Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ullas Gowda K. Srikanth, Chandranaik B. Marinaik, Amitha Reena Gomes, Doddamane Rathnamma, Sonnahallipura M. Byregowda, Shrikrishna Isloor, Archana Munivenkatarayappa, Mudalagiri D. Venkatesha, Suguna Rao, Apsana Rizwan, Raveendra Hegde
Summary: We evaluated the safety and potency of the Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) vaccine inactivated with different formalin concentrations in mice. The vaccine inactivated with 0.08% formalin was safe and potent, while lower concentrations failed the safety test. Real-time PCR was used to quantify the KFD virus and determine its potency, showing that vaccines with CT values <20 and tenfold dilutions with CT values between 31 and 34 passed the respective tests.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Santhosha Devadiga, Govindakarnavar Arunkumar
Summary: This study provides evidence of KFDV RNA in different biological body fluids, which helps understand the pathogenesis, transmission pattern, and develop diagnostic algorithms of KFDV in humans. Blood has higher levels of RNA copies/ml than other body fluids in Kyasanur Forest disease infection, and viremia may last up to two weeks post-infection.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ashok Munivenkatappa, Pragya D. Yadav, Rima R. Sahay, S. K. Kiran, Anita M. Shete, Deepak Y. Patil, Sreelekshmy Mohandas, Rajlaxmi Jain, Savita Patil, Diamond P. Sinha, Manjunatha M. Jayaswamy
Summary: This study investigated suspected human cases of Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) in Karnataka state, India from December 2018 to June 2019. It found endemicity of KFD in many districts and confirmed the presence of KFDV for the first time in two new districts, i.e. Hassan and Mysore. The study also analyzed the KFDV infection among vaccinated and non-vaccinated populations, finding insignificant differences.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Prashant Bhat, H. S. Jagadeesha, Mohan Kumar Raju, Sudheerchandra Sooda, K. Premanand, Ravi Kumar
Summary: The study evaluated the KFD surveillance system in Shivamogga and identified key issues such as lack of training, inadequate surveillance formats and data sharing practices, limited diagnostic capacity, outdated guidelines, and confusing surveillance perimeter. It is recommended that the system consider integrating a One Health approach, defining ownership of activities among stakeholders, and revising the guidelines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Vineeth Gladson, Hisham Moosan, Sheela Mathew, P. Dineesh
Summary: This study investigated the clinical and laboratory features of Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) over a 30-year period, finding common symptoms such as fever, headache, body aches, and vomiting. Patients often presented with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and low erythrocyte sedimentation rate, with neurological complications associated with a higher mortality rate.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sulagna Chakraborty, William E. Sander, Brian F. Allan, Flavia C. D. Andrade
Summary: Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) is a tickborne hemorrhagic disease that affects primates in the Western Ghats mountain range in India. A retrospective study found that at least 3,314 monkey deaths related to KFD were reported in endemic states in India from 1957 to 2020. These data can help in guiding surveillance efforts to protect animal and human health.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nitin Gupta, Vishnu Teja Nallapati, Kiran Chunduru, Alphy Rose James Vithivattical, Rajagopal Kadavigere, Kavitha Saravu
Summary: Neurological involvement can occur in both phases of KFD, possibly due to encephalitis/encephalopathy in the first phase and postinfectious cerebellitis or meningitis in the second phase.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sandip K. Agarwal, Maharnab Naha
Summary: India carried out the largest COVID-19 vaccination campaign in the world, achieving high vaccination coverage. Lessons from India's vaccination experience can be valuable for other low- and middle-income countries and future outbreak preparedness. This study aims to investigate the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination coverage at the district level in India. The findings suggest that previous infection rates, population burden per health center, rural-urban disparities, literacy rate, and childhood immunization are important factors influencing vaccination rates.
