Review
Behavioral Sciences
Che-Yuan Wu, Lila Shapiro, Michael Ouk, Bradley J. MacIntosh, Sandra E. Black, Baiju R. Shah, Walter Swardfager
Summary: Type 2 diabetes is a major risk factor for dementia. Different glucose-lowering drugs have different effects on the brain. The current clinical and epidemiological data are mixed, requiring careful evaluation. Personalized strategies using glucose-lowering drugs have great potential in preventing and treating dementia.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Che-Yuan Wu, Carina Iskander, Christa Wang, Lisa Y. Xiong, Baiju R. Shah, Jodi D. Edwards, Moira K. Kapral, Nathan Herrmann, Krista L. Lanctot, Mario Masellis, Richard H. Swartz, Hugo Cogo-Moreira, Bradley J. MacIntosh, Jennifer S. Rabin, Sandra E. Black, Refik Saskin, Walter Swardfager
Summary: This population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada found that new use of a sulfonylurea, especially glyburide, was associated with a higher risk of dementia compared with new use of a DPP4 inhibitor in older adults with diabetes.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Shuyan Gu, Xiaoqian Hu, Xuemei Zhen, Lizheng Shi, Hui Shao, Xueshan Sun, Yuxuan Gu, Minzhuo Huang, Hengjin Dong
Summary: This study compared the effects of glucose-lowering drugs added to metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The results showed that insulin add-ons had the best effects on reducing HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial glucose. Insulin also increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors significantly reduced total cholesterol levels, while glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists significantly reduced body mass index and hypoglycemia risk.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Elisabetta Patorno, Ajinkya Pawar, Deborah J. Wexler, Robert J. Glynn, Lily G. Bessette, Julie M. Paik, Mehdi Najafzadeh, Kimberly G. Brodovicz, Anouk Deruaz-Luyet, Sebastian Schneeweiss
Summary: This study found that compared to DPP-4 inhibitors, empagliflozin had a similar risk of MI/stroke but lower risk of HHF. Empagliflozin was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality, a composite of MI/stroke/all-cause mortality, and had a safety profile consistent with documented information.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Shuyan Gu, Xiaoqian Hu, Lizheng Shi, Xuemei Zhen, Xueshan Sun, Minzhuo Huang, Yuxuan Gu, Hengjin Dong
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of various glucose-lowering drugs as initial monotherapy for type 2 diabetes. The results showed that sulfonylureas were the most effective in reducing HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose, but increased the risk of hypoglycemia. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists were the most effective in reducing BMI and total cholesterol. Thiazolidinediones were the most effective in increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors were the most effective in lowering systolic blood pressure. However, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors were associated with a higher risk of discontinuation due to adverse events. GLP-1RAs showed an integrated beneficial effect on all outcomes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Andrew R. Zullo, Robert J. Smith, Roee Gutman, Bianca Kohler, Matthew S. Duprey, Sarah D. Berry, Medha N. Munshi, David D. Dore
Summary: This study found that among NH residents, individuals who initiated DPP4Is had a lower rate of severe hypoglycemic events compared to those who initiated SUs, with no significant differences in other severe adverse events and death rates.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wolfgang Rathmann, Brenda Bongaerts
Summary: Current studies have identified genetic variants associated with response to DPP-4i, GLP-1 RA, and SGLT2i, but replication studies are lacking. Most studies have been candidate gene-based, indicating that genome-wide association studies may offer more promising insights in the future.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Karim Chouchane, Giovanni Di Zenzo, Dario Pitocco, Laura Calabrese, Clara De Simone
Summary: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a common autoimmune skin disease that primarily affects patients over 60 years old. While conventional and DPP-4i-associated BP are thought to share similar clinical and histopathological features, recent literature shows that these two forms are quite distinct.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Haiying Cui, Yao Wang, Shuo Yang, Guangyu He, Zongmiao Jiang, Xiaokun Gang, Guixia Wang
Summary: This study assessed the associations between antidiabetic medications (ADM) and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in diabetics. The results indicate that the use of thiazolidinediones and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) may reduce the risk of PCa.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Deborah J. Wexler, Ian H. de Boer, Alokananda Ghosh, Naji Younes, Ionut Bebu, Silvio Inzucchi, Janet B. McGill, Sunder Mudaliar, David Schade, Michael W. Steffes, William Tamborlane, Meng H. Tan, Faramarz Ismail-Beigi
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of four classes of glucose-lowering medications on kidney function in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that adding sitagliptin, glimepiride, liraglutide, or insulin to metformin treatment did not significantly affect kidney outcomes.
