Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ricardo Z. Ferreira, David Marsh, Eike Muller
Summary: ALPs with feeble couplings to electrons cannot make up dark matter as their lifetimes are shorter than the age of the Universe. Constraints from x-ray and γ-ray astronomy exceed current laboratory limits on ALPs in the 6 keV to 1 MeV mass range.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Saurav Howlader, Min-Jung Kim, M. Rasheduzzaman Jony, Nguyen Phuoc Long, Yong-Soon Cho, Dong-Hyun Kim, Jae-Gook Shin
Summary: This study characterized the metabolic pathways and enzymes responsible for the metabolism of clofazimine in human liver microsomes. Eight metabolites, including oxidative metabolites, glucuronide conjugates, and sulfate conjugates, were identified. CYP1A2 and CYP3A were involved in the formation of oxidative metabolites, while UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A9, and 2B4 were involved in the formation of glucuronide conjugates of oxidative metabolites of clofazimine.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dawit M. Weldemichael, Kun Zhou, Shi-jia Su, Lin Zhao, Mario Andrea Marchisio, Matthias Bureik
Summary: Among 50 human microsomal CYPs, 38 were found to significantly increase production of superoxide anions (O-2(-center dot)) in the absence of substrate. Some CYPs were intermediate strength O-2(-center dot) producers, while others were even stronger, with CYP2B6, CYP5A1, CYP2A13, CYP51A1, and CYP1A2 being the strongest producers.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Sandra Ruiz-Gomez, Ruben Guerrero, Muhammad W. Khaliq, Claudia Fernandez-Gonzalez, Jordi Prat, Andres Valera, Simone Finizio, Paolo Perna, Julio Camarero, Lucas Perez, Lucia Aballe, Michael Foerster
Summary: The spin Hall effect and the inverse spin Hall effect are important spin-charge conversion mechanisms. The direct spin Hall effect can induce surface spin accumulation in nonmagnetic conductors. However, most detection schemes involve interfaces, resulting in considerable scattering in the reported data. Interface-free measurements on highly Bi-doped Cu (Cu95Bi5) using x-ray spectroscopy reveal a similar induced magnetic moment as that of Pt measured by magneto-optics, highlighting the potential of CuBi for spin-charge conversion applications.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jizhe Li, Guohe Huang, Yongping Li, Lirong Liu, Chaoxing Sun
Summary: This study developed a multilayer emission attribution model to understand the mechanism of sectoral emissions at different production layers, ranking the contributions of emissions along sale and supply chain paths. Significant differences were found in sectoral direct emissions along sale chains compared to supply chains at multiple production layers. Policymakers should encourage sectors to improve cleaner production technologies and adjust industrial structures.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yong-Feng Yang, Jing Chen, Chen Cheng, Hong-Gang Luo
Summary: In this study, we numerically investigate the ground state of the extended t-J Hamiltonian with periodic local modulations in one dimension. We obtain a rich ground-state phase diagram and observe enhanced superconductivity and nontrivial topological properties.
Article
Polymer Science
Toru Ube, Romu Nakayama, Tomiki Ikeda
Summary: Thermoplastic polyurethane with azobenzene moieties was developed for reversible photoactuation and shape programming. The material was characterized for phase transition properties, microstructures, and photoinduced deformation behaviors, demonstrating excellent processability and repeatability.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jun'ichi Ieda, Yuta Yamane
Summary: The emergent induction of spiral magnets is further extended by considering the Rashba spin-orbit coupling and electron spin relaxation effects. Output voltages are intrinsically altered via the Rashba effect and extrinsically via nonadiabatic corrections due to spin relaxation and sample disorder. Controlling the amplitude modulation and sign change of the emergent inductance is possible through electrical gating and careful sample preparation, clarifying their origins.
Article
Food Science & Technology
David C. Love, Elizabeth M. Nussbaumer, Jamie Harding, Jessica A. Gephart, James L. Anderson, Frank Asche, Joshua S. Stoll, Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman, Martin W. Bloem
Summary: The study reveals that seafood safety risk is not determined solely by the origin of the seafood, but is influenced by activities at each stage of the supply chain, inherent risks of certain products or processes, and introduced risks. The recommended measures include enhancing investments in food safety and health oversight agencies, improving traceability within the supply chains, and providing more open government datasets for systems-level analyses.
GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hanzhi Han, Youliang Cheng, Changqing Fang, Taifei Zhao, Jie Liu, Haochen Du
Summary: This study synthesized VO2(B) nanobelts via hydrothermal method and prepared flexible sensors using a direct-writing strategy. The sensors showed high sensitivity, excellent stability, and accurate monitoring of various human health signals. Additionally, they enabled gesture recognition and real-time monitoring of human movement through wireless transmission.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Van Dong Pham, Yi Pan, Steven C. Erwin, Felix von Oppen, Kiyoshi Kanisawa, Stefan Foelsch
Summary: Researchers have used a cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope to create a unique quantum structure on a semiconductor surface and have demonstrated its ability to generate one-dimensional topological phases. By assembling charged adatoms into dots, they were able to confine electrons in the surface states of the semiconductor with high precision. The study also highlights the role of electrostatics in these engineered quantum structures.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jahaun Azadmanesh, William E. Lutz, Leighton Coates, Kevin L. Weiss, Gloria E. O. Borgstahl
Summary: Human manganese superoxide dismutase is an important oxidoreductase found in the mitochondrial matrix, using concerted proton and electron transfers to eliminate O-2(center dot-). Neutron crystal structures of Mn3+SOD and Mn2+SOD provide insights into the protonation changes of key residues in the enzyme active site during the redox cycle, revealing a concerted proton and electron transfer mechanism.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. D. Chepelianskii, D. Papoular, D. Konstantinov, H. Bouchiat, K. Kono
Summary: The study identified different plasmon excitation modes in a two-dimensional electron system on the liquid helium surface, including chiral one-dimensional edge magnetoplasmons and delocalized magnetoplasmon modes. The presence of a homogeneous density gradient was found to lead to the formation of these modes in the same frequency range, with experimental confirmation of their existence. This prototype system demonstrates the coupling between a chiral one-dimensional mode and a single delocalized bulk mode, providing insights into the transport properties of topological materials with states of different dimensionality.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
M. A. R. I. A. N. Gidea, Jean-pierre Marco
Summary: We have developed a geometric mechanism to prove the existence of drifting orbits along a prescribed sequence of cylinders, under certain conditions on the dynamics. This mechanism can be applied to Tonelli Hamiltonians and other general Hamiltonians to prove the existence of Arnold diffusion. Our approach focuses on the geometric properties of invariant cylinders and their center-stable and center-unstable manifolds. We have established the existence of diffusing orbits along chains of cylinders based on specific conditions on dynamics and geometric properties of the cylinders.
DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Adriana Lugosan, Airi Kawamura, Diane A. Dickie, Matthias Zeller, John S. Anderson, Wei-Tsung Lee
Summary: Three well-defined iron(II) compounds supported by the NNN pincer ligand were synthesized and characterized, with one of them featuring a one-dimensional chain structure exhibiting single-chain magnet behavior.
INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Christopher J. Holland, Rory M. Crean, Johanne M. Pentier, Ben de Wet, Angharad Lloyd, Velupillai Srikannathasan, Nikolai Lissin, Katy A. Lloyd, Thomas H. Blicher, Paul J. Conroy, Miriam Hock, Robert J. Pengelly, Thomas E. Spinner, Brian Cameron, Elizabeth A. Potter, Anitha Jeyanthan, Peter E. Molloy, Malkit Sami, Milos Aleksic, Nathaniel Liddy, Ross A. Robinson, Stephen Harper, Marco Lepore, Chris R. Pudney, Marc W. van der Kamp, Pierre J. Rizkallah, Bent K. Jakobsen, Annelise Vuidepot, David K. Cole
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2020)
Article
Oncology
Rory M. Crean, Bruce J. MacLachlan, Florian Madura, Thomas Whalley, Pierre J. Rizkallah, Christopher J. Holland, Catriona McMurran, Stephen Harper, Andrew Godkin, Andrew K. Sewell, Christopher R. Pudney, Marc W. van der Kamp, David K. Cole
MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alan Koh, Marjorie J. Gibbon, Marc W. van der Kamp, Christopher R. Pudney, Susanne Gebhard
Summary: Bacteria tightly control gene expression to minimize fitness costs associated with antibiotic resistance. In Bacillus subtilis, a novel regulatory logic involving a two-component system and an ABC transporter allows direct monitoring of detoxification needs. The transporter not only activates the kinase, but also helps maintain its inactive state, ensuring precise flux-dependent signaling control. Transport flux-dependent signaling conserves energy and provides a unique strategy for energy-efficient decision making.
