Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sheng-Fu Liu, Chih-Kuo Lee, Kuan-Chih Huang, Lian-Yu Lin, Mu-Yang Hsieh, Ting-Tse Lin
Summary: The study found that the use of beta-blockers in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients can reduce the all-cause mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). Among them, treatment with non-selective beta-blockers was significantly associated with a lower risk of mortality.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anders Holt, Paul Blanche, Bochra Zareini, Deepthi Rajan, Mohammed El-Sheikh, Anne-Marie Schjerning, Morten Schou, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Patricia McGettigan, Gunnar H. Gislason, Morten Lamberts
Summary: This study found no long-term effect of beta-blocker (BB) treatment on cardiovascular prognosis in stable, optimally treated myocardial infarction (MI) patients without heart failure (HF) from 3 months to 3 years after MI admission.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dexter Canoy, Jenny Tran, Mariagrazia Zottoli, Rema Ramakrishnan, Abdelaali Hassaine, Shishir Rao, Yikuan Li, Gholamreza Salimi-Khorshidi, Robyn Norton, Kazem Rahimi
Summary: Myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes are associated with excess mortality, but the risk does not amplify in individuals with all three diseases. The presence of other comorbidities substantially contributes to the elevated mortality risks associated with cardiometabolic disease multimorbidity.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anna M. Kucharska-Newton, Matthew Shane Loop, Manuela Bullo, Carlton Moore, Stephanie W. Haas, Lynne Wagenknecht, Eric A. Whitsel, Gerardo Heiss
Summary: This study compared the extraction of electronic health record (EHR) data on troponin I and T levels with human abstraction for heart disease classification criteria. The results showed that extracting the maximum troponin values during hospitalization from EHR structured data is feasible and accurate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Pierpaolo Pellicori, Alex McConnachie, Christopher Carlin, Ann Wales, John G. F. Cleland
Summary: Using electronic health records, a pragmatic and parsimonious multivariable model was developed to predict 90-day mortality in patients hospitalized with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The model, based on a small number of variables including age, sex, length of hospital stay, prior diagnosis, prescription, and laboratory data, showed excellent calibration and reasonable discrimination. The risk-calculator can be useful for service-evaluation, clinical management, risk-stratification, and patient selection for clinical research.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sanne A. E. Peters, Mark Woodward
Summary: A study on over 263,000 women without a history of cardiovascular disease found that higher levels of estradiol were not associated with a decreased risk of myocardial infarction. The presumed cardioprotective effects of estradiol seem to be largely confounded by age and further confounded by other cardiovascular risk factors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maud Miguet, Sotirios Venetis, Gull Rukh, Lars Lind, Helgi B. Schioth
Summary: This study suggests that spending more than 3.5 hours outdoors per day is a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between time spent outdoors and cardiovascular diseases.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katherine M. Livingstone, Gavin Abbott, Joey Ward, Steven J. Bowe
Summary: Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors were significantly associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, MI, and stroke, independent of genetic risk. The Polygenic Risk Score was associated with MI risk. Evidence of a lifestyle-genetics interaction was found for stroke risk.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Luke C. Pilling, Deniz Turkmen, Hannah Fullalove, Janice L. Atkins, Joao Delgado, Chia-Ling Kuo, George A. Kuchel, Luigi Ferrucci, Jack Bowden, Jane A. H. Masoli, David Melzer
Summary: The study found that in UK primary care patients, individuals carrying CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles had a higher risk of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction when prescribed clopidogrel. Therefore, genotype-guided selection of antiplatelet medications may improve outcomes in patients with CYP2C19 genetic variants.
