Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Zeeshan Haqqee, Roberto Valdizon-Rodriguez, Paul A. Faure
Summary: The study investigates the response properties of single neurons in the inferior colliculus of big brown bats to onset ITDs in high frequency pure tones. It found that neurons show sensitivity to onset ITD cues, with an average change of 36% of its maximal response within a behaviorally relevant range of ITDs. Additionally, there is a consistent average time-intensity trading ratio of 30 mu s/dB in the sensitivity of the ITD response function to changing ILDs, indicating the potential use of onset ITD cues for azimuthal sound localization in echolocating bats.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Langchen Fan, Lingzhi Kong, Liang Li, Tianshu Qu
Summary: The study found that human listeners can detect a binaurally uncorrelated arbitrary-noise fragment in both frequency-constant and frequency-gliding noises, but their sensitivity to this phenomenon in frequency-gliding noises is significantly lower than in frequency-constant noise.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Alexander C. Thompson, Dexter R. F. Irvine, James B. Fallon
Summary: Custom ITD-aware sound processing strategies can enhance ITD sensitivity in the clinical population, as shown by studies using a cat model of neonatal deafness.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Hao Wang, Fatao Hou, Guangming Dong, Jin Chen
Summary: In the field of fault diagnosis, time-frequency representation (TFR) is a popular tool that provides time and frequency information of fault signals. Sparse time frequency representation (STFR), a method that combines TFR and sparse theory, is used to improve the time-frequency resolution. However, the underestimation problem limits the efficiency of STFR. To solve this issue, a novel STFR method with reweighted regularization (RSTFR) is proposed, which achieves higher time-frequency resolution and accurate fault diagnosis.
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Carol A. Sammeth, Andrew D. Brown, Nathaniel T. Greene, Daniel J. Tollin
Summary: The binaural interaction component (BIC) of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a biomarker of binaural processing abilities. This study examined the effect of interaural frequency mismatch (IFM) on BIC and behavioral interaural time difference (ITD) sensitivity in normal adult human subjects. Results showed that IFM had significant effects on BIC amplitudes and elevated ITD discrimination thresholds. The study also found that combinations of ITD, IFM, and sound level were bound by the empirically-measured BIC.
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Alexa N. Buck, Nicole Rosskothen-Kuhl, Jan W. H. Schnupp
Summary: This study characterized ITD sensitivity and tuning of inferior colliculus neurons under bilateral CI stimulation of neonatally deafened and hearing experienced rats. The research found that while both groups showed similar levels of ITD sensitivity, there were evident differences in tuning curve shapes, with auditory experience influencing the shapes. Despite profound hearing loss, rats demonstrated highly precise innate ITD sensitivity, suggesting that lateralization encoding is present even without auditory experience.
Article
Neurosciences
Woongsang Sunwoo
Summary: This study examined the effect of neonatal deafness on the processing of interaural time differences (ITDs) in cochlear-implant stimuli. Animal studies have shown differences in neural ITD sensitivity based on the intracochlear location of stimulating electrodes. The results suggest that neonatal deafness significantly impacts ITD sensitivity and tuning patterns in the inferior colliculus.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lei Wang, Elisabeth Noordanus, A. John van Opstal
Summary: The proposed nonparametric ALPC-SFS method is suitable for evaluating embedded nonlinear systems underlying ASSRs. Simulations and EEG recordings validated the effectiveness of the method, revealing stable major latencies for low-frequency and high-frequency ASSR components across subjects.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carlos Fernandez-Pena, Alfonso Reimundez, Felix Viana, Victor M. Arce, Rosa Senaris
Summary: Thermal homeostasis is crucial for maintaining a constant internal body temperature in mammals, and its impact on energy homeostasis has gained significant attention. However, most studies have focused on male animal models or men, leading to biased findings. This review discusses how sex-dependent characteristics affect various aspects of thermal regulation and energy homeostasis, emphasizing the importance of including both sexes in experimental studies. Through comprehensive data collection in molecular, functional, and clinical aspects, a better understanding of the real impact of thermoregulation on energy balance can be achieved, potentially leading to new approaches in obesity and metabolic disease treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Monika Koertje, Timo Stoever, Uwe Baumann, Tobias Weissgerber