Article
Entomology
Balasubramanian Rathinam, Sahina Sidhik
Summary: Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) is a tick-borne zoonotic viral disease with a case fatality rate of 3% to 5% in humans. The study in Kerala found that the KFD virus is primarily transmitted by Haemaphysalis ticks, with a detection rate in ticks from the south forest division. The virus was detected in three genera of ticks, reaching peak density between December and February in suitable temperature conditions.
MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Prejit Prejit, M. Hitziger, K. Asha
Summary: This study presents the implementation of One Health initiative in response to Kyasanur Forest Disease in the Wayanad region of India. The evaluation of the initiative shows that it achieved high scores in OH systemic organization, OH thinking, and OH working, but lower scores in OH planning, OH sharing, and OH learning. The study data will provide valuable insights for controlling vector borne diseases in India.
JOURNAL OF VECTOR BORNE DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
R. Mythreyi, B. Geethanjali, Kanthesh M. Basalingappa, T. S. Gopenath, R. Parthiban, S. Raviraja
Summary: Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus (KFDV) and mainly endemic to Southwestern parts of India, exhibiting genetic and clinical similarity with other known viruses. In recent years, health and science departments have been conducting further research on KFDV to understand its pathological characteristics and mode of transmission.
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Nitin Gupta, Kiran Chunduru, Mohammad K. Safeer, Kavitha Saravu
Summary: KFD is a tick-borne viral fever endemic in Southern India, characterized by distinct clinical and laboratory manifestations in two phases. Some patients may experience severe symptoms such as meningoencephalitis in the second phase. It is important for healthcare providers to recognize these features for appropriate management.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xia Meng, Cong Liu, Lina Zhang, Weidong Wang, Jennifer Stowell, Haidong Kan, Yang Liu
Summary: This study developed a gap-filling approach using random forest algorithms to predict PM2.5 in NEC during 2005-2016 by combining satellite AOD, meteorological data, land use parameters, population, and visibility. The model successfully filled the gap caused by missing AOD and showed high accuracy in predicting historical PM2.5 concentrations.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michael G. Walsh, Rashmi Bhat, Venkatesh Nagarajan-Radha, Prakash Narayanan, Navya Vyas, Shailendra Sawleshwarkar, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
Summary: In the Western Ghats of South India, mammalian species richness and forest loss show strong positive associations with Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV) outbreaks, with forest loss substantially modifying the relationship between species richness and outbreaks. High species richness is linked to increased KFDV risk in areas with low forest loss, while lower species richness is associated with increased risk in areas of greater forest loss.
Article
Immunology
Pritu Dhalaria, Himanshu Arora, Ajeet Kumar Singh, Mansi Mathur, Ajai S. Kumar
Summary: Our study examines the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination coverage in India, including vaccine hesitancy, socioeconomic factors, and multidimensional deprivations. We find that vaccine hesitancy and multidimensional poverty have a negative impact on vaccination coverage. Gender also plays a significant role in the relationship between internet access and vaccine coverage.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Viral R. Bajwala, Denny John, Daniel Rajasekar, Alex Eapen, Manoj V. Murhekar
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2020)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Manoj Murhekar, Tarun Bhatnagar, Sriram Selvaraju, V Saravanakumar, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Naman Shah, Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar, Kiran Rade, R. Sabarinathan, Smita Asthana, Rakesh Balachandar, Sampada Dipak Bangar, Avi Kumar Bansal, Jyothi Bhat, Vishal Chopra, Dasarathi Das, Alok Kumar Deb, Kangjam Rekha Devi, Gaurav Raj Dwivedi, S. Muhammad Salim Khan, C. P. Girish Kumar, M. Sunil Kumar, Avula Laxmaiah, Major Madhukar, Amarendra Mahapatra, Suman Sundar Mohanty, Chethana Rangaraju, Alka Turuk, Dinesh Kumar Baradwaj, Ashrafjit S. Chahal, Falguni Debnath, Inaamul Haq, Arshad Kalliath, Srikanta Kanungo, Jaya Singh Kshatri, G. G. J. Naga Lakshmi, Anindya Mitra, A. R. Nirmala, Ganta Venkata Prasad, Mariya Amin Qurieshi, Seema Sahay, Ramesh Kumar Sangwan, Krithikaa Sekar, Vijay Kumar Shukla, Prashant Kumar Singh, Pushpendra Singh, Rajeev Singh, Dantuluri Sheethal Varma, Ankit Viramgami, Samiran Panda, D. C. S. Reddy, Balram Bhargava
