Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Hipolito Perez-Martin, Cristina Lidon-Moyano, Adrian Gonzalez-Marron, Marcela Fu, Raul Perez-Ortuno, Montse Ballbe, Juan Carlos Martin-Sanchez, Jose A. Pascual, Esteve Fernandez, Jose M. Martinez-Sanchez
Summary: This study analyzed data from a longitudinal and a cross-sectional study to investigate the nicotine metabolite ratio among tobacco smokers, e-cigarette users with and without nicotine, and nonusers. The findings showed that exclusive users of e-cigarettes without nicotine had the lowest nicotine metabolic rate, while cigarette smokers had the highest. Nonusers had a lower nicotine metabolic rate compared to cigarette smokers. Additionally, younger individuals and those with lower body mass index had higher nicotine metabolic rates.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wei Gao, Clemens Kirschbaum
Summary: Tobacco smoking poses a significant threat to public health globally. Hair nicotine and cotinine analyses can provide a retrospective index of long-term exposure. Understanding the association between hair nicotine, cotinine levels, and hair cortisol, cortisone levels is crucial for future research.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Muayad Hashim Matloob, Ameena Ryhan Diajil
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the concentration of cotinine in saliva as a mirror for serum cotinine in chronic tobacco smokers. The results showed a significant difference between saliva and serum, with saliva cotinine cut-offs showing high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing smokers from non-smokers.
JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL AND DENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marie-Soleil R. Smith, Sara Saberi, Abhinav Ajaykumar, Mayanne M. T. Zhu, Izabelle Gadawski, Beheroze Sattha, Evelyn J. Maan, Julie Van Shalkwyk, Chelsea Elwood, Neora Pick, Melanie C. M. Murray, Isabelle Boucoiran, Deborah M. Money, Helene C. F. Cote
Summary: Understanding the true burden of tobacco smoking on adverse pregnancy outcomes is critical in generating appropriate interventions to improve outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the consistency between self-reported smoking and concentrations of plasma cotinine, a biomarker of smoking, among participants enrolled in two related HIV cohorts. The results demonstrate that participant surveying in a non-judgemental context can lead to accurate and robust self-report smoking data.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kaitlyn O. Browning, Michael J. DeSarno, Danielle R. Davis, Joanna M. Streck, Cecilia L. Bergeria, Roxanne F. Harfmann, Maria A. Parker, Sarah H. Heil, Stacey C. Sigmon, Diann E. Gaalema, Jennifer W. Tidey, Dustin C. Lee, Haley J. Tetreault, Stephen T. Higgins
Summary: This study uses multivariate regression to investigate the contribution of the reinforcing value of smoking and nicotine-dependence severity to individual differences in nicotine exposure levels among vulnerable populations. The results suggest that differences in reinforcing value may underpin a considerable portion of the variance in nicotine exposure accounted for by dependence severity.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Claire Roseren, Sylvia Binck, Francois Fays, Maria Ruiz-Castell, Hanen Samouda, Brice M. R. Appenzeller
Summary: Despite efforts to reduce tobacco consumption, smoking remains a leading cause of death for both smokers and nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). This study investigates the determinants of ETS in young adult students, who are considered at higher risk of exposure due to their specific lifestyle. The results highlight the widespread exposure to ETS in this population and emphasize the importance of exposure assessment and hair analysis.
DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Basile Amice, Harvey Ho, En Zhang, Chris Bullen
Summary: This research report presents a rare physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for the absorption, disposition, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine in pregnant women. The model successfully reproduces the higher clearance rates of nicotine and cotinine in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women, with simulation results showing temporal profiles for their disposition in organs such as the brain, including nicotine reaching its peak concentration within 2 minutes after intravenous injection. Further pharmacokinetic experiments are needed to refine clearance parameters for individual organs and the fetus.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Hipolito Perez-Martin, Cristina Lidon-Moyano, Adrian Gonzalez-Marron, Marcela Fu, Raul Perez-ortuno, Montse Ballbe, Juan Carlos Martin-Sanchez, Jose A. Pascual, Esteve Fernandez, Jose M. Martinez-Sanchez
Summary: This study evaluates variations in salivary cotinine cut-off points before and after the implementation of smoke-free legislation in Barcelona and finds that the legislation effectively reduces secondhand smoke exposure and lowers the cut-off point for salivary cotinine concentration.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Shulei Han, Chuan Liu, Huan Chen, Ya'ning Fu, Yuan Zhang, Ruijuan Miao, Peipei Ren, Pengpeng Yu, Zhihao Shi, Yushan Tian, Hongjuan Wang, Tong Liu, Hongwei Hou, Qingyuan Hu
Summary: This study investigated the pharmacokinetic properties of different nicotine salt systems in an animal model. The results showed variations in absorption rate, metabolic rate, and clearance among these systems. Nicotine benzoate reached and maintained a higher concentration in the body compared to nicotine lactate, nicotine tartrate, and freebase nicotine. Additionally, the concentration of nicotine benzoate in the plasma decreased with increasing benzoic acid ratios.
DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Debora Groppetti, Giulia Pizzi, Alessandro Pecile, Valerio Bronzo, Silvia Michela Mazzola
Summary: This study aimed to measure cotinine concentration in the serum and hair of dogs that were exposed to the owner's tobacco smoke and to compare it with that of unexposed dogs. The results showed that cotinine concentrations were significantly higher in exposed dogs than unexposed dogs, and there were differences in cotinine concentrations between different sex dogs. These results confirmed cotinine as a marker of passive smoking in dogs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hyun-Seung Lee, Mi-Ryung Chun, Soo-Youn Lee
Summary: Measuring multiple nicotine metabolites and total nicotine equivalents (TNE) is a more reliable method for verifying tobacco exposure compared to measuring single urinary cotinine alone. This measurement can be helpful for monitoring low-level or secondhand smoke exposure and for determining individual differences in nicotine metabolism.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jenny Becam, Edouard Martin, Gildas Pouradier, Natalia Doudka, Caroline Solas, Romain Guilhaumou, Nicolas Fabresse
Summary: We present a case of accidental nicotine intoxication in a 22-year-old man working in an e-liquid manufacturing company. The patient spilled 300 mL of pure nicotine solution on his leg without protection, experiencing symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and burning sensations. He recovered without treatment after five hours. This case highlights the importance of protective clothing when handling nicotine-containing liquid products.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kevin T. Caron, Wanzhe Zhu, John T. Bernert, Lanqing Wang, Benjamin C. Blount, Kristin Dortch, Ronald E. Hunter, Tia Harmon, J. Ricky Akins, James Tsai, David M. Homa, James L. Pirkle, Connie S. Sosnoff
Summary: This study examined long-term trends in serum cotinine concentrations among U.S. nonsmokers from 2003 to 2018, revealing a significant decrease in cotinine levels across all demographic groups. While disparities in secondhand smoke exposure are shrinking, certain disparities still exist in SHS exposure among different population groups in the U.S.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wei-Hung Chan, Ching-Huang Lai, Shu-Jia Huang, Chung-Chi Huang, Chung-Yu Lai, Yi-Chun Liu, Shiang-Huei Jiang, Shan-Ru Li, Ya-Mei Tzeng, Senyeong Kao, Yu-Tien Chang, Chia-Chao Wu, Chao-Yin Kuo, Kuang-Chen Hung, Yu-Lung Chiu
Summary: This study evaluated smoking rates in the military through questionnaire surveying and verified self-reported smoking behavior using urine cotinine concentration testing. It also analyzed the impact of second-hand smoking on urine cotinine concentrations. The results showed an overall underestimation of 7.0% in self-reported smoking behavior, highlighting the need for routine biochemical testing for accurate assessment.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Samuel Bru, Adrian Gonzalez-Marron, Cristina Lidon-Moyano, Reyes Carballar, Joan Marc Martinez-Lainez, Hipolito Perez-Martin, Marcela Fu, Raul Perez-Ortuno, Montse Ballbe, Jose A. Pascual, Esteve Fernandez, Josep Clotet, Jose M. Martinez-Sanchez
Summary: This study aimed to assess the association between nicotine and soluble ACE2 concentrations in saliva samples. The results showed a slight increase in soluble ACE2 concentrations with nicotine, but the correlation was weak.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)