Summary: This study investigated the impact of interaural delay on sensitivity to interaural level differences (ILDs) in normal hearing subjects and cochlear implant (CI) users. ILD sensitivity was measured in both groups using different interaural delays induced by hearing devices. The results showed that ILD sensitivity significantly decreased with increasing interaural delays in the normal hearing group, but no significant effect was found in the CI group. Further studies are needed to verify the potential benefits of temporal matching for ILD processing and sound localization in CI patients.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Carol A. Sammeth, Nathaniel T. Greene, Andrew D. Brown, Daniel J. Tollin
Summary: The study aims to investigate the prevalence of BIC in normal-hearing young adults, the effects of interaural time differences (ITDs) on BIC, and the relationship between BIC and behavioral ITD discrimination acuity. The results show that while BIC can be observed in most subjects under specific conditions, its presence varies as ITDs increase or subjects' states change.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Naihao Liu, Shengtao Wei, Rongchang Liu, Yang Yang, Nan Zhang, Jinghuai Gao
Summary: In this study, an unscaled generalized S-transform (UGST) and a Q estimation method based on the weighted Kullback-Leibler divergence are proposed, and an estimation workflow is built. Compared with contrastive methods, the proposed workflow achieves more accurate estimation results and demonstrates better noise immunity.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kathrin Machetanz, Lasse Wiesinger, Maria Teresa Leao, Marina Liebsch, Leonidas Trakolis, Sophie Wang, Alireza Gharabaghi, Marcos Tatagiba, Georgios Naros
Summary: Conventional time-series parameters may not be reliable descriptors of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in brain tumor patients, and frequency domain analysis is suggested instead. The time-frequency representation of MEPs provides additional information about the status of the cortico-spinal motor system and its relation to motor performance.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hei Yeun Koo, Min-A Kim, Hyehyun Min, Jae Yeon Hwang, Meenakshi Prajapati-DiNubila, Kwan Soo Kim, Martin M. Matzuk, Juw Won Park, Angelika Doetzlhofer, Un-Kyung Kim, Jinwoong Bok
Summary: Research has found that the tonotopic mapping in the cochlea is determined by regional identity, with follistatin and sonic hedgehog playing key roles in the development and maintenance of these regional characteristics.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Pingping Bing, Wei Liu, Yang Liu
Summary: The proposed seismic time-frequency analysis method TSST, which reassigns time-frequency coefficients in the time direction rather than in the frequency direction, is more effective in extracting seismic time-frequency features and identifying thin layers compared to the traditional method FSST.
Article
Neurosciences
Stefanie Goetz, Ana Bribian, Laura Lopez-Mascaraque, Magdalena Goetz, Benedikt Grothe, Lars Kunz
Summary: Heterogeneity of astrocytes is increasingly recognized, with juxtavascular astrocytes having a clonal origin and showing profound changes in electrophysiological properties after traumatic brain injury.
Article
Neurosciences
Alexander R. Callan, Martin Hess, Felix Felmy, Christian Leibold
Summary: Researchers have found that neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) have highly integrated synaptic inputs on their dendrites, enabling secure transmission through coordinated release of neurotransmitters at multiple independent active zones. The anatomical arrangement increases the amplitude and sharpens the time course of excitatory postsynaptic potentials, leading to improved binaural coincidence detection compared with single large synapses at the soma.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ida Siveke, Mike H. Myoga, Benedikt Grothe, Felix Felmy
Summary: Research shows that during moderate omnidirectional noise exposure, the input resistance of neurons in the medial superior olive decreases, while the action potential current threshold increases, leading to more efficient high frequency output generation. Noise exposure also accelerates the occurrence of spontaneous postsynaptic currents.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Cybernetics
Michael Rebhan, Christian Leibold
Summary: This paper proposes a modeling approach to simulate the responses of octopus cells to arbitrary sound pressure waves, revealing that octopus cells are particularly sensitive to high-frequency transients in natural sounds and provide a population code for sound level through sustained firing to phonemes.
BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diana Amaro, Dardo N. Ferreiro, Benedikt Grothe, Michael Pecka
Summary: The study shows that the majority of spatially sensitive neurons in the auditory cortex change their egocentric angle preference depending on the task-specific identity of the sound source, indicating a novel cortical computation principle for naturalistic sensing during self-motion.
