Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Kelley Arredondo, Hilary N. Touchett, Sundas Khan, Matthew Vincenti, Bradley V. Watts
Summary: Access to healthcare is a major challenge in rural communities, with a shortage of physicians. Various programs and incentives have been implemented to address this issue, but more research is needed to understand the types and effectiveness of these incentives. This study aims to review the literature and identify current incentive programs in rural physician shortage areas.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Dave Osthus
Summary: Infectious disease forecasting is a growing field that can enhance public health by providing accurate information and flexible predictive models.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Amy L. Leber, Ellena Peterson, Jennifer Dien Bard
Summary: The COVID pandemic has highlighted the importance of laboratory medicine and the critical shortage of trained laboratory personnel. The need for laboratory professionals is expected to grow by 11% by 2030. Proposed actions to address this issue include increasing awareness of the medical laboratory science profession and providing more training opportunities. Recent survey data shows that 80% of microbiology laboratories have vacant positions due to a lack of qualified applicants.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shengzhi Sun, Jiajia Wang, Wangnan Cao, Lizhi Wu, Yu Tian, Feng Sun, Zhenyu Zhang, Yang Ge, Jianqiang Du, Xiaobo Li, Rui Chen
Summary: This study found an association between maternal exposure to ozone and restricted fetal growth in term singleton births in the United States, with the identified critical exposure windows occurring during the 13th-25th gestational weeks.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Steven A. Abrams, Christopher P. Duggan
Summary: An acute shortage of infant formulas in the United States, especially specialized formulas for infants and children with specific medical conditions, has caused distress for numerous families. Interventions are proposed to prevent future occurrences and restore confidence in the safety and reliability of infant formulas.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Chirag Shah, Pranshu Mohindra, Anna Arnone, James Edward Bates, Malcolm D. Mattes, Shauna Campbell, Hiral P. Fontanilla, Austin J. Sim, Hadley J. Sharp, Patrick Kelly, Constantine Mantz, Thomas Eichler, Howard Sandler, Emma Fields, Chelsea C. Pinnix, Neha Vapiwala, Bruce Haffty
Summary: In the past decade, there has been concern in radiation oncology about a potential imbalance between workforce supply and demand. An independent analysis commissioned by the American Society for Radiation Oncology has projected the future supply and demand trends in the United States radiation oncology workforce for 2025 and 2030. The results showed a relative balance between supply and demand, driven by the growth of Medicare beneficiaries and changes in work productivity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Howard H. Garrison, Timothy J. Ley
Summary: Physician-scientists play a valuable role in the biomedical workforce. This report examines the changes in the physician-scientist workforce from 2011-2020 and identifies positive trends such as increased enrollments in MD-PhD programs and rising interest in research careers among medical students. However, concerns remain about decreased interest in research careers among graduating medical students and the stability of the career path.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Amelia M. Bond, Lawrence P. Casalino, Ming Tai-Seale, Mark Aaron Unruh, Manyao Zhang, Yuting Qian, Richard Kronick
Summary: Medical groups are concerned about physician turnover and its impact on patient access and care quality. A study found that physician turnover rates increased from 2010 to 2014, stabilized in 2017, and slightly increased in 2018. There were also differences in turnover rates based on location, specialty, and patient characteristics. Data from the first 3 quarters of 2020 showed lower turnover rates compared to the same period in 2019. Rating: 8/10
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yingying Liu, Mengmeng Yan
Summary: This study explored the association between physical activity (PA) and PM2.5-attributable cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality trends across the United States at the state level. The findings suggest that increased physical activity is correlated with increased PM2.5-attributable CVD mortality. This highlights the need to consider PM2.5 exposure during physical activity to mitigate adverse cardiovascular health impacts. However, further research is needed to establish causality and underlying mechanisms in this relationship.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chun Chieh Lin, Brian C. Callaghan, James F. Burke, Lesli E. Skolarus, Chloe E. Hill, Brandon Magliocco, Gregory J. Esper, Kevin A. Kerber
Summary: The density of neurologists varies significantly by region, but the prevalence of neurologic conditions does not. As the supply of neurologists increases, access to neurologist care for certain conditions (such as dementia, pain, and stroke) increases much more than for others (Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis).