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vickery L. Arcus, Marc W. van der Kamp, Christopher R. Pudney, Adrian J. Mulholland
CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Dora-M Rasadean, Takashi Machida, Kazuki Sada, Christopher R. Pudney, G. Dan Pantos
Summary: In this study, new isoalloxazines were synthesized using a microwave-assisted approach, and the influence of substituents on the optical properties was investigated. It was found that aliphatic functionalities on N10 can increase quantum yields, while aromatic side-chains quench fluorescence. Theoretical calculations showed good agreement with experimental data.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sarah A. Hindson, H. Adrian Bunzel, Bettina Frank, Dimitri A. Svistunenko, Christopher Williams, Marc W. van der Kamp, Adrian J. Mulholland, Christopher R. Pudney, J. L. Ross Anderson
Summary: This study explores the impact of conformational sampling on enzyme activity, demonstrating that 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) can increase enzyme stability and activity while affecting the temperature-activity profile. Macromolecular rate theory (MMRT) is used to understand enzyme temperature dependence data, revealing similarities between a natural peroxidase and the de novo enzyme in terms of thermodynamics and protein dynamics. The addition of TFE causes the de novo enzyme to behave more like the natural enzyme, suggesting strategies for enhancing biocatalytic activity by manipulating protein rigidity.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Rory M. Crean, Christopher R. Pudney, David K. Cole, Marc W. van der Kamp
Summary: The study proposes a reliable protocol for evaluating the binding of T-cell receptor variants to target proteins, which can be efficiently applied to protein design with applications in biological therapeutics.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Samuel D. Winter, Hannah B. L. Jones, Dora M. Rasadean, Rory M. Crean, Michael J. Danson, G. Dan Panto, Gergely Katona, Erica Prentice, Vickery L. Arcus, Marc W. van der Kamp, Christopher R. Pudney
Summary: This study investigates how individual substrate interactions affect the temperature dependence of enzyme activity and the network of motions throughout the protein, revealing how subtle changes in substrate binding can affect global changes in motion and flexibility extending throughout the protein.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nehad Noby, Husam Sabah Auhim, Samuel Winter, Harley L. Worthy, Amira M. Embaby, Hesham Saeed, Ahmed Hussein, Christopher R. Pudney, Pierre J. Rizkallah, Stephen A. Wells, D. Dafydd Jones
Summary: The cold-active esterase EstN7 from Bacillus cohnii strain N1 has a dimeric structure with an acidic surface believed to aid in cold adaptation by maintaining solvation. Although the cap region shows flexibility, the rest of the protein is largely rigid, with an appropriate distribution of hydrophobic tethers for colder conditions. Increased substrate accessibility and tolerance to changes in water entropy are likely key factors in EstN7's cold adaptation rather than changes in dynamics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
A. Kwok, I. S. Camacho, S. Winter, M. Knight, R. M. Meade, M. W. Van der Kamp, A. Turner, J. O'Hara, J. M. Mason, A. R. Jones, V. L. Arcus, C. R. Pudney
Summary: This study introduces a thermodynamic model of the tryptophan red edge excitation shift (REES) effect, which can quantify the relationship between the REES effect and protein flexibility. The model is applied to various examples of different scales, demonstrating its potential for experimental measurement of the protein REES effect and integration with biomolecular simulation to gain new insights.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Sam Craft, Michael Dunn, Dan Vidler, Jane Officer, Ian S. Blagbrough, Christopher R. Pudney, Graeme Henderson, Ahmed Abouzeid, Paul I. Dargan, Michael Eddleston, Jamie Cooper, Simon L. Hill, Clair Roper, Tom P. Freeman, Simon H. L. Thomas
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the trends in hospital presentations for severe toxicity following analytically confirmed synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) exposure before and after the implementation of the Psychoactive Substances Act in the United Kingdom. The results showed no clear evidence of an upward or downward trend in the number of patients presenting with severe acute toxicity since the implementation of the act.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Rachael C. Andrews, Benedict May, Federico J. Hernandez, Gyles E. Cozier, Piers A. Townsend, Oliver B. Sutcliffe, Tom S. F. Haines, Tom P. Freeman, Jennifer Scott, Stephen M. Husbands, Ian S. Blagbrough, Richard W. Bowman, Simon E. Lewis, Matthew N. Grayson, Rachel Crespo-Otero, David R. Carbery, Christopher R. Pudney
Summary: With the prevalence of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) use and the emergence of structurally advanced generations, there is a need for advanced drug detection methods. This study demonstrates the potential of fluorescence spectral fingerprinting (FSF) in rapid SCRA detection. The study also shows the sensitivity of FSFs to structural changes and the identification of specific degradation products.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah A. Hindson, Rachael C. Andrews, Michael J. Danson, Marc W. van Der Kamp, Amy E. Manley, Oliver B. Sutcliffe, Tom S. F. Haines, Tom P. Freeman, Jennifer Scott, Stephen M. Husbands, Ian S. Blagbrough, J. L. Ross Anderson, David R. Carbery, Christopher R. Pudney
Summary: Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are rapidly growing recreational drugs with diverse effects and severe side effects. This study hypothesized that SCRAs may act as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) based on their structural similarity and matching clinical outcomes. Through in silico and experimental studies, it was found that SCRAs are MAO-A-specific inhibitors and their affinity varies depending on the nature of the SCRA 'head' group. This research indicates that SCRA activity is not limited to cannabinoid receptor agonism and suggests alternative interactions to explain their diverse side effects.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Krithika Ramakrishnan, Rachel L. Johnson, Samuel D. Winter, Harley L. Worthy, Christopher Thomas, Diana C. Humer, Oliver Spadiut, Sarah H. Hindson, Stephen Wells, Andrew H. Barratt, Georgina E. Menzies, Christopher R. Pudney, D. Dafydd Jones
Summary: Glycosylation increases the stability and activity of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by promoting tighter protein structure, enhancing thermal stability and inducing helical structure. It also significantly improves enzymatic turnover towards o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride. Glycosylation not only has a passive effect on HRP stability but also mediates the enzyme's activity and stability through changes in inherent dynamics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Annmaree K. Warrender, Jolyn Pan, Chris R. Pudney, Vickery L. Arcus, William Kelton
Summary: A panel of antibodies with different constant region alleles was used to compare their stability using the REES technique. The study found broad stability differences between IgG subclasses, with IgG3 showing the poorest stability. The observed differences in stability were not linked to N297-linked glycan heterogeneity.