Article
Cell Biology
Traci L. L. Parry, Louisa Tichy, Jason T. T. Brantley
Summary: Cancer cachexia is a common metabolic wasting syndrome in cancer patients, and there is currently no clear diagnostic criteria for it. Aerobic exercise has been shown to slow down its development and attenuate muscle loss. However, the optimal timing, duration, and intensity of exercise as a protective measure against cancer cachexia are still debated.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hyun-Doo Moon, Han-Gyeol Choi, Kyong-Joon Lee, Dong-Jun Choi, Hyun-Jin Yoo, Yong-Seuk Lee
Summary: A deep learning model was developed to predict the weight bearing line (WBL) ratio using knee standing AP alone, achieving comparable accuracy to primary physicians in assessing lower limb alignment. This model could serve as the basis for developing an automated lower limb alignment assessment tool for use in primary clinics.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pengyu Fu, Lijing Gong, Luyao Yang, Shuning Tang, Fangyuan Ma
Summary: This study aimed to explore the alleviation of muscle atrophy by weight-bearing training with increasing age via inhibition of pyroptosis. The results showed that weight-bearing training can improve body composition, alleviate muscle atrophy, and play a role in muscle protein metabolism by inhibiting pyroptosis.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yu-Hsun Lo, Wen-Yi Chou, Ke-Tien Yen, Chia-Feng Wu, Ya-Ju Yang
Summary: The study compared the outcomes of a novel beginning movement load training (BMLT) and conventional leg press training on lower-extremity stability. Results showed that the BMLT group had better dynamic stability and overall stability compared to the control group, indicating a potential superiority of BMLT in improving stability.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Junyi Zhou
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the difference in saccadic eye movements between skilled and less skilled Chinese female adolescent soccer players using the prosaccade task. The results showed that skilled soccer players exhibited shorter saccade latency, decreased variability of saccade latency, and higher spatial accuracy of saccade compared to their less skilled counterparts. These findings suggest that cognitive capacities vary as a function of soccer players' skill levels.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
David J. Kempfert, Katy Mitchell, Wayne Brewer, Christina Bickley, Garrett Mandel
Summary: The study found good to excellent intra-rater reliability of elasticity measures in non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing situations for lower leg muscles using SWE, while inter-rater reliability varied from moderate to good for non-weight-bearing measures and poor to good for weight-bearing measures.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND KINESIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Christian Rominger, Bernhard Weber, Alice Aldrian, Lisa Berger, Andreas R. Schwerdtfeger
Summary: The research indicates that 16-hour voluntary fasting can increase cardiac interoceptive accuracy and is accompanied by changes in vagal function, with stronger effects on vagally-mediated heart rate variability correlating with higher interoceptive accuracy in the heartbeat tracking task. The fasting-associated changes in interoceptive accuracy in both tasks were significantly associated, suggesting that these tasks are suitable to track changes in cardiac interoception.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Kristian M. Jones, Eric S. Wallace, Steve R. Otto
Summary: The study examined the relationship between movement style, center of pressure, and golf performance. The analysis of center of pressure paths of 104 amateur golfers' driver and 5-iron shots revealed that the discrete method resulted in two-cluster solutions, showcasing front-foot and reverse center of pressure styles. However, a continuous principal component analysis illustrated that these clusters were not well separated, supporting the idea of a multidimensional continuum. The analysis also found a strong correlation between center of pressure styles and handicap as well as clubhead speed, suggesting that golfers with lower handicap and faster swing speed tend to display a front-foot center of pressure style.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Akinori Kaneguchi, Atsuhiro Shimoe, Momoka Hayakawa, Akira Takahashi, Kaoru Yamaoka, Junya Ozawa
Summary: We investigated the impact of weight bearing on muscle atrophy in rats after ACL reconstruction, finding that weight bearing can reduce atrophy in the rectus femoris and gastrocnemius, while unloading exacerbates gastrocnemius atrophy. Morphine administration partially prevents gastrocnemius atrophy. Additionally, gene expression analysis revealed that ACL reconstruction downregulates insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the gastrocnemius, while unloading decreases IGF-1 expression and increases atrogin-1 expression. Morphine attenuates the downregulation of IGF-1. These findings suggest that early weight bearing is effective for reducing gastrocnemius muscle atrophy after ACL reconstruction.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Emily I. McIntosh, Lori Ann Vallis
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate balance responses to weight shifting during walking and explore age-related changes in movement and strength. Findings showed that young adults had faster lateral COM velocities, males completed tasks quicker than females, and having knowledge about movement direction enabled quicker responses for all participants.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Thierry Paillard
Summary: Frail older subjects limit physical activity to reduce fall risk, but this leads to muscle deterioration and increased risk. Reconditioning programs focusing on muscle strength, especially lower-limb muscles, are crucial to breaking this vicious cycle and improving postural balance. Evaluation of the relationship between muscle strength and postural balance in rehabilitation programs for frail older subjects is necessary for further advancement in this field.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giorgia Sollai, Roberto Crnjar
Summary: Physical activities can counteract the decline of olfactory function, which influences food choices and eating behavior, thereby affecting body weight. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between olfactory function and BMI in elderly individuals, based on their levels of physical, cognitive, and social activities. The results showed that overweight individuals with a non-active lifestyle had lower olfactory scores and higher BMI compared to those with a normal weight and an active lifestyle. Sex differences were evident, with females outperforming males in non-activity, hyposmia, or overweight conditions. There were inverse correlations between BMI and olfactory score, as well as between BMI and hours/week spent on physical activities, for both females and males. These findings suggest that a higher BMI is associated with olfactory dysfunction, lifestyle, and sex differences, and that hyposmia is related to increased body weight. The relationship between BMI and non-exercise physical activities is comparable to that between BMI and exercise physical activities, which is particularly important for individuals with limited mobility.