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sanjay Basu, Russell S. Phillips, Seth A. Berkowitz, Bruce E. Landon, Asaf Bitton, Robert L. Phillips
Summary: The study suggests that increasing the density of primary care physicians in counties with fewer PCPs per population could substantially improve life expectancy. Increasing the number of PCPs above certain thresholds in low-density counties is associated with increased life expectancy and would require additional physicians per shortage county.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Leslie Sanchez, Travis Warziniack, Michael Knowles
Summary: Socially vulnerable populations in the United States bear the highest costs of water scarcity, but prior research has only focused on singular dimensions of vulnerability, leaving an incomplete understanding of the national scope of shortage risks. This study combines data on water shortages with the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) to identify hotspots of high shortage and vulnerability across the country. The study found that approximately 15 million people in the lower 48 states live in high-SVI, high-shortage areas. Water shortages disproportionately affect socially vulnerable groups, but the specific dimensions of vulnerability vary across regions and hotspots, requiring tailored adaptation strategies.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Vijay Kodumudi, Christian Gronbeck, Robert T. Brodell, Jane M. Grant-Kels, Eliot N. Mostow, Hao Feng
Summary: This CME series examines the characteristics and ongoing changes in the dermatology workforce, exploring the causes and implications of recent changes. It also discusses the impact of these workforce dynamics on patient access, outcomes, and satisfaction, and presents potential solutions for improving care for underserved groups and the broader dermatologic patient population.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
Shahzad Shaefi, Ameeka Pannu, Ariel L. Mueller, Brigid Flynn, Adam Evans, Craig S. Jabaley, Domagoj Mladinov, Michael Wall, Shahla Siddiqui, David J. Douin, M. Dustin Boone, Erika Monteith, Vivian Abalama, Mark E. Nunnally, Miguel Cobas, Matthew A. Warner, Robert D. Stevens
Summary: This study surveyed critical care anesthesiologists in the United States to evaluate their clinical practice patterns, including compensation, types of ICUs covered, overnight ICU coverage models, and relationships between these factors. The study found significant variability in practice patterns, with female anesthesiologists reporting lower salaries but not statistically significant. These survey data can inform decision-making for the initiation and expansion of critical care services, staffing patterns, and further research on intensivist satisfaction and burnout.
ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
Mehreen Malik, Fauzia Anis Khan
Summary: This study investigated the issue of anesthetic drug shortages among anesthesiologists in Pakistan. It found that approximately 50% of anesthesia practitioners reported shortages of anesthetic drugs, which had a negative impact on patient care and safety, and in some cases, resulted in severe morbidity and mortality.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jacek K. Urbanek, David L. Roth, Marta Karas, Amal A. Wanigatunga, Christine M. Mitchell, Stephen P. Juraschek, Yurun Cai, Lawrence J. Appel, Jennifer A. Schrack
Summary: This study compared traditional laboratory-based measures of mobility with free-living gait cadence in predicting fall rates. The results showed that free-living cadence was significantly related to fall rates, while clinic-based measures of mobility were not. This suggests that data collected from biosensors in the free-living environment may provide a more sensitive indicator of fall risk.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Alexander R. Chang, Lauren Gummo, Christina Yule, Heather Bonaparte, Charlotte Collins, Allison Naylor, Lawrence J. Appel, Stephen P. Juraschek, Lisa Bailey-Davis
Summary: The study showed that remote health and lifestyle behavior change delivered through web-based applications can help reduce blood pressure. Interventions led by dietitians resulted in greater improvements in secondary cardiometabolic outcomes.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sun Young Jeong, Christina C. Wee, Lara C. Kovell, Timothy B. Plante, Edgar R. Miller, Lawrence J. Appel, Kenneth J. Mukamal, Stephen P. Juraschek
Summary: Compared with a typical American diet, both the DASH and fruits and vegetables (F/V) diets can reduce 10-year ASCVD risk scores by about 10% over 8 weeks.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Stephen P. Juraschek, Lawrence J. Appel, Lewis A. Lipsitz, Edgar R. Miller
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Ruth-Alma N. Turkson-Ocran, Jennifer L. Cluett, Stephanie L. Fitzpatrick, Kristen M. Kraemer, Kathy McManus, Kenneth J. Mukamal, Roger B. Davis, Marwa Elborki, Kayla Ferro, Norah Ismail, Emily Laura Aidoo, Fredrick Larbi Kwapong, Noelle Castilla-Ojo, Ben Grobman, Reva Seager, Anika L. Hines, Edgar R. Miller, Deidra C. Crews, Stephen P. Juraschek
Summary: This study aims to test whether online, dietitian-assisted, home-delivered, DASH-patterned groceries can lower blood pressure among Black adults with elevated blood pressure. The study will enroll 176 Black adults and randomly assign them to receive assistance in ordering DASH-patterned groceries online or a monthly stipend. The findings will inform scalable interventions to prevent hypertension among Black adults.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Mingyu Zhang, Stephen P. Juraschek
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Ben Grobman, Ruth-Alma N. Turkson-Ocran, Jan A. Staessen, Yu-Ling Yu, Lewis A. Lipsitz, Kenneth J. Mukamal, Stephen P. Juraschek
Summary: Using data from the Syst-Eur trial, this study examined the effect of hypertension treatment on the incidence of orthostatic hypotension based on different body positions. The results showed that active hypertension treatment did not increase the risk of orthostatic hypotension, regardless of the testing protocol used.
