Journal
TOXINS
Volume 2, Issue 6, Pages 1318-1335Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/toxins2061318
Keywords
Shiga toxin; nucleolar trafficking; intestinal epithelial cells
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Funding
- NIH [RO1 DK58928, R24 DK064388]
- Hopkins Center for Epithelial Disorders
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Shiga toxin (Stx) produced by the invasive Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (S. dysenteriae1) causes gastrointestinal and kidney complications. It has been assumed that Stx is released intracellularly after enterocyte invasion by S. dysenteriae1. However, there is little information about Stx distribution inside S. dysenteriae1-infected enterocytes. Here, we use intestinal epithelial T84 cells to characterize the trafficking of Stx delivered into the cytosol, in ways that mimic aspects of S. dysenteriae1 infection. We find that cytoplasmic Stx is transported into nucleoli. Stx nucleolar movement is carrier-and energy-dependent. Stx binding to the nucleoli of normal human enterocytes in vitro supports possible roles for nucleolar trafficking in toxin-induced intestinal pathology.
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