Article
Physiology
Seongkyun Lim, J. William Deaver, Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell, Wesley S. Haynie, Francielly Morena da Silva, Ana Regina Cabrera, Eleanor R. Schrems, Landen W. Saling, Lisa T. Jansen, Kirsten R. Dunlap, Michael P. Wiggs, Tyrone A. Washington, Nicholas P. Greene
Summary: This study aims to investigate muscle alterations in cancer cachexia (CC) in female tumor-bearing mice. The findings show significant changes including protein degradation, impaired muscle contractility, and mitochondrial degeneration in tumor-bearing mice.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pangdra Vang, Cory W. Baumann, Rebecca Barok, Alexie A. Larson, Brendan J. Dougherty, Dawn A. Lowe
Summary: The study explores the impact of estrogen decline on Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) symptoms in female carriers. While estrogen deficiency has minimal effect on skeletal muscle contractile function in female mdx mice, it plays an important role in muscle recovery after injury.
Article
Neurosciences
Issei Ogasawara, Noriaki Hattori, Gajanan S. Revankar, Shoji Konda, Yuki Uno, Tomohito Nakano, Yuta Kajiyama, Hideki Mochizuki, Ken Nakata
Summary: The study aimed to identify the origin of a dystonic movement abnormality using three-dimensional kinematic analysis and electromyographic assessment during treadmill running. The findings suggested that the runner's symptom was likely a form of segmental dystonia originating from impaired control of hip and pelvis, rather than distal focal ankle dystonia. It is crucial to deconstruct the symptom origin from its secondary compensatory movement for individualized symptom assessment.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Rehabilitation
Shauna Dudley-Javoroski, Jinhyun Lee, Richard K. Shields
Summary: This study aims to investigate the correlations between aging, cognitive impairment, and quality of life (QOL) in individuals with and without spinal cord injury (SCI). The results showed that individuals with SCI had lower global QOL, particularly in domains related to physical function and symptoms, but higher QOL in positive affect/well-being and resilience. There were no significant differences in cognitive function between SCI and non-SCI individuals, but strong correlations between age and cognition were absent in SCI. Significant correlations between cognition and QOL were prevalent for non-SCI individuals but not for those with SCI.
PHYSIOTHERAPY THEORY AND PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Michael Petrie, Kristin Johnson, Patrick McCue, Richard K. Shields
Summary: FMRI studies show that neuromuscular electrical stimulation can enhance learning by modulating the excitability of the somatosensory cortex. The electrical stimulation group demonstrated additional learning beyond practice during a weight-bearing task.