Article
Immunology
Dmitri Guz, Shira Buchritz, Alina Guz, Alon Ikan, Tania Babich, Vered Daitch, Anat Gafter-Gvili, Leonard Leibovici, Tomer Avni
Summary: Long-term beta-blocker therapy is associated with decreased mortality rates in patients hospitalized with sepsis in internal medicine wards, especially those with absolute and relative tachycardia. The use of beta-blockers may have a protective effect on short-term survival outcomes.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
J. Kennedy, M. Parker, M. Seaborne, M. Mhereeg, A. Walker, V Walker, S. Denaxas, N. Kennedy, S. Katikireddi, S. Brophy
Summary: This study investigates the healthcare utilization of COVID-19 patients compared to matched controls, finding that COVID-19 infection is associated with increased risks of post-viral illness, fatigue, embolism, and respiratory conditions.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Prakash Adekkanattu, Mark Olfson, Leah C. Susser, Braja Patra, Veer Vekaria, Brandon J. Coombes, Lauren Lepow, Brian Fennessy, Alexander Charney, Euijung Ryu, Kurt D. Miller, Lifang Pan, Tenzin Yangchen, Ardesheer Talati, Priya Wickramaratne, Myrna Weissman, John Mann, Joanna M. Biernacka, Jyotishman Pathak
Summary: This study used clinical data from the INSIGHT Clinical Research Network in New York City to examine comorbidities and healthcare utilization in patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD). The results showed that TRD patients had higher rates of anxiety disorder and physical comorbidities, as well as increased emergency room visits and inpatient stays compared to non-TRD major depressive disorder (MDD) patients.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Aniruddh P. Patel, Minxian Wang, Uri Kartoun, Kenney Ng, Amit V. Khera
Summary: This study found that individuals of South Asian ancestry have a significantly higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease compared to those of European ancestry, with the risk not being captured by existing risk estimators.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Alberto Aimo, Francesco Pelliccia, Giorgia Panichella, Giuseppe Vergaro, Andrea Barison, Claudio Passino, Michele Emdin, Paolo G. Camici
Summary: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) accounts for 1-3% of patients with suspected ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, with a sudden surge in sympathetic nervous system considered as the cause. While no specific recommendations exist, beta-blocker therapy may be reasonable for TTS treatment until LV ejection fraction fully recovers, despite limited evidence.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Katie Harris, Sanne A. E. Peters, Mark Woodward
Summary: This study aimed to examine the association between sex hormones and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). The results showed that a higher estrogen-to-testosterone ratio in men was associated with a lower risk of MI, while no similar association was found in women.
BIOLOGY OF SEX DIFFERENCES
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Helen Strongman, Emily Herrett, Rod Jackson, Michael Sweeting, Alexander R. Lyon, Susannah Stanway, Claire Lawson, Umesh Kadam, Liam Smeeth, Krishnan Bhaskaran
Summary: This study aimed to assess whether cancer diagnosis should be included in cardiovascular risk scores. The results showed that including a 1-year cancer survivorship variable in a QRISK3-based model met the threshold for inclusion for males, but not females. When considering cancer type, the threshold was met for both sexes with a history of haematological cancer, and for males but not females with a history of solid cancers. Developers should consider including cancer history variables in future cardiovascular risk models.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jennifer A. Davidson, Amitava Banerjee, Ian Douglas, Clemence Leyrat, Richard Pebody, Helen McDonald, Emily Herrett, Harriet Forbes, Liam Smeeth, Charlotte Warren-Gash
Summary: This study reveals that the incidence of first myocardial infarction and stroke is reduced 1-3 months after influenza vaccination. However, it is still unclear how underlying cardiovascular risk affects this association.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sarah Cook, Niklas Schmedt, Julie Broughton, Philip A. Kalra, Laurie A. Tomlinson, Jennifer K. Quint
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and rates of cardiovascular and renal complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated in routine clinical care. The results showed that the prevalence of CKD remained stable at approximately 30% in T2D patients, and CKD was associated with significantly increased rates of complications, especially in those with comorbid heart failure.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Clementine Nordon, Kirsty Rhodes, Jennifer K. Quint, Claus F. Vogelmeier, Sami O. Simons, Nathaniel M. Hawkins, Jonathan Marshall, Mario Ouwens, Edeltraut Garbe, Hana Mullerova
Summary: This study aims to investigate the association between acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and cardiovascular events in multiple countries. Retrospective cohort studies will be conducted using electronic healthcare records or claims databases. The primary outcomes of interest are the time to first hospitalization for a cardiovascular event or death. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emily Herrett, Keith Tomlin, Liang-Yu Lin, Laurie A. Tomlinson, Mark Jit, Andrew Briggs, Michael Marks, Frank Sandmann, John Parry, Christopher Bates, Jessica Morley, Seb Bacon, Benjamin Butler-Cole, Viyaasan Mahalingasivam, Alan Dennison, Deb Smith, Ethan Gabriel, Amir Mehrkar, Ben Goldacre, Liam Smeeth, Rosalind M. M. Eggo
Summary: This study aims to understand the impact of long COVID on health-related quality of life and productivity in English primary care patients. Participants will be asked to complete questionnaires through a smartphone app, covering aspects such as HRQoL, productivity, and symptoms of long COVID. Analysis will be conducted using the OpenSAFELY data platform to estimate the impact on HRQoL, productivity, and cost to the NHS.
