Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sarah E. Neil-Sztramko, Hilary Caldwell, Maureen Dobbins
Summary: This study reviewed the effectiveness of school-based interventions in increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity and improving fitness among children and adolescents aged 6 to 18. The findings suggest that school-based interventions may have minimal effects on physical activity participation time and sedentary time, but could improve physical fitness and lead to slight reductions in BMI z-scores.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Danny Spampinato, Pablo Celnik
Summary: Learning new motor behaviors involves multiple distinct neural substrates, which can be understood through formation of internal models and positive reinforcement. Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques can provide insights into the underlying motor learning processes. Different physiological mechanisms contribute differently to recalibrating previously learned movements and acquiring new motor control policies, with contributions changing based on the time course of learning and type of behaviors being learned.
Article
Pediatrics
Shahrokh Yousefzade-Chabok, Samira Azari, Leila Kouchakinejad-Eramsadati, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Marjan Hosseinnia, Naema Khodadadi-Hassankiadeh
Summary: The study in 2020 found that only 11.3% of students used restraint systems in school transport vehicles. The use of restraint systems was significantly higher in SUVs, in areas with medium and low income, and when students were sitting in the rear seats. This highlights the need to enhance safety awareness among students in school buses.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Sara Wawrzyniak, Ireneusz Cichy, Ana Rita Matias, Damian Pawlik, Agnieszka Kruszwicka, Michal Klichowski, Andrzej Rokita
Summary: Eduball is a method using educational balls to improve students' physical fitness and academic performance, but its impact on children's graphomotor skills is not well understood. The study found that primary school students participating in Eduball PE classes showed better writing skills, supporting the interdisciplinary model of education for holistic student development.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jordan Bamford, Gerard Leavey, Michael Rosato, Natalie Divin, Gavin Breslin, Dagmar Corry
Summary: This study explores the relationship between adolescent mental well-being, religion, and family activities in a school-based sample from Northern Ireland. The findings suggest that non-religious adolescents may have lower mental well-being scores compared to their religious peers, regardless of religious denomination. This may be due to a lack of firm identity and a sense of marginalization. Additionally, poor family cohesion is associated with poorer mental well-being in adolescents.
Article
Environmental Studies
Amy Lubitow, Raoul S. Lievanos, Erika Carpenter, Julius Alexander McGee
Summary: This study examines the challenges faced by hard-to-reach populations in completing household activity surveys, highlighting the lack of social, cultural, and linguistic applicability in the survey methods for Black, Indigenous, and low-income populations. It emphasizes the need for transportation planning data to accurately reflect all populations in order to achieve transportation equity and justice.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Alexander M. Dreyer, Leo Michalke, Anat Perry, Edward F. Chang, Jack J. Lin, Robert T. Knight, Jochem W. Rieger
Summary: Broadly congruent and strictly congruent mirror neurons have been observed in primate studies, with the former responding to any grasp movement and the latter responding only to specific grasp movements. This study focused on classifying grasp types in humans using electrocorticography data, and found successful classification during movement observation and execution but not during movement retention. The results provide evidence for grasp-congruent activity in the human mirror neuron system, potentially originating from strictly congruent mirror neurons.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raffaele Boni, Alessandra Gallo, Elisabetta Tosti
Summary: This review examines two commonly used techniques for evaluating gamete and embryo functionality in animal species. Electrophysiology reveals the involvement of ion channels in reproductive mechanisms and triggers profound metabolic modifications. Fluorescence spectrometry provides detailed information on functional characteristics of cell populations by using fluorescent probes to mark specific cell structures.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anand Tekriwal, Gidon Felsen, Steven G. Ojemann, Aviva Abosch, John A. Thompson
Summary: The severity of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) is influenced by environmental conditions. This study investigates the neural mechanisms underlying context-dependent symptom attenuation in PD patients undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery. The results suggest that the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) plays a role in motor planning and execution, and should be further studied in human sensorimotor integration and as a target for neuromodulatory therapies.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Anna Wirz-Justice, Debra J. Skene, Mirjam Munch
Summary: Daylight plays a crucial role in mammalian vision and non-visual functions, influencing mood, cognition, and sleep, as well as contributing to disease prevention and overall health.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Jens Spiesshoefer, Alberto Giannoni, Chiara Borrelli, Paolo Sciarrone, Imke Husstedt, Michele Emdin, Claudio Passino, Florian Kahles, Tye Dawood, Binaya Regmi, Matthew Naughton, Michael Dreher, Matthias Boentert, Vaughan G. Macefield
Summary: This study found that periodic breathing patterns with shorter periods of hyperventilation are associated with increased sympathetic nerve activity and decreased heart rate variability. Simulated periodic breathing with short hyperventilation resulted in a significant increase in sympathetic nerve activity compared to normal breathing. However, there was no change in sympathetic nerve activity during periodic breathing with long hyperventilation.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Joanne R. Beames, Raghu Lingam, Katherine Boydell, Alison L. Calear, Michelle Torok, Kate Maston, Isabel Zbukvic, Kit Huckvale, Philip J. Batterham, Helen Christensen, Aliza Werner-Seidler
Summary: Process evaluations provide insights into how interventions are implemented and why they may work in some contexts but not others. This study outlines the protocol for a process evaluation embedded in a cluster randomised trial of a digital depression prevention intervention delivered to secondary school students. The methods include interviews, usage data collection, and questionnaires to capture data on intervention implementation, school contextual factors, and responses from school staff and students.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
P. Keightley, T. Foster, K. Eggins, R. E. Reay
Summary: This study explores clinician reactions and perceptions of support following child and adolescent suicide. The results show that some clinicians are satisfied with the support they receive, while others feel it is inadequate. They need to temporarily step back and recover after challenging experiences, and receive support from their team.
OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bina Ram, Kimberley A. Foley, Esther van Sluijs, Dougal S. Hargreaves, Russell M. Viner, Sonia Saxena
Summary: This study aimed to develop a core outcome set (COS) for physical activity interventions in primary schools. A four-stage process was conducted, including extracting outcomes from relevant studies, producing a list of outcomes, conducting a Delphi survey, and achieving consensus through a stakeholder meeting. Fourteen outcomes were identified, categorized into three domains: physical activity and health, social and emotional health, and educational performance.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Francesco Gavazzi, Laura Adang, Amy Waldman, Amanda K. Jan, Geraldine Liu, Scott A. Lorch, Sara B. DeMauro, Justine Shults, Samuel R. Pierce, Elizabeth Ballance, Tracy Kornafel, Ann Harrington, Allan M. Glanzman, Adeline Vanderver
Summary: This study demonstrated the feasibility and reliability of using the GMFM-88 remotely in individuals with leukodystrophy, compared to standard in-person assessments. Remote application of outcome measures may be particularly valuable for rare diseases and individuals with severe neurological disabilities.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Nicholas D. Spence, Amanda S. Newton, Rachel A. Keaschuk, Kathryn A. Ambler, Nicholas L. Holt, Mary M. Jetha, Aislin R. Mushquash, Rhonda J. Rosychuk, Arya M. Sharma, John C. Spence, Geoff D. C. Ball
Summary: This study compared the effects of parent-based interventions based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) principles and a psychoeducation program (PEP) in improving obesity in children. The results showed that the CBT-based intervention was not superior to the PEP-based intervention.
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
K. Schreiner, J. C. Spence, J. B. Davie, J. A. Stearns, T-L F. Mchugh
Summary: Participatory approaches, such as community-based participatory research, have become more common in the physical activity literature. However, there is a lack of description on the processes of successfully engaging in such research. This study aims to identify promising practices for engaging in physical activity-focused participatory research in northern Indigenous communities in Canada. The experiences and suggestions of community members are crucial in ensuring respectful and relevant research projects.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN SPORT EXERCISE AND HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Bo-Huei Huang, Mitch J. Duncan, Mark Hamer, Emmanuel Stamatakis
Summary: This study examined the bidirectional association between discretionary screen time (DST) and sleep patterns in adults. The findings suggest that high DST is associated with poor sleep, and poor sleep is associated with high DST.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jean-Philippe Chaput, Andrew W. McHill, Rebecca C. Cox, Josiane L. Broussard, Caroline Dutil, Bruno G. G. da Costa, Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga, Kenneth P. Wright
Summary: Traditional risk factors cannot fully explain the high prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment have gained increasing research attention and are associated with poor metabolic health and weight gain. This Review discusses the impact of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment on appetite hormones, energy expenditure, food intake, and obesity risk in humans. It also suggests potential strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of sleep disruption.
NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jean -Philippe Chaput, Ian Janssen, Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga, Colleen E. Carney, Thien Thanh Dang-Vu, Judith R. Davidson, Rebecca Robillard, Charles M. Morin
Summary: This study estimated the healthcare and productivity costs associated with insomnia symptoms in Canadian adults. Using a prevalence-based approach, three pieces of information were used to calculate estimates: the relative risk estimates of health outcomes associated with insomnia symptoms, the costs of these health outcomes, and the prevalence of insomnia symptoms in the population.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jean-Philippe Chaput, Ian Janssen, Justin J. Lang, Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the health care and health-related productivity costs associated with excessive sedentary behavior in Canadian adults. The total costs were $2.2 billion (8 h/day) and $1.8 billion (9 h/day) in 2021, representing 1.6% and 1.3% of the overall burden of illness costs, respectively. The most expensive chronic diseases attributable to excessive sedentary behavior were cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. A 10% decrease in excessive sedentary behavior would save an estimated $219 million per year in costs.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jean-Philippe Chaput, Ian Janssen, Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga, Grant R. Tomkinson, Justin J. Lang
Summary: We used a prevalence-based approach to estimate the economic costs associated with low muscle strength, as assessed using handgrip strength, in Canadian adults. The annual economic burden of low muscle strength in Canada is estimated at $3.0 billion, accounting for 2.2% of the overall burden of illness costs in 2021. Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are the two most expensive chronic diseases attributable to low muscle strength. A 10% decrease in the prevalence of low handgrip strength would result in savings of approximately $546 million per year.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Marcus Vinicius Veber Lopes, Thiago Sousa Matias, Bruno Gonsalves Galdino da Costa, Felipe Barreto Schuch, Jean -Philippe Chaput, Kelly Samara Silva
Summary: Although leisure physical activity has consistently been shown to have beneficial effects on mental health, the effects of physical activity in other domains such as domestic, transport, and occupational are uncertain. This study examined the relationship between domain-specific physical activity and depressive symptoms in a representative sample of the Brazilian population, and found that lower leisure-time physical activity and higher levels of physical activity in the domestic, occupational, and transport domains were associated with higher depressive symptoms. The study also found that the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms was dependent on age, with higher domestic and transport physical activity levels associated with lower depressive symptoms among older adults.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Sara Pereira, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Donald Hedeker, Tiago V. Barreira, Rui Garganta, Claudio Farias, Fernando Garbeloto, Go Tani, Jean-Philippe Chaput, David F. Stodden, Jose Maia
Summary: The REACT project aims to assess children's growth and motor development after the COVID-19 pandemic and track their fundamental movement skills' developmental trajectories using a novel technological device. The study involves 1000 children aged 6-10 from primary schools in Matosinhos, Portugal, and examines variables related to the child, family, school, and home environment. The results will provide valuable information for school administrators, teachers, and parents regarding children's growth, motor development, and health.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Mila Bjelica, Rachel G. Walker, Joyce Obeid, Robert M. Issenman, Brian W. Timmons
Summary: This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, participant satisfaction, and efficacy of a training program for youth with IBD. The results showed that supervised exercise training is feasible, safe, and effective for youth with IBD and should be encouraged.
PEDIATRIC EXERCISE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Markus J. Duncan, Jessica Mitchell, Negin A. Riazi, Emily Belita, Leigh M. Vanderloo, Sarah Carsley, Valerie Carson, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Guy Faulkner, Scott T. Leatherdale, Karen A. Patte
Summary: This study aimed to assess the changes in sleep duration and guideline adherence among different sub-populations of Canadian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that females had greater sleep gain and increased adherence to guidelines compared to males. Asian individuals had lower sleep gain, while individuals from large urban areas had shorter sleep duration and lower guideline adherence. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with greater sleep gain. The differences in sleep gain and guideline adherence between males and females were significantly influenced by race/ethnicity and urbanicity.
SSM-POPULATION HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Bhanu Sharma, Joyce Obeid, Carol Dematteo, Michael D. Noseworthy, Brian W. Timmons
Summary: The study aimed to quantify accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time in children with concussion and healthy controls. The findings revealed that children with concussion were less active and spent more time being sedentary, especially female participants.
PEDIATRIC EXERCISE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Jean-Philippe Chaput, Sara Pereira, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Donald Hedeker, Tiago V. Barreira, Rui Garganta, Claudio Farias, Fernando Garbeloto, Go Tani, David F. Stodden, Jose Maia
Summary: This study aimed to examine the association between sleep characteristics and fundamental movement skills (FMS) proficiency levels in school-aged children. The results, based on a sample of 996 children, showed that sleep characteristics were not related to FMS proficiency levels. However, being a boy, older age, and higher physical activity levels were significantly associated with better FMS proficiency.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Donald Hedeker, Sara Pereira, Fernando Garbeloto, Tiago V. Barreira, Rui Garganta, Claudio Farias, Go Tani, Jean-Philippe Chaput, David F. Stodden, Jose Maia, Peter T. Katzmarzyk
Summary: In this article, we described the statistical analysis of longitudinal ordinal motor development data using the multilevel ordinal logistic model. The results showed both the between-subjects and within-subjects effects of age on motor development outcomes at three timepoints. The findings suggested that older children had higher motor development ratings and there was a positive correlation between age and motor development ratings.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Makayla Watt, Ashley Hyde, Emily Johnson, Gail M. Wright, Shauna Vander Well, Chikku Sadasivan, Dayna Lee-Baggley, John C. Spence, Andrew Mason, Hin Hin Ko, Edward Tam, Puneeta Tandon
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an online mind-body intervention on mental and physical symptoms in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. The results showed significant improvements in depression, perceived stress, and certain indicators of quality of life in the intervention group. Although no improvements in fatigue were observed in the main analysis, a significant benefit was found in a subgroup of intervention participants who adhered to the mind-body video routine.
HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
