Journal
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
Volume 88, Issue -, Pages 90-97Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.010
Keywords
Africa; Load-carrying; Gender; Pain; Biomechanical; Transport; Psycho-social; Maternal health
Funding
- UK ESRC/DFID [RES-167-25-0028]
- Economic and Social Research Council [ES/D002745/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- ESRC [ES/D002745/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Across sub-Saharan Africa, women and children play major roles as pedestrian load-transporters, in the widespread absence of basic sanitation services, electricity and affordable/reliable motorised transport. The majority of loads, including water and firewood for domestic purposes, are carried on the head. Load-carrying has implications not only for school attendance and performance, women's time budgets and gender relations, but arguably also for health and well-being. We report findings from a comprehensive review of relevant literature, undertaken June-September 2012, focussing particularly on biomechanics, maternal health, and the psycho-social impacts of load-carrying; we also draw from our own research. Key knowledge gaps and areas for future research are highlighted. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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