Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Santosh Gupta, Lyubomyr Lytvynchuk, Taras Ardan, Hana Studenovska, Georgina Faura, Lars Eide, Ljubo Znaor, Slaven Erceg, Knut Stieger, Jan Motlik, Kapil Bharti, Goran Petrovski
Summary: The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays a crucial role in maintaining the normal physiology of the eye, and damage to the RPE can lead to degenerative eye diseases. Currently, stem cell-derived RPE transplantation is being explored for treating early stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This article focuses on developmental studies and stem cell-based research to understand the biology and derive functional RPEs.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Juan Cen, Yichen Zhang, Yindu Bai, Shenqian Ma, Chuan Zhang, Lin Jin, Shaofeng Duan, Yanan Du, Yuqi Guo
Summary: Endometrial damage is a crucial factor in infertility, and traditional treatments have limited efficacy. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising new approach for the treatment of this disease. This paper summarizes the mechanisms by which stem cells repair endometrial damage and clarifies the underlying material basis of their effects. Furthermore, it explores research directions to address the limitations of clinical stem cell applications.
MATERIALS TODAY BIO
(2022)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
H. Tu, E. Xiao, O. Liu
Summary: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promise in regenerative medicine, but their functions are influenced by various factors, including the microbiota. This article highlights the role of microbiota in modulating the functions of MSCs, focusing on self-renewal ability, multiple differentiation potential, and immunomodulation capacity. Clinical trials and model research on the effects of microbiota in stem cell therapy are reviewed, and the underlying mechanisms of the interaction between microbiota and MSCs are discussed.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Alice Soteriou
Summary: This Foreword introduces the research highlights in Regenerative Medicine over the past year and looks forward to the developments in the coming year. It also expresses gratitude to the editorial board members, authors, peer-reviewers, and readers for their support.
REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Serena Ricci, Pietro Cacialli
Summary: This review summarizes recent advancements in stem cell (gene) therapy as potential tools for treating metabolic disorders, discussing promising results observed in human patients and critical hurdles preventing the transition of this approach from the laboratory to the clinic.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad Mousaei Ghasroldasht, Jin Seok, Hang-Soo Park, Farzana Begum Liakath Ali, Ayman Al-Hendy
Summary: Regenerative medicine is a promising therapeutic mode using stem cells for the treatment of challenging human diseases. Stem cells have pleotropic therapeutic potential through inflammation or apoptosis inhibition, cell recruitment, angiogenesis stimulation, and differentiation. This review provides an overview of the translation process from idea to clinical practice, including guidelines for clinical trial approval and a review of regenerative medicine clinical trials registered on the Clinicaltrials.gov website.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiang Qian, Xue Gao, Ya-Di Wang, Xue-Ling Li, Jun Hu, Jun-Hong Lu
Summary: Stem cells have shown great potential for tissue regeneration and repair due to their unlimited self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. However, the complex interactions between niches and stem cells, along with the limitations of current systems or methods, pose challenges to the multi-faceted applications of stem cells. Emerging evidence suggests that synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy may offer a promising non-invasive technology for stem cell research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sharda Bharti, Prem Singh Anant, Awanish Kumar
Summary: Stem cell therapy has shown promising results in degenerative diseases and organ replacement, but its therapeutic use is still limited. Nanotechnology has tremendous potential in stem cell research and therapy, specifically in the conformity, replication, and differentiation of stem cells. Despite the potential improvements, there are cytotoxic threats that affect stem cell viability and differentiation. This article discusses the application of nanotechnology in stem cell research and therapy, including isolation tracking, regulation, and enhancing retention of stem cells using nanoparticles.
JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Behrouz Mollashahi, Hamid Latifi-Navid, Iman Owliaee, Sara Shamdani, Georges Uzan, Saleh Jamehdor, Sina Naserian
Summary: CRISPR is the most widely used genome editing toolkit that allows for the replacement and modification of DNA and RNA nucleotides. It has been used by researchers to investigate the function of stem cell genes and various gene editing techniques such as knock-out, knock-in, gene activation, and inhibition. This review article discusses recent developments and applications of CRISPR in stem cell research and clinical purposes, as well as different delivery methods and off-target detecting strategies.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Minyeoung Kweon, Jae Yeon Kim, Ji Hye Jun, Gi Jin Kim
Summary: The paper explores the therapeutic potential of stem cell treatment for liver diseases, highlighting the advantages of MSCs in treating various hepatic conditions and the potential of miRNA as a biomarker for monitoring treatment efficacy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Marta Roccio
Summary: Hearing loss is commonly caused by the loss or malfunction of cells in the cochlea, which cannot be reversed in mammals. Studying gene and cellular functions in different animal models helps identify disease causes and potential targets for hearing restoration. Stem cell technologies have allowed the generation of human sensory cell types in vitro, offering new tools for studying human inner ear biology, modeling disease, and validating therapeutics.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ziyang Cui, Hope Wei, Colin Goding, Rutao Cui
Summary: Stem cell pools are homogeneous cell populations that possess self-renewal and differentiation potential. While they exhibit limited heterogeneity during homeostasis, their plasticity becomes apparent under stress, leading to changes in phenotype, constitution, metabolism, and function. Manipulating these factors offers better control of stem cell behavior and has the potential to revolutionize regenerative medicine.