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Aguilar-Ballester, Gema Hurtado-Genoves, Alida Taberner-Cortes, Andrea Herrero-Cervera, Sergio Martinez-Hervas, Herminia Gonzalez-Navarro
Summary: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death worldwide, with cardiometabolic risk playing a crucial role in treatment. The control of cardiometabolic risk has become a major goal in many studies. Emerging cardiometabolic therapies show promising potential in reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Qizhi Tang, Weiyu Pan, Liangyue Peng
Summary: The study provides preliminary evidence regarding the similarity in the efficacy of evogliptin compared to other DPP-4i drugs, including sitagliptin and linagliptin, for managing HbA1c levels and adverse events.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jui Wang, Hon-Yen Wu, Kuo-Liong Chien
Summary: This study found that DPP4 inhibitors have better cardioprotective effects compared to sulfonylureas in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events. Sitagliptin and vildagliptin showed a significantly lower risk of hospitalization, while saxagliptin showed a borderline significantly higher risk of hospitalization for heart failure.
DIABETES & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Avraham Karasik, Stefanie Lanzinger, Elise Chia -Hui Tan, Daisuke Yabe, Dae Jung Kim, Wayne H. -H Sheu, Cheli Melzer-Cohen, Reinhard W. Holl, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Kamlesh Khunti, Francesco Zaccardi, Anuradhaa Subramanian, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, Thomas Nystrom, Leo Niskanen, Majken Linnemann Jensen, Fabian Hoti, Riho Klements, Anouk Deruaz-Luyet, Moe H. Kyaw, Lisette Koeneman, Dorte Vistisen, Bendix Carstensen, Sigrun Halvorsen, Gisle Langslet, Soulmaz Fazeli Farsani, Elisabetta Patorno, Julio Nunez
Summary: This non-interventional cohort study evaluated the cardiovascular and kidney efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. The results showed that empagliflozin was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization for heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and end-stage renal disease, but a higher risk of diabetic ketoacidosis compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. The study provides further evidence of the beneficial cardiorenal effects and overall safety of empagliflozin.
DIABETES & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jenny Dimakos, Ying Cui, Robert W. Platt, Christel Renoux, Kristian B. Filion, Antonios Douros
Summary: This population-based study aimed to investigate the interaction between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) and sulfonylureas in relation to the risk of hypoglycemia. The study found that the pharmacologic heterogeneity of sulfonylureas (long- vs. short-acting) and DPP-4i (peptidomimetic vs. non-peptidomimetic) did not modify this interaction. Therefore, these factors do not affect the risk of hypoglycemia.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Wajd Alkabbani, John-Michael Gamble
Summary: Using active-comparator restricted disproportionality analysis (ACR-DA), this study assessed the safety signals of type 2 diabetes medications. The results showed that some medications were associated with genitourinary tract infections, diabetic ketoacidosis, and amputations, but not with acute kidney injury and fractures.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nathan Seng Bong Ing, Razan Amoud, John-Michael Gamble, Mhd Wasem Alsabbagh
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) use in Canadian patients with diabetes over a 10-year period. The results showed that ASA utilization was low among diabetes patients, particularly in those with cardiovascular disease. Factors associated with increased ASA use included having a regular doctor and older age. The study also highlighted the underutilization of ASA in high-risk populations.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wajd Alkabbani, Arsene Zongo, Jasjeet K. Minhas-Sandhu, Dean T. Eurich, Baiju R. Shah, Mhd Wasem Alsabbagh, John-Michael Gamble
Summary: The use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes is not associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) compared to other antidiabetic agents.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wajd Alkabbani, John-Michael Gamble, Dean T. Eurich, Jasjeet K. Minhas-Sandhu, Baiju R. Shah, Mhd Wasem Alsabbagh, Arsene Zongo
Summary: The use of SGLT2 inhibitors is associated with a decreased risk of all-cause hospitalization and all-cause death compared to DPP4 inhibitors, sulfonylureas, and insulin.