JOURNAL OF MOTOR BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Leslie R. Morse, Edelle C. Field-Fote, Jose Contreras-Vidal, Linda J. Noble-Haeusslein, Matthew Rodreick, Richard K. Shields, Michael Sofroniew, Robert Wudlick, Jeanne M. Zanca
Summary: Over the past decade, the spinal cord injury research community has made significant advances and hosted a conference to discuss how to continue advancing research for the benefit of patients. The conference brought together stakeholders such as researchers, clinicians, patients, and industry partners to break down communication barriers and support collaboration to promote spinal cord injury research and clinical options.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ellen van der Plas, Laurie Gutmann, Dan Thedens, Richard K. Shields, Kathleen Langbehn, Zhihui Guo, Milan Sonka, Peggy Nopoulos
Summary: Quantitative muscle MRI serves as a sensitive marker for early muscle pathology and disease progression in adult-onset myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Patients with DM1 exhibit reduced muscle volume, increased T2 relaxometry, and fat fraction compared to healthy adults, even in the absence of clinical motor symptoms. The rate of change in muscle volume and T2 relaxometry and fat fraction is faster in DM1 patients compared to controls, indicating more rapid disease progression.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Timothy R. Koscik, Ellen van der Plas, Laurie Gutmann, Sarah A. Cumming, Darren G. Monckton, Vincent Magnotta, Richard K. Shields, Peggy C. Nopoulos
Summary: The study found that white matter integrity in the brain is significantly related to grip strength and fine motor skills in DM1 patients. Fractional anisotropy was the strongest predictor of grip strength, while radial diffusivity predicted fine motor skills. Systemic white matter degradation may mediate the relationship between DM1 progression and genetic burden with motor outcomes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stacey L. DeJong, Jayden A. Bisson, Warren G. Darling, Richard K. Shields
Summary: This study aimed to develop methods for assessing corticospinal divergence and muscle coupling using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The researchers found that the number of muscles responding to TMS and the degree of coactivation increased with intensity, while correlations of MEP amplitudes varied among different muscle pairs, possibly quantifying different levels of muscle coupling.
Article
Orthopedics
Michael A. Petrie, Eric B. Taylor, Manish Suneja, Richard K. Shields
Summary: Physical therapists develop patient-centered exercise prescriptions to address the various stressors in individuals' health. This report summarizes factors specific to spinal cord injury that need to be considered in precision prescription of muscle activity. It also presents a genomic and epigenomic analysis of muscle signaling pathways during different types of electrically induced exercise.
Editorial Material
Orthopedics
Richard K. Shields
Article
Orthopedics
Richard K. Shields, Shauna Dudley-Javoroski
Summary: Epigenetic processes regulate gene expression by tagging DNA, affecting individual health and disease. New research shows that non-biological factors such as social stress and poverty can trigger epigenetic adaptations in gene pathways, impacting chronic diseases. Epigenetic processes thus connect the genome with social determinants of health.
Article
Neurosciences
Colleen L. Bringman, Richard K. Shields, Stacey L. DeJong
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the modulation of corticospinal pathway on spinal reflex excitability. The results showed that subthreshold TMS pulses could partially restore the H-reflex when it was almost completely suppressed by lower extremity vibration. This suggests that the disinhibition of the H-reflex by corticospinal signals may play a role in the control of voluntary movement.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Shauna Dudley-Javoroski, Richard K. Shields
Summary: The Benchmarking in Academic Physical Therapy study develops performance benchmarks for physical therapist education using a survey. The study reveals strengths and challenges in physical therapist education, such as emphasis on problem solving/critical thinking and clinical reasoning, and issues with diversity and student debt.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Timothy R. Koscik, Ellen van der Plas, Jeffrey D. Long, Stephen Cross, Laurie Gutmann, Sarah A. Cumming, Darren G. Monckton, Richard K. Shields, Vincent Magnotta, Peggy C. Nopoulos
Summary: This study compared the changes in white matter microstructure, functional measures, and clinical symptoms in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. The results showed that indices of white matter health were associated with functional performance and could accurately reflect disease progression. These findings are crucial for the design of clinical trials.
NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Richard K. Shields, Manish Suneja, Bridget E. Shields, Josef N. Tofte, Shauna Dudley-Javoroski
Summary: This study examines whether the average educational debt for healthcare graduates in the United States can be supported by entry-level salaries, and explores whether trainees from minoritized backgrounds have higher educational debt than their peers in physical therapy.
BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Michael A. Petrie, Kristin A. Johnson, Olga Dubey, Richard K. Shields
Summary: Exercise is an effective medication for managing glucose control issues, but healthcare providers' recommendation timing does not align with best practice suggestions.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY AND KINESIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Amy L. Kimball, Michael A. Petrie, Patrick M. Mccue, Kristin A. Johnson, Richard K. Shields
Summary: After spinal cord injury (SCI), prolonged sitting and inactivity can lead to changes in body composition, such as increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) thickness, which is associated with impaired glucose tolerance. This study suggests that VAT may serve as an important indicator of leanness and that mobility methods may influence glucose tolerance for individuals with SCI.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY AND KINESIOLOGY
(2023)
