Review
Immunology
Claudia Kemper, Viviana P. Ferreira, Jeanne T. Paz, V. Michael Holers, Michail S. Lionakis, Jessy J. Alexander
Summary: The complement field has been revitalized by the discovery of new complement functions, the identification of more diseases involving complement, and the development of complement therapeutics. Surprisingly, complement activation can also occur intracellularly, leading to cell-specific effects. This review focuses on the noncanonical activities of complement in areas such as kidney and brain biology, infection, and autoimmunity, and discusses the potential for future complement-targeted therapeutics.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Antje Schaefer, Channing J. Der
Summary: RAS and RHO GTPases play significant roles as signaling nodes that regulate cellular processes and cancer development. While RAS mutations are widely present in various human cancers, mutations in RAC1 and RHOA are associated with specific cancer types. Unlike RAS and RAC1, RHOA may function as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Ana C. Veneziani, Amit M. Oza
Summary: Targeted therapy for low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas is still an unmet need, but recent advances in molecular characterization have widened the scope for novel targeted therapies.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Erina A. Balmer, Carmen Faso
Summary: Recent studies have shown that protein secretion in eukaryotic cells may not be as uniform as once thought, with unconventional protein secretion pathways being discovered. The diverse roles and surprising prevalence of unconventionally secreted proteins in cell biology and organism survival have highlighted the importance of understanding these alternative mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jayamuruga Pandian Arunachalam, U. R. Anoop, Kavita Verma, Rahini Rajendran, Subbulakshmi Chidambaram
Summary: Recent studies have focused on the olfactory route for SARS-CoV-2 to enter the brain, while also suggesting that the neurovascular component of the connective tissue of the respiratory mucosa may provide an alternative route.
Editorial Material
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Judith Pauwels
Summary: Despite efforts to improve access to healthcare in rural communities, the need for a physician workforce dedicated to rural practice and equipped with the necessary skills is increasing. Supporting and strengthening rural graduate medical education is crucial in addressing gaps in rural healthcare.
Article
Allergy
Linda J. Zhu, Anne Y. Liu, Priscilla H. Wong, Anna Chen Arroyo
Summary: Fluoroquinolones, vancomycin, macrolides, and tetracyclines are generally safe antibiotics but can cause hypersensitivity reactions. Diagnosing these allergies is challenging due to the lack of validated skin testing and in vitro testing. Direct provocation challenge remains the gold standard for diagnosis, but the benefit of confirming an allergy may not outweigh the risk of a severe reaction. Skin testing, direct provocation challenge, and/or desensitization may be reasonable approaches depending on the clinical context and patient preferences.
CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Abhidha Shah
Summary: Neurosurgery is a challenging and demanding field in medicine, which has traditionally been dominated by men. However, a few pioneering female surgeons have paved the way for women in this field. This article highlights the progress of women in neurosurgery in India.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lisa J. Lapidus
Summary: The Free Energy Landscape theory of Protein Folding suggests that proteins have multiple paths to reach the folded conformation with the lowest free energy, but detecting these pathways has been challenging. Recent technical advancements and the use of multiple experimental probes have revealed multiple folding pathways in various proteins that were previously described with a single path.
CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jacob P. Norman, Sharon R. Neufeldt
Summary: The regiochemical outcomes of Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions for most dihalogenated N-heteroarenes are well-established, but changes to the catalyst can lead to unconventional product due to different site selectivity. This Perspective surveys unusual cases controlled by ligands or catalyst speciation where divergent selectivity occurs. Some cases have established the mechanistic origin of inverted selectivity, while others remain unknown. The remaining challenges and opportunities in the field include understanding oxidative addition mechanisms, catalyst speciation, ring substituents influence, inverted selectivity for stubborn substrates, and minimizing over-reaction of di- and polyhalogenated substrates.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Bianca M. Ceballos, Ghanshyam Pilania, Kannan P. Ramaiyan, Amitava Banerjee, Cortney Kreller, Rangachary Mukundan
Summary: This review discusses the necessity of direct electrochemical nitrogen reduction for ammonia production to reduce fossil fuel use, the challenges faced by nitrogen reduction electrocatalysts, and strategies to address these challenges such as catalyst design and reaction conditions control. It also explores some underused approaches for selective catalyst development.
CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Michael Kahn
Summary: Successfully targeting aberrant Wnt signaling in cancer requires a fine balancing act to abrogate the 'dark side' of signaling without interfering with normal tissue function. Small molecule CBP/beta-catenin antagonists have therapeutic potential in treating various diseases by maintaining stem cell pool and regulating mitochondrial function.
EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ashish Chugh, Prashant Punia, Sarang Gotecha, Ishant Rege, Vinod Shinde
Summary: This study reported a rare group of cases with osteonecrosis of the skull caused by mucormycosis, in which 6 patients showed different degrees of recovery and complications after surgery. Prompt diagnosis, aggressive surgical treatment, and regular follow-up are crucial for managing this rare condition.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2023)
Article
Regional & Urban Planning
Tao Tao, Jason Cao, Xinyi Wu
Summary: This study quantifies the impact of rail transit on vehicular traffic using a quasi-experimental research design, finding that rail transit initially serves as a substitute for automobile traffic but the substitution effect gradually decreases over time.
JOURNAL OF PLANNING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Tatsuya Fukushige, Dillon T. Fitch, Susan Handy
Summary: The introduction of dock-less e-bike-share service can reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and related greenhouse emissions if it substitutes for car travel. Our study in the Sacramento, CA region shows that the daily car substitution rate was 28% on weekdays, resulting in an estimated VMT reduction of 2,131 vehicle miles per day and 0.79 miles per bike-share trip on average across the service region. These findings are important for assessing the value and impact of bike-share systems, and the methodologies developed can be applied in other regions.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)