Summary: The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals aged 10 years or older in India was 6.6%, with a higher prevalence of 7.1% in adults, and the highest prevalence seen in urban slum areas.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Polani Rubeshkumar, Manikandanesan Sakthivel, Vettrichelvan Venkatasamy, Manickam Ponnaiah, Manoj Murhekar
Summary: According to the National Health Profile data from 2009 to 2018, the incidence of snakebites in India ranged from 89 to 141 per million population, with an annual increase of 3%. The incidence was higher among males compared to females, while the case fatality rate showed a declining trend each year.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nathella Pavan Kumar, Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarsini, Anuradha Rajamanickam, Shrinivasa B. Marinaik, Arul Nancy, Srinivasan Padmanaban, Nabila Akbar, Manoj Murhekar, Subash Babu
Summary: The study found that BCG vaccination reduced levels of various cytokines and chemokines in healthy elderly individuals, leading to decreased inflammation. This suggests the potential utility of BCG vaccination in modulating inflammatory responses and its application in COVID-19.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Manickam Ponnaiah, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Tarun Bhatnagar, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar, Ramasamy Sabarinathan, Saravanakumar Velusamy, Yogesh Sabde, Harpreet Singh, Manoj Vasanth Murhekar
Summary: The Indian Council of Medical Research established a nationwide laboratory network to diagnose and monitor the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis included 176 million individuals and 188 million tests, revealing an overall incidence of COVID-19 of 0.8% and ten states accounting for 75.6% of the total cases. The laboratory network's rapid scaling enabled daily testing to increase from 40,000 initially to nearly one million by March 2021, with acceptable timeliness between surveillance activities indicating good responsiveness of the system.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Manoj V. Murhekar, Tarun Bhatnagar, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, V. Saravanakumar, Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar, Sriram Selvaraju, Kiran Rade, C. P. Girish Kumar, R. Sabarinathan, Smita Asthana, Rakesh Balachandar, Sampada Dipak Bangar, Avi Kumar Bansal, Jyothi Bhat, Debjit Chakraborty, Vishal Chopra, Dasarathi Das, Kangjam Rekha Devi, Gaurav Raj Dwivedi, Agam Jain, S. Muhammad Salim Khan, M. Sunil Kumar, Avula Laxmaiah, Major Madhukar, Amarendra Mahapatra, Talluri Ramesh, Chethana Rangaraju, Jyotirmayee Turuk, Suresh Yadav, Balram Bhargava
Summary: The fourth nationwide serosurvey conducted in India between June and July 2021 showed that over two-thirds of individuals aged 6 years and above in the general population and 85% of healthcare workers had antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. With one-third of the population still seronegative, accelerating COVID-19 vaccination coverage among adults and maintaining non-pharmaceutical interventions is necessary.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Anoop Velayudhan, Janardhan Nayak, Manoj Murhekar, Tanzin Dikid, Samir Sodha
Summary: Two suspected shellfish poisoning outbreaks in Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India in January and April 2015 resulted in symptoms of dizziness and vomiting, with no detection of shellfish toxins. Case-control studies showed a significant association between illness and clam consumption, with no evidence of bacterial contamination in stool samples. Coordination between epidemiologists, marine biologists, and food safety officers led to timely containment of the outbreaks.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Parul Chawla Gupta, Praveen Kumar-M, Jagat Ram, Sanjay Verma, Ravinder Kaur Sachdeva, Kuldeep Singh, Ashish Bavdekar, Sanjay Shah, Mahantesh Sangappa, Krishna R. Murthy, Sridhar Santhanam, Deepa John, Devika Shanmugasundaram, R. Sabrinathan, Manoj Murhekar
Summary: This study developed a prediction nomogram to assess the probability of an infant being at risk for congenital rubella based on ophthalmological findings and demographics. The results showed that infants at risk had higher odds of cataract, retinopathy, glaucoma, microcornea, and younger age at presentation compared to those not at risk. The nomogram could be used for community-based utilization to prioritize attention to high-risk children and prevent loss to follow-up.
GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar, Tarun Bhatnagar, Ponnaiah Manickam, V. Saravana Kumar, Kiran Rade, Naman Shah, Shashi Kant, Giridhara R. Babu, Sanjay Zodpey, C. P. Girish Kumar, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Pranab Chatterjee, Suman Kanungo, Ravindra Mohan Pandey, Manoj Murhekar, Sujeet K. Singh, Swarup Sarkar, J. P. Muliyil, Raman R. Gangakhedkar, D. C. S. Reddy
INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Vasna Joshua, Kanagasabai Kaliaperumal, Kirubakaran Bajji Krishnamurthy, Ravi Muthusamy, Ramachandran Venkatachalam, Kethara A. Gowri, Vishal C. Shete, Sabarinathan Ramasamy, Nivedita Gupta, Manoj Vasant Murhekar
INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Sandip Mandal, Tarun Bhatnagar, Nimalan Arinaminpathy, Anup Agarwal, Amartya Chowdhury, Manoj Murhekar, Raman R. Gangakhedkar, Swarup Sarkar
INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Nivedita Gupta, Tarun Bhatnagar, Kiran Rade, Manoj Murhekar, Raman R. Gangakhedkar, Anu Nagar
INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Nivedita Gupta, Ira Praharaj, Tarun Bhatnagar, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Sidhartha Giri, Himanshu Chauhan, Sanket Kulkarni, Manoj Murhekar, Sujeet Singh, Raman R. Gangakhedkar, Balram Bhargava
INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Tarun Bhatnagar, Manoj V. Murhekar, Manish Soneja, Nivedita Gupta, Sidhartha Giri, Naveet Wig, Raman Gangakhedkar
INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar, Pattabi Kamaraj, Siraj Ahmed Khan, Ramesh Reddy Allam, Pradip Barde, Bhagirathi Dwibedi, Suman Kanungo, Uday Mohan, Suman Sundar Mohanty, Subarna Roy, Vivek Sagar, Deepali Savargaonkar, Babasaheb Tandale, Roshan Kamal Topno, Chethrapilly P. Girish Kumar, Ramasamy Sabarinathan, Velusamy Saravana Kumar, Sailaja Bitragunta, Gagandeep Singh Grover, Pinnaka V. M. Lakshmi, Chandra Mauli Mishra, Provash Sadhukhan, Prakash Kumar Sahoo, Shivendra K. Singh, Chander Prakash Yadav, Elangovan Ramya Dinesh, Thiyagarajan Karunakaran, Chinnasamy Govindhasamy, Thomas Daniel Rajasekar, Annadurai Jeyakumar, Arunachalam Suresh, Duraisamy Augustine, Paparaju Ashok Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, Shanta Dutta, Gurudayal S. Toteja, Nivedita Gupta, Hannah E. Clapham, Sanjay M. Mehendale, Manoj Murhekar
Summary: The study found that chikungunya virus transmission was higher in the southern, western, and northern regions of India compared to the eastern and northeastern regions. However, a higher proportion of the population susceptible to CHIKV in the eastern and northeastern regions suggests a vulnerability to outbreaks in the future. The survey findings will be beneficial in identifying target age groups and locations for surveillance and future CHIKV vaccine trials.