Editorial Material
Biochemical Research Methods
Vivien Marx
Summary: Scientists are creative caretakers of the organisms they study, particularly when it comes to the young ones.
Article
Biology
Andrey Andreev, Valerie Komatsu, Paula Almiron, Kasey Rose, Alexandria Hughes, Maurice Y. Lee
Summary: Having a formal onboarding procedure for new lab members can improve the happiness and productivity of the working environment.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yingqian Zhu, Jianli Ge, Ce Huang, Hailiang Liu, Hua Jiang
Summary: Aging frailty is a complex geriatric syndrome characterized by disruption of physiological homeostasis and declining health status. Factors such as genome instability, DNA damage, and stem cell exhaustion contribute to the development of frailty with advancing age. Effective interventions are needed to improve the health status of frail patients.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Kathleen Pappritz, Oliver Klein, Fengquan Dong, Nazha Hamdani, Arpad Kovacs, Lisa O'Flynn, Steve Elliman, Timothy O'Brien, Carsten Tschope, Sophie Van Linthout
Summary: This study investigates the therapeutic effect of CD362(+)-selected MSC on early onset experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy using IMS. CD362(+) MSCs were able to improve titin intensity distribution and shift the isoform ratio towards the more compliant form, N2BA. In contrast, WT and CD362(-) MSCs improved titin phosphorylation and protein kinase G activity, leading to an improvement in diastolic performance.
PROTEOMICS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Paul Loftus, Luke Watson, Laura M. Deedigan, Eva Camarillo-Retamosa, Roisin M. Dwyer, Lisa O'Flynn, Matthew Griffin, Timothy O'Brien, Michael Kerin, Stephen J. Elliman, Laura R. Barkley
Summary: The study revealed that syndecan-2 expressed on a specific stromal cell population within tumors plays a crucial role in regulating tumor growth and metastasis through modulation of TGF beta signaling. Inhibiting the migratory and immunosuppressive properties of tumor-associated stromal cells (TASCs) can effectively suppress tumor growth and spread.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Yicheng Ding, Aisling O'Brien, Berta Marco de la Cruz, Meimei Yang, Yin Lu, Xiaohong Qian, Guangming Yang, Veronica McInerney, Janusz Krawczyk, Sally A. Lynch, Linda Howard, Nicholas M. Allen, Timothy O'Brien, Louise Gallagher, Sanbing Shen
Summary: NRXN1 deletions are commonly found in ASD and other neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric disorders. Derivation of iPSCs from different diseases involving different deletion regions is essential for studying NRXN1's numerous splicing variants.
STEM CELL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Ning Ge, Min Liu, Xiaoran Zhu, Janusz Krawczyk, Veronica McInerney, Sanbing Shen, Timothy O'Brien, Terence Prendiville
Summary: Three human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines were generated from a healthy 7-year-old boy using non-integrational Sendai reprogramming method expressing specific genes. The stem cells were characterized through morphology, immunofluorescence staining, RT-qPCR, and showed differentiation potential to all three germ layers with lineage verification and normal molecular karyotyping.
STEM CELL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Yicheng Ding, Aisling O'Brien, Berta Marco de la Cruz, Meimei Yang, Jacqueline Fitzgerald, Guangming Yang, Weidong Li, Veronica McInerney, Janusz Krawczyk, Sally A. Lynch, Linda Howard, Nicholas M. Allen, Timothy O'Brien, Louise Gallagher, Sanbing Shen
Summary: NRXN1 gene encodes numerous splicing variants, with NRXN1 alpha playing a crucial role in neuronal excitation and inhibition, and its deletion being associated with ASD. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from ASD patients carrying NRXN1 alpha(+/-) provide an opportunity for further investigating the function of NRXN1 alpha in human neurons and ASD.
