Sarra Smati, Wendy Klement, Frederic Lasserre, Celine Lukowicz, Yannick Lippi, Anne Fougerat, Justine Bertrand-Michel, Claire Naylies, Cecile Canlet, Laurent Debrauwer, Elodie Rousseau-Bacquie, Laurence Gamet-Payrastre, Charlene Dauriat, Josefina Casas, Siska Croubels, Siegrid De Baere, Hester M. Burger, Benoit Chassaing, Sandrine Ellero-Simatos, Herve Guillou, Isabelle P. Oswald, Nicolas Loiseau
Summary: Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation and can lead to various long-term complications. This study explored whether obesity influences sensitivity to the food contaminant FB1, particularly in relation to gut health and hepatotoxicity. The results showed that combined exposure to a high-fat diet and FB1 in obese mice resulted in weight loss, decreased blood glucose levels, gut dysbiosis, increased plasma FB1 levels, decreased liver weight, hepatic steatosis, and liver inflammation. These findings suggest that FB1 exposure promotes gut dysbiosis and severe liver inflammation in the context of obesity.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sofie Rutjens, Nick Vereecke, Jannes Sauer, Siska Croubels, Mathias Devreese
Summary: Cephalosporins have great concern on their effect on the fecal microbiome and potential spread of resistance-associated genes. This study investigates the impact of ceftiofur and cefquinome on the porcine microbiome and resistome using sequencing methods. Ceftiofur treatment results in an increase in Proteobacteria members at the microbiome level, while cefquinome treatment affects more genera on the genus level. Both treatments temporarily affect the resistome, but it returns to control levels after 21 days. These findings contribute to better understanding and tailoring of treatment strategies for bacterial infections.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Julianah Olayemi Odukoya, Sarah De Saeger, Marthe De Boevre, Gabriel Olaniran Adegoke, Frank Devlieghere, Siska Croubels, Gunther Antonissen, Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo, Sefater Gbashi, Johnson Oluwaseun Odukoya, Patrick Berka Njobeh
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different traditional fermentation processes on mycotoxin reduction and metabolite profiles in maize. The results showed that cold and Goun fermentation techniques were effective in reducing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) concentrations below the European Union limit. The metabolomics analysis revealed that ogi produced using cold and Fon fermentation processes had the highest number of important compounds, while the Goun fermentation process had the fewest compounds.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS FOR HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mateusz Malik, Koen Chiers, Sebastiaan Theuns, Nick Vereecke, Ilias Chantziaras, Siska Croubels, Dominiek Maes
Summary: Porcine ear necrosis (PEN) is a disease characterized by ulcerative lesions of the ear auricle. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of pathogens and mycotoxins in PEN. Three farms with PEN in nursery pigs were included, and the prevalence and severity of PEN were monitored. Results showed that PEN lesions appeared within 3-4 weeks post-weaning, with a prevalence ranging from 33% to 46%. Most affected pigs had mild to moderate lesions, primarily observed in the outer layer of the epidermis. The study suggests that PEN lesions develop due to damage to the outer part of the skin and the multiplication of opportunistic pathogens.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2023)