Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tiantian Sun, Shiyan Mai, Hongzhao Mao, Huiting Li, Yunyao Duan, Shuai Meng, Jiaolin Bao, Ning Ding, Chengli Zong
Summary: Around 100 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumonia (Spn) have been discovered, with 90% of severe diseases in children caused by 13 serotypes. The burden of pneumococcal disease has been significantly reduced with the success of pneumococcal bacterial polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PCVs). The non-vaccine serotype 31 has increased in prevalence. The revised structure of the serotype 31 polysaccharide (s-31-ps) has been reported, and a conjugate vaccine has been prepared using organic solvent instead of water.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sheena Crosby, Michael J. Schuh, Michelle Becker, Marina Ivanov, Freddy Caldera, Francis A. Farraye
Summary: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a high risk of developing invasive pneumococcal infection. Pneumococcal vaccination can decrease this risk, and two new vaccines (PCV15 and PCV20) are now recommended for IBD patients who have not received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine before. This report aims to inform clinicians about the changes in immunization practices and provide guidance on vaccination series for IBD patients.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Claudine El-Beyrouty, Rebecca Buckler, Meghan Mitchell, Samantha Phillips, Sara Groome
Summary: Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a significant pathogen causing both mild and severe infections, and the development of vaccines and improved vaccination rates have greatly reduced mortality.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Katrine Finderup Nielsen, Lise Birk Nielsen, Frederikke Kristensen Lomholt, Sarah Kristine Norgaard, Hans-Christian Slotved, Tine Dalby, Kurt Fuursted, Charlotte Svaerke Jorgensen, Palle Valentiner-Branth
Summary: This study estimated the effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among individuals aged 65 years and above. The results showed an adjusted vaccine effectiveness of 42% for all-serotype IPD and 58% for PPV23-serotype IPD, using no vaccination as the reference.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Tianjing Hu, David F. Miller, Amber W. Taylor, Christine Riley, Caitlin McCormick, Keely N. Thomas, Rachel Y. Gao, Kathy L. Rowlen, Emilia B. Byrne, Pardeep Kumar, Soo Kyung Kim, Erica D. Dawson
Summary: Pneumonia is a major cause of death in children worldwide, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Effective vaccines are available to reduce the burden of the disease, but manufacturing and characterizing pneumococcal conjugate vaccines is challenging. We have developed a new assay that can quickly identify and quantify multiple serotypes of pneumococcal vaccines. The assay is highly specific and accurate, and can be used for adjuvanted vaccines.
Article
Immunology
Javid Aceil, Amy Paschall, Cory J. Knoot, Lloyd S. Robinson, Nichollas E. Scott, Mario F. Feldman, Christian M. Harding, Fikri Y. Avci
Summary: Capsular polysaccharides are widely used as the main components of glycoconjugate vaccines against bacterial diseases. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are administered globally to prevent pneumococcal disease. Our previous research has shown the efficacy of a bioconjugation method in producing pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
Article
Microbiology
Thomas Chandler, Stephen Furmanek, Ruth Carrico, Dawn Balcom, Forest Arnold, Julio Ramirez
Summary: This study analyzed the effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for preventing hospitalization due to serotype-specific community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The results showed that PPSV23 did not offer protection against CAP hospitalization caused by the vaccine-contained serotypes. This study highlights the importance of developing more effective vaccines for the prevention of hospitalization due to S. pneumoniae CAP.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Deus Thindwa, Samuel Clifford, Jackie Kleynhans, Anne von Gottberg, Sibongile Walaza, Susan Meiring, Todd D. Swarthout, Elizabeth Miller, Peter McIntyre, Nick Andrews, Zahin Amin-Chowdhury, Norman Fry, Kondwani C. Jambo, Neil French, Samanta Cristine Grassi Almeida, Shamez N. Ladhani, Robert S. Heyderman, Cheryl Cohen, Maria Cristina de Cunto Brandileone, Stefan Flasche
Summary: The risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) increases with age for older adults, but the population benefiting from pneumococcal vaccines and the immunogenic response to vaccination decline. This study examined the impact of demographics, vaccine efficacy, and waning efficacy on the optimal age for pneumococcal vaccination. The findings suggest that administering pneumococcal vaccines earlier in adulthood in low/middle-income countries could prevent a significant proportion of residual IPD burden.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Catarina Silva-Costa, Joana Gomes-Silva, Ines Teodoro, Mario Ramirez, Jose Melo-Cristino
Summary: The introduction of PCV13 in Portugal's national immunization plan led to a stabilization in the proportion of PCV13 serotypes causing IPD in adults after three years with a high uptake rate. The increase in serotype 8 IPD was a factor driving the increased coverage of the PPV23 vaccine. Antimicrobial resistance was associated with older age and specific serotypes.
Article
Rheumatology
Rabia Deniz, Zeliha Emrence, Yasemin Yalcinkaya, Bahar Artim Esen, Murat Inanc, Mahdume Lale Ocal, Ahmet Gul
Summary: The skin pathergy test (SPT) conducted using a 20G needle prick and PS-23 antigens has been shown to have improved sensitivity in the diagnosis of Behcet disease (BD). This method can increase the diagnostic rate of BD, especially in patients with active disease.
Article
Immunology
Matthew Cravens, Akhil S. Alugupalli, Vijay K. Sandilya, Stephen J. McGeady, Kishore R. Alugupalli
Summary: The study found that anti-PPS IgM alone is sufficient to confer protective immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae, demonstrating that IgM response is adequate to generate an immune response.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Antonia Morga, Tomomi Kimura, Qi Feng, Nigel Rozario, Jason Schwartz
Summary: This study evaluated compliance to pneumococcal vaccination recommendations for adults aged >= 65 years and with high-risk conditions. The findings showed low compliance rates and suggested the need for additional efforts to improve vaccination rates to reduce the incidence and burden of pneumococcal disease.
Article
Immunology
Alamgir Kabir, Deborah Randall, Anthony T. Newall, Hannah C. Moore, Sanjay Jayasinghe, Parveen Fathima, Bette Liu, Peter Mcintyre, Heather F. Gidding
Summary: The impact of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) on hospitalization for pneumonia was evaluated in Indigenous children in Western Australia. The study found that there was no statistically significant reduction in overall pneumonia hospitalization rates with PPV23, but the effectiveness varied for different categories of pneumonia. Larger studies controlling for confounding factors are needed to further assess the vaccination.
Article
Respiratory System
Toshihiro Masuda, Eiji Nakatani, Toshihiro Shirai, Taisuke Akamatsu, Kanami Tamura, Shingo Takahashi, Yuko Tanaka, Hirofumi Watanabe, Yoshinari Endo, Takahito Suzuki, Mika Saigusa, Akito Yamamoto, Satoru Morita, Yoko Sato, Kazuhiro Asada
Summary: This study suggests that PPSV23 can be useful in preventing pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly outpatients with chronic respiratory diseases, especially in age groups of 70 and above and 75 and above.
BMC PULMONARY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Laine M. Hosking, Kirsten P. Perrett, Christine Czajko, Marilyn Clark, Sinead Flynn, Stephanie Richards, Sharon Choo
Summary: The objective of this study was to verify the interpretation criteria for an automated multi-serotype pneumococcal ELISA. The study found that a majority of adults and children tested achieved an adequate antibody response to the 23-valent capsular polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine. However, the immunogenicity of serotypes contained within conjugate vaccines was lower in adults who had not received the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)