Letter
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Stephen P. Juraschek, Natalie A. Bello, Alexander R. Chang, Jennifer L. Cluett, Karen A. Griffin, Alan Hinderliter, Kenneth J. Mukamal, Long H. Ngo, Ruth-Alma N. Turkson-Ocran, Raven Voora, Wanpen Vongpatanasin
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Caitlin W. Hicks, Dan Wang, Natalie Daya, Stephen P. Juraschek, Kunihiro Matsushita, B. Gwen Windham, Elizabeth Selvin
Summary: This study found that peripheral neuropathy (PN) detected by monofilament testing is common in older adults, even in the absence of diabetes. These individuals have an increased risk of falls and fractures. Therefore, screening with monofilament testing may help identify older adults at high risk for falls.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jennifer A. Schrack, Yurun Cai, Jacek K. Urbanek, Amal A. Wanigatunga, Christine M. Mitchell, Edgar R. Miller III, Jack M. Guralnik, Stephen P. Juraschek, Erin D. Michos, David L. Roth, Lawrence J. Appel
Summary: This study aimed to assess whether vitamin D-3 supplementation could attenuate the decline in daily physical activity in low-functioning older adults. The results showed that supplementation with 1000 IU/day or higher of vitamin D-3 did not attenuate the decline in physical activity compared to 200 IU/day. Individuals with baseline serum 25(OH)D levels < 20 ng/mL experienced accelerated declines in physical activity.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Claire V. V. Meyerovitz, Stephen P. P. Juraschek, Didem Ayturk, Tiffany A. Moore A. Simas, Sharina D. D. Person, Stephenie C. C. Lemon, David D. D. McManus, Lara C. C. Kovell
Summary: This study examined the social determinants of health and blood pressure control among US women of childbearing age with hypertension. The results showed that Black women had poorer hypertension control compared to White women, while no difference was observed among Asian and Hispanic women. Additionally, lower levels of food security were found among Black and Hispanic women. Further investigation is needed to understand the factors beyond the measured social determinants of health contributing to the inequity in hypertension control among Black women.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui, Sui Zhang, Natalie Daya, John W. McEvoy, Olive Tang, Stephen P. Juraschek, Chiadi E. Ndumele, Josef Coresh, Robert H. Christenson, Elizabeth Selvin
Summary: NT-proBNP is strongly associated with mortality in patients with heart failure. In a representative sample of the US adult population, NT-proBNP was an important independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality, and may be useful for monitoring risk in the general adult population.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Noelle Castilla-Ojo, Ruth-Alma Turkson-Ocran, Paul R. Conlin, Lawrence J. Appel, Edgar R. Miller III, Stephen P. Juraschek
Summary: The DASH diet significantly decreased serum urate levels in participants with higher urate at baseline, while losartan significantly reduced serum urate, especially among younger adults.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jiun-Ruey Hu, Dae Yong Park, Nikita Agarwal, Matthew Herzig, George Ormseth, Milan Kaushik, Duc M. Giao, Ruth-Alma N. Turkson-Ocran, Stephen P. Juraschek
Summary: This review discusses the impact of blood pressure fluctuations on cardiovascular disease, syncope, and premature death, and their potential in tailored hypertension treatment. Current cuff-based blood pressure devices are unable to capture the full range of blood pressure variability across different activities and contexts, while cuffless wearable blood pressure devices offer the promise of continuous, noninvasive measurement.
CURRENT CARDIOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Voravech Nissaisorakarn, George Ormseth, William Earle, Martha Catalina Morales-Alvarez, Swapnil Hiremath, Stephen P. P. Juraschek
Summary: Hypertension is a major worldwide medical condition that contributes to chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and death. Nonpharmacological, population-level interventions are crucial for prevention, but there is ongoing debate on which strategies to prioritize. The Salt Substitute and Stroke Study demonstrated the efficacy of substituting table salt with potassium salt, sparking discussions on whether sodium or potassium should be the focus in countries where salt substitution is less feasible. This commentary summarizes arguments for both reduced sodium and increased potassium intake strategies, and highlights the importance of considering cultural context in policy approaches.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