DIABETES & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wajd Alkabbani, Arsene Zongo, Jasjeet K. Minhas-Sandhu, Dean T. Eurich, Baiju R. Shah, Mhd Wasem Alsabbagh, John-Michael Gamble
Summary: This study found that initiation of SGLT-2 inhibitors is associated with a higher risk of genital tract infections (GTIs) compared to other medications.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Wajd Alkabbani, Colleen J. Maxwell, Ruth Ann Marrie, Suzanne L. Tyas, Iliana C. Lega, John-Michael Gamble
Summary: This study examines the association between hypoglycemia and dementia, addressing design challenges using lag period, exposure density sampling (EDS), and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). After addressing these challenges, the study finds that hypoglycemia contributes to an increased risk of dementia among patients with type 2 diabetes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wajd Alkabbani, John -Michael Gamble
Summary: A study of prescription data in Canada from 2015 to 2021 found that there was a steady increase in the proportion of SGLT-2 inhibitor prescriptions from cardiologists and nephrologists, reflecting emerging evidence and guideline recommendations.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wajd Alkabbani, Colleen J. Maxwell, Ruth Ann Marrie, Suzanne L. Tyas, Iliana C. Lega, John-Michael Gamble
Summary: This study reveals that both mid- and late-life hypoglycemia are associated with a doubled risk of dementia. Patients who experienced severe hypoglycemic events in mid- and late-life have a higher risk of developing dementia compared to those without hypoglycemia.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wajd Alkabbani, Colleen J. J. Maxwell, Ruth Ann Marrie, Suzanne L. L. Tyas, Iliana C. C. Lega, John-Michael Gamble
Summary: This study reevaluates the association between insulin use and dementia risk in type 2 diabetes patients, considering confounding factors. The results showed no significant association between insulin use and all-cause dementia in patients previously treated with two noninsulin antihyperglycemic medications.
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
John-Michael Gamble, Wajd Alkabbani
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wajd Alkabbani, Baiju R. Shah, Arsene Zongo, Dean T. Eurich, Mhd Wasem Alsabbagh, John-Michael Gamble
Summary: This study assessed the predictors of treatment discontinuation for sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in the UK. The occurrence of fractures was identified as a significant predictor of discontinuation for SGLT2 inhibitors, while heart failure and glycated hemoglobin level were not associated with treatment discontinuation.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Wajd Alkabbani, John-Michael Gamble
Summary: This study analyzed the prescribing patterns of 12 medications proposed for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in Canada. Dispensation of several medications, including hydroxychloroquine, fluvoxamine, ivermectin, colchicine, tocilizumab, sarilumab, and famotidine, peaked after March 2020. The prescribing volume of ivermectin and famotidine showed significant increases during specific periods. Overall, Canadian prescribing patterns aligned with guidelines and regulatory recommendations, but continuous monitoring of trends is necessary.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
(2023)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wajd Alkabbani, Colleen J. Maxwell, Ruth Ann Marrie, Suzanne L. Tyas, Iliana C. Lega, John-Michael Gamble
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Joseph Emil Amegadzie, John-Michael Gamble, Jamie Farrell, Zhiwei Gao
Summary: In this study, the use of β2-agonists was not associated with the risk of pneumonia in patients with asthma, COPD, or asthma-COPD overlap, but was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in COPD patients compared to ICS use.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Primary Health Care
Ryan Pelletier, Jeff Nagge, John-Michael Gamble
Summary: This study evaluated the variation in bleeding risk estimates among Web and mobile applications for patients with atrial fibrillation, finding imprecise and inconsistent risk estimates. Clinicians are advised to refer to bleeding risks observed in major randomized controlled trials to inform risk estimates communicated to patients.
CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN
(2022)