Article
Respiratory System
Abdul Sattar Raslan, Jennifer K. Quint, Sarah Cook
Summary: A study investigated the association between the coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with increased all-cause, respiratory-cause, and cardiovascular-cause mortality. The results showed that T2D patients with COPD had higher mortality rates overall, especially from respiratory causes. This highlights the importance of intensive management for individuals with both COPD and T2D.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Charlotte Warren-Gash, Jennifer A. Davidson, Helen Strongman, Emily Herrett, Liam Smeeth, Judith Breuer, Amitava Banerjee
Summary: This study investigated the association between cardiovascular risk and severe COVID-19 among adults in England. The findings showed that individuals without diagnosed cardiovascular disease but with raised cardiovascular risk were more likely to experience severe COVID-19 outcomes, suggesting the importance of prioritizing their prevention and treatment.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sophie V. Eastwood, Alun D. Hughes, Laurie Tomlinson, Rohini Mathur, Liam Smeeth, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Nishi Chaturvedi
Summary: This study found ethnic differences in hypertension management in the UK, with better management among South Asians and poorer management among African/African Caribbean individuals. These differences may be associated with medication adherence and treatment persistence. Therefore, a nationwide strategy is necessary to understand and address the ongoing management disparities among people on antihypertensive medications.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Philip W. Stone, Michael Osen, Andrew Ellis, Rebecca Coaker, Jennifer K. Quint
Summary: This study calculated the annual prevalence of COPD in England from 2000 to 2019 using different definitions and found that common definitions of COPD may underestimate the true prevalence.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Primary Health Care
Jennifer K. Quint, Amnon Ariel, Peter J. Barnes
Summary: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are commonly used for asthma treatment, but their role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still a topic of debate. Recent trials have shown that ICS combined with dual bronchodilator therapy can significantly reduce exacerbations in COPD patients. However, the suggestion of a mortality benefit associated with ICS in these trials has been rejected. Observational evidence suggests that dual bronchodilation is associated with better outcomes than triple therapy in a broad population of COPD patients. It is recommended that ICS be reserved for patients with frequent or severe exacerbations and high blood eosinophils or those with concomitant asthma.
NPJ PRIMARY CARE RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Christopher T. Rentsch, Victoria Gar, Rohini Mathur, Sophie V. Eastwood, Liam Smeeth, Nish Chaturvedi, Krishnan Bhaskaran
Summary: Sex-specific risks for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) across the full glycemic spectrum were examined. Both men and women with pre-diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes were at higher risks of CVD than those with normal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), with relative increases more pronounced in women. Modifiable factors, such as obesity and the use of antihypertensive and statin medications, largely explained the excess risks in both men and women. Attention to weight reduction strategies and greater use of antihypertensive and statin medications could reduce sex disparities in risk of CVD among people with and without diabetes.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Joseph Emil Amegadzie, Zhiwei Gao, Jennifer K. Quint, Richard Russell, John R. Hurst, Tae Yoon Lee, Don D. Sin, Wenjia Chen, Mona Bafadhel, Mohsen Sadatsafavi
Summary: Patients with COPD have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. The accuracy of QRISK, a widely used CVD risk scoring tool, in capturing this excess risk is not well studied.
Review
Respiratory System
Sara C. Buttery, Parris J. Williams, Saeed M. Alghamdi, Keir E. J. Philip, Alexis Perkins, Constantinos Kallis, Jennifer K. Quint, Michael I. Polkey, Sofie Breuls, Joren Buekers, Nikolaos Chynkiamis, Laura Delgado -Ortiz, Heleen Demeyer, Anja Frei, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Elena Gimeno-Santos, Sarah Koch, Dimitrios Megaritis, Ashley Polhemus, Thierry Troosters, Ioannis Vogiatzis, Henrik Watz, Nicholas S. Hopkinson
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review on digital mobility outcomes in COPD patients, and found that daily step count and gait speed are negatively associated with mortality risk and other important outcomes. These findings may have value as prognostic indicators in clinical trials, but the quantity and quality of evidence is limited.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Enny S. Paixao, Andrea J. F. Ferreira, Julia M. Pescarini, Kerry L. M. Wong, Emanuelle Goes, Rosemeire Fiaccone, Guilherme Lopes de Oliveira, Poliana Reboucas, Andrey Moreira Cardoso, Liam Smeeth, Mauricio L. Barreto, Laura C. Rodrigues, Maria Yury Ichihara
Summary: This study estimated the ethnoracial inequalities in maternal and congenital syphilis in Brazil, indicating that Black and Parda/Brown women are at a higher risk. Effective control of high-risk populations is necessary for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jeremy P. Brown, Kevin Wing, Clemence Leyrat, Stephen J. Evans, Kathryn E. Mansfield, Angel Y. S. Wong, Liam Smeeth, Nicholas W. Galwey, Ian J. Douglas
Summary: The association between fluoroquinolone use and aortic aneurysm or dissection may be affected by confounding factors. When confounding is taken into account, there is no significant association, providing reassurance about the safety of fluoroquinolones with respect to aortic aneurysm or dissection. Fluoroquinolone use does not increase the risk of developing aortic aneurysm or dissection.