STEM CELL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sahar Avazzadeh, Leo R. Quinlan, Jamie Reilly, Katya McDonagh, Amirhossein Jalali, Yanqin Wang, Veronica McInerney, Janusz Krawczyk, Yicheng Ding, Jacqueline Fitzgerald, Matthew O'Sullivan, Eva B. Forman, Sally A. Lynch, Sean Ennis, Niamh Feerick, Richard Reilly, Weidong Li, Xu Shen, Guangming Yang, Yin Lu, Hilde Peeters, Peter Dockery, Timothy O'Brien, Sanbing Shen, Louise Gallagher
Summary: NRXN1α(+/-) patient-derived cortical neurons exhibit alterations in sodium currents, action potential characteristics, and transcriptomic changes related to upregulated glutamatergic synapse and ion channels/transporter activity. These changes are likely to contribute to the enhanced excitability observed in NRXN1α(+/-) cortical neurons, indicating potential therapeutic targets for ASD.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rutao Wang, Patrick W. Serruys, Chao Gao, Hironori Hara, Kuniaki Takahashi, Masafumi Ono, Hideyuki Kawashima, Neil O'leary, David R. Holmes, Adam Witkowski, Nick Curzen, Francesco Burzotta, Stefan James, Robert-Jan Van Geuns, Arie Pieter Kappetein, Marie-Angele Morel, Stuart J. Head, Daniel J. F. M. Thuijs, Piroze M. Davierwala, Timothy O'Brien, Valentin Fuster, Scot Garg, Yoshinobu Onuma
Summary: This study compared the 10-year all-cause death rates in patients with three-vessel disease or left main coronary artery disease who underwent either PCI or CABG. The results showed no significant difference in all-cause death rates at 10 years between PCI and CABG, regardless of diabetic status. However, there might be a survival benefit with CABG in patients with insulin-treated diabetes.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sandra Calcat-i-Cervera, Clara Sanz-Nogues, Timothy O'Brien
Summary: Advanced therapy medicinal products offer new prospects for treating unmet medical needs, with MSC therapies facing challenges in standardization and harmonization of manufacturing protocols.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephen T. O'Brien, Orla M. Neylon, Timothy O'Brien
Summary: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Type 1 Diabetes, with the molecular basis for atherosclerosis heavily influenced by hyperglycaemia. Current tools for assessing CVD risk in Type 1 Diabetes patients are limited, posing challenges for selecting appropriate lipid-lowering therapies. Best practice guidance for managing dyslipidaemia in Type 1 Diabetes is mainly based on evidence from Type 2 Diabetes patients and expert opinions.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kathleen Pappritz, Fengquan Dong, Kapka Miteva, Arpad Kovacs, Muhammad El-Shafeey, Bahtiyar Kerim, Lisa O'Flynn, Stephen Joseph Elliman, Timothy O'Brien, Nazha Hamdani, Carsten Tschoepe, Sophie Van Linthout
Summary: The research findings indicate that in an experimental model of early-onset diabetic cardiomyopathy, the impact of CD362(+) MSC application on cardiac function is less pronounced compared to other MSC populations, but still shows some therapeutic effects.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
James O'Connell
Summary: The article discusses the importance of using insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors in diabetes technology, especially for patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Min Liu, Ning Ge, Jianhua Zhang, Meimei Yang, Fan Yang, Janusz Krawczyk, Deirdre Ward, Veronica McInerney, Timothy O'Brien, Sanbing Shen, Terence Prendiville
Summary: Long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2) is associated with mutations in the KCNH2 gene, leading to loss of Kv11.1 channel function and disruption of channel assembly and trafficking in cells. Patient-derived iPSCs provide a valuable tool for studying disease pathology and identifying potential therapeutic targets.
STEM CELL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Min Liu, Ning Ge, Yongfeng Han, Jamie Reilly, Meimei Yang, Fan Yang, Janusz Krawczyk, Veronica McInerney, Timothy O'Brien, Terence Prendiville, Sanbing Shen
Summary: Skin punch biopsy from a healthy 51-year-old Caucasian male was used to derive dermal fibroblasts, which were reprogrammed into hiPSC lines using non-integrative Sendai viruses expressing OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC. The resulting iPSC lines, capable of expressing pluripotent markers and differentiating into cells of endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal origin, can serve as controls for human disease modeling and drug screening when combined with genome-editing and 3D systems.
STEM CELL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Clara Sanz-Nogues, Michael Creane, Sean O. Hynes, Xizhe Chen, Christine Ayu Lagonda, Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall, Timothy O'Brien
Summary: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a multiparametric scoring tool for assessing the severity of skeletal muscle ischaemia in a commonly used preclinical animal model. The study found a significant negative correlation between the level of muscle ischaemia damage and the calf muscle weight and skeletal muscle fibre diameter.
JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Beatrice Charamba, Aaron Liew, Eileen Coen, John Newell, Timothy O'Brien, William Wijns, Andrew J. Simpkin
Summary: This study utilized sensor technology to investigate the temporal relationship between glucose and ECG data over one week. It found that QTc was longer on average during hyperglycaemia.
ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES & METABOLISM
(2021)
