SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING: PRINCIPLES, NANOSTRUCTURES, FABRICATIONS, AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

This article gives an overview of the development and applications of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques in biomedicine. We first introduce the fundamental principles of the SERS mechanisms. We also present the different fabrication techniques of SERS nanostructures and substrates. Finally, the importance and potential roles of the SERS nanostructures and substrates in biomedical applications are summarized.