Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Johann Zwirner, Aqeeda Singh, Francesca Templer, Benjamin Ondruschka, Niels Hammer
Summary: This study investigated the histological characteristics of plantar and posterior heel spurs, suggesting they may not be pathological but rather results of traction forces. Both types of spurs shared common features such as trabecular architecture or tip direction in relation to attached soft tissues.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Genetics & Heredity
Meihang Li, Jean-Baptiste Riviere, Constantin Polychronakos
Summary: Maturity-onset diabetes in the young (MODY) is a form of monogenic diabetes characterized by early-onset and insulinopenic condition. All forms of MODY are dominantly inherited, but the existence of recessive MODYs has been overlooked due to the absence of family history suggestive of monogenic inheritance.
TRENDS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Cybernetics
Taehyun Ha, Sangwon Lee
Summary: Majority opinions are often seen in online environments. Previous research has shown that minority opinions tend to be silent due to fear of isolation, resulting in the construction of majority opinions. However, it is observed that online users with different minority opinions often engage in conflict, even when they are few in number. To explain this phenomenon, a new theoretical model was developed and validated through analysis of Reddit data. The findings indicate that users in small communities express more homogeneous and less negative opinions, constructing less strong majority opinions than users in large communities who express more heterogeneous and negative opinions and build stronger majority opinions. This model helps explain why majority-opinion users remain silent while minority-opinion users are vocal.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mark Blaxter, John M. Archibald, Anna K. Childers, Jonathan A. Coddington, Keith A. Crandall, Federica Di Palma, Richard Durbin, Scott V. Edwards, Jennifer A. M. Graves, Kevin J. Hackett, Neil Hall, Erich D. Jarvis, Rebecca N. Johnson, Elinor K. Karlsson, W. John Kress, Shigehiro Kuraku, Mara K. N. Lawniczak, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Jose V. Lopez, Nancy A. Moran, Gene E. Robinson, Oliver A. Ryder, Beth Shapiro, Pamela S. Soltis, Tandy Warnow, Guojie Zhang, Harris A. Lewin
Summary: Life on Earth has evolved from simplicity to complexity, with bacteria and archaea excelling in metabolic diversification and eukaryotes displaying morphological innovation. The Earth BioGenome Project proposes sequencing the genomes of all known eukaryotic species to create a digital library of life, which will help address evolutionary and ecological questions and provide insights into speciation, adaptation, and organismal dependencies within ecosystems.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Essam Eldin A. Osman, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Nouri Neamati
Summary: This article analyzes the SARS-CoV-2 sequence and identifies a unique furin cleavage site at the S1/S2 boundary of the spike protein. Cleavage by furin promotes viral entry into lung cells. Furin is a potential therapeutic target for SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial infections. Various furin inhibitors have been reported and their crystal structures provide insights for further drug development.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Victoria L. Pike, Charlie K. Cornwallis, Ashleigh S. Griffin
Summary: The strength of inbreeding avoidance varies across species, with some species not avoiding related mates. Mechanisms for avoiding inbreeding are only found in species with inbreeding depression.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chanwoo Kim, Eunseung Hwang, Jinhyeong Kwon, Tae Hwan Jang, Won Chul Lee, Shi Hyeong Kim, Jongmin Park, Ming-Tsang Lee, Hyun Kim, Sukjoon Hong, Habeom Lee
Summary: This study proposes an unprecedented manufacturing strategy to create a new type of 3D coil spring composed of laser-induced graphene springs (LIG-S) through the pyrolytic jetting technique, enabling high-throughput mass production within seconds.
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Rebecka K. Hahnel-Peeters, Kyle J. Peeters, Aaron T. Goetz
Summary: Research suggests that humans' preferences for landscapes may influence societal development and the design of urban environments.
PSYCHOLOGY OF AESTHETICS CREATIVITY AND THE ARTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Justin Nwafor, Christian Salguero, Franceine Welcome, Sercan Durmus, Rachel N. Glasser, Marc Zimmer, Tanya L. Schneider
Summary: Studies have shown that the conserved glycines Gly31, 33, and 35 are essential for maintaining the integrity of the fluorescent protein structure, while molecular dynamics simulations indicate that mutating these glycines to alanine does not reduce chromophore formation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Muzaffer Ozcan
Summary: The use of equilibrium constants with units is still common in recent chemistry education papers, which can mislead students and instructors. The lack of studies on the logical representation of the derivations of equilibrium constants is the main cause of this issue.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Andrew S. Watson, Luis Castillo
Summary: Assessing the performance of protected-area networks for aquatic biodiversity conservation is crucial, especially in highly biodiverse developing tropical countries. The type of protection and ecological integrity play important roles in the effectiveness of protected areas in biodiversity conservation and managing the trade-offs between cultural activities and conservation.
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Katherine A. Maniates, Andrew Singson
Summary: Complementary forward and reverse genetic approaches have led to a recent surge in the discovery of fertilization genes in various model systems. The number of genetically validated gamete surface molecules has more than doubled in the past few years, with all sperm fertilization genes encoding transmembrane or secreted molecules. However, the discovery of genes encoding oocyte molecules has lagged behind. This review discusses potential experimental biases and biological reasons that may have hindered the identification of egg fertilization genes, as well as current strategies to overcome these obstacles.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brian Owens
Summary: Hot and dry weather combined with human carelessness has caused a massive burned area, resulting in a suffocating haze that is impacting millions of people.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dimitra Vardalaki, Kwanghun Chung, Mark T. Harnett
Summary: Newly generated excitatory synapses in the mammalian cortex lack sufficient AMPA-type glutamate receptors to mediate neurotransmission, resulting in functionally silent synapses that require activity-dependent plasticity to mature. However, adults retain a capacity for neural plasticity and flexible learning, suggesting that the formation of new connections is still prevalent. The study found that a significant percentage of synapses lacked AMPA receptors and were located on thin dendritic protrusions. These silent synapses can be activated through a process called Hebbian plasticity.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wolfgang Schmidt
Summary: A recent study found that plants use an interlaced bimodal peptide-receptor system to sense the pH of their root apoplast, and the readout of this system determines whether plants prioritize growth or defense. This discovery helps us understand how plants respond to pH changes in their environment.