Article
Cell Biology
Dustin Fetterhoff, Andrey Sobolev, Christian Leibold
Summary: The study explores how hippocampal ensembles combine multimodal sensory cues, focusing on hippocampal CA1 remapping in Mongolian gerbils in a 1D virtual reality experiment. It is observed that self-motion cues are over-represented, while responsiveness to allocentric visual cues elicits rate and global remapping in the hippocampal ensemble, even when task-irrelevant.
Article
Neurosciences
Zhizi Jing, Michael Pecka, Benedikt Grothe
Summary: The study explored how the depth of ketamine-xylazine anesthesia affects response properties of lateral superior olive complex neurons, and auditory brainstem evoked responses, indicating that increasing anesthesia depth impacts spontaneous discharge activities, response threshold, temporal responses, and first spike latency. These findings underscore the importance of considering both the type of anesthetics and the anesthesia depth when interpreting or comparing in vivo neuronal recordings.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yuk-Hoi Yiu, Jill K. Leutgeb, Christian Leibold
Summary: The study reveals that rate and spike timing codes in the hippocampus are related, and the directionality of place field correlations is also associated. This suggests that encoding of directional information in the hippocampus may involve multiple mechanisms, contributing to a better understanding of how directional information is encoded.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Pepe Alcami, Santhosh Totagera, Nina Sohnius-Wilhelmi, Stefan Leitner, Benedikt Grothe, Carolina Frankl-Vilches, Manfred Gahr
Summary: Electrical synapses are widely expressed in songbird premotor nuclei, showing brain region-specific, cell type-specific expression patterns. This suggests that songbirds may serve as a suitable model for investigating the contribution of electrical synapses to motor skill learning and production.
Article
Neurosciences
Pascal Jorratt, Jan Ricny, Christian Leibold, Saak V. Ovsepian
Summary: The impairment of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activity has been associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. This study examined the effects of different endogenous modulators of NMDAR on neuronal viability, glutamate release, and dendritic morphology in rat cortical cultures. The results showed that the exposure to NMDAR modulators did not affect glutamate release or neuronal viability. However, prolonged treatment with physiological concentrations of NMDAR modulators led to enhanced dendritic field expansion, particularly with spermidine and pregnenolone sulfate. These findings suggest that constitutive glutamatergic activity mediated by NMDAR controls dendritic field expansion and may influence the integrative properties of cortical neurons.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Alexander Borst, Christian Leibold
Summary: With volumetric EM techniques, large connectomic datasets are created, providing knowledge about neural circuit connectivity. This allows for numerical simulation of detailed neuron models. However, the large number of parameters in these models makes it difficult to determine essential circuit functions. Two mathematical strategies, namely linear dynamical systems analysis and matrix reordering techniques, are reviewed to gain insight into connectomics data and make predictions about information processing and functional units in large networks.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Ileana L. Hanganu-Opatz, Thomas Klausberger, Torfi Sigurdsson, Andreas Nieder, Simon N. Jacob, Marlene Bartos, Jonas-Frederic Sauer, Daniel Durstewitz, Christian Leibold, Ilka Diester
Summary: The prefrontal cortex is responsible for complex behaviors and its cellular ensembles play a crucial role in coordinating stability and flexibility of neural representations. Recent research suggests that temporal coordination and prefrontal connectivity patterns are important for adaptive cognitive behavior.
Article
Neurosciences
Xu Huang, Magdalene Isabell Schlesiger, Isabel Barriuso-Ortega, Christian Leibold, Duncan Archibald Allan MacLaren, Nina Bieber, Hannah Monyer
Summary: The lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) is a crucial cortical input area to the hippocampus, responsible for associative object-place-context memories. Recent studies have found a gradient of spatial selectivity along the antero-posterior axis of the LEC, with distinct spatial maps generated for different contexts. Additionally, there are neurons in the LEC that encode both space and objects conjunctively.
Article
Computer Science, Cybernetics
Christian Leibold
Summary: This paper proposes a theory that the retrieval of episodic memories involves the reactivation of neuronal activity patterns, with the content of the memories stored in synaptic connections. The theory suggests that the temporal order information in neuronal reservoir sequences is conveyed to sensory-motor cortical areas, resulting in the subjective impression of memory retrieval of sensory motor events. The theory is supported by the use of a recursive version of support vector regression for continuous learning, limited only by the representational capacity of the reservoir. It is also consistent with confabulations and post hoc alterations of existing memories.
BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Mauro M. Monsalve-Mercado, Christian Leibold
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2020)
