Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanfan Yang, Xuan Xu, Haodong He, Dan Huo, Xiaoyun Li, Lin Dai, Chuanling Si
Summary: The depletion of oil resources and environmental problems caused by fossil energy usage have led to the search for alternative energy sources, with bio-oil being a promising option. However, bio-oil cannot be directly utilized due to its high proportion of oxygenated compounds with low calorific value and poor thermal stability. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), with various catalyst systems like noble/non-noble metal catalysts, porous organic polymer catalysts, and polar solvents, is an effective method to refine oxygenated compounds from bio-oil. This review discusses the HDO process, different catalytic materials, mechanisms, and future challenges and opportunities for bio-oil upgradation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Anjani R. K. Gollakota, Chi-Min Shu, Prakash Kumar Sarangi, Krushna Prasad Shadangi, Sudip Rakshit, John F. Kennedy, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Minaxi Sharma
Summary: The quest for renewable and sustainable alternatives, especially biomass/bio waste, has been prompted by rising environmental concerns and the depletion of natural fossil fuels. Converting biomass residues into liquid fuels using thermochemical means seems promising, but the poor quality of bio-oil produced through pyrolysis poses challenges. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) offers a cutting-edge method for upgrading bio-oil into sustainable fuels that can compete with traditional fossil fuels. However, producing high-performance catalysts and understanding the physico-chemical aspects of bio-oil remain difficult. Research on upgrading pyrolysis bio-oil to gasoline is crucial for biorefineries, and this review provides detailed information on HDO mechanisms, biofuels, model compounds, and catalyst suitability for biofuels obtained from various feedstock.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yanghao Meng, Hongbiao Du, Shuai Lu, Yanwei Liu, Jinglai Zhang, Hualong Li
Summary: In this study, a new synergistic catalytic process strategy was proposed for bio-oil production, utilizing CuO-CeO2/gamma-Al2O3 as an in situ hydrogen donor catalyst and synthesizing Ni-Co/SAPO-34 for hydroprocessing. When the two catalysts were mixed, the yield, carbon recovery rate, energy recovery rate of bio-oil significantly improved, while the S content decreased. GC-MS analysis showed higher proportions of hydrocarbons and alcohols in the bio-oil. This method exhibited high catalytic activity even after repeated use for five times, providing a new idea for preparing higher yield and superior quality bio-oil.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hossein Shahbeik, Alireza Shafizadeh, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Su Shiung Lam, Hajar Rastegari, Wanxi Peng, Junting Pan, Meisam Tabatabaei, Mortaza Aghbashlo
Summary: The unfavorable properties of biomass pyrolysis bio-oil require physical/thermochemical methods to enhance its quality. Nanotechnology offers potential solutions to overcome the drawbacks of conventional catalysts used in bio-oil upgrading. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the application of nanocatalysts in bio-oil upgrading, including their mechanisms and effects on important operating parameters. Nanocatalysts have been shown to yield higher bio-oil quality and have advantages over bulk catalysts. However, more research and development are needed before nanocatalysts can be fully realized in practical applications.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Anton Alvarez-Majmutov, Sandeep Badoga, Jinwen Chen, Jacques Monnier, Yi Zhang
Summary: The study showed that co-processing deoxygenated pyrolysis bio-oil with vacuum gas oil did not significantly impact baseline hydrocracking selectivity under fixed reaction temperatures, but led to increased hydrogen consumption with higher bio-oil content. Additionally, differences in hydrocarbon composition and fuel properties were observed in the liquid products from different bio-oil blends after co-processing.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dan Wu, Songwei Zhang, Willinton Y. Hernandez, Walid Baaziz, Ovidiu Ersen, Maya Marinova, Andrei Y. Khodakov, Vitaly V. Ordomsky
Summary: This novel supported metal bifunctional catalyst combines the advantages of promotion and bifunctionality, achieved by pretreating supported palladium catalysts with bromobenzene to create Bronsted acid sites. The catalyst shows unique catalytic properties in hydrodeoxygenation reactions with stable performance, yielding up to 96% at ambient temperature under 5 bar of H-2.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Haichuan Zhang, Shiyu Fu
Summary: Catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis (CTH) has been used to convert Kraft lignin into lignin oil using heteropoly acids (HPAs) as green catalysts. The reaction conditions and catalyst types significantly affect the conversion rate. Molecular dynamics simulation shows that HPAs in isopropanol are more likely to be close to lignin. The obtained lignin oil mainly consists of guaiacols and syringols with 0 to 3 carbon side chains.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lu Qu, Xia Jiang, Zihao Zhang, Xiang-gang Zhang, Guo-yong Song, Hua-lin Wang, Yuan-ping Yuan, Yu-long Chang
Summary: This article reviews the model compounds, catalysts, and equipment involved in the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oils, aiming to summarize the progress in the utilization of the HDO process and provide useful insights for the efficient practical application of bio-oils.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhengliang Zhang, Zhiwei Zhang, Xubin Zhang, Fumin Wang, Zheng Wang, Yongwang Li, Xingtao Wang, Rosine Ahishakiye, Xu Zhang
Summary: By regulating the ratio of metal to oxide species, the 20 wt% Co-CoOx/AC catalysts were prepared to achieve the one-pot conversion of furfural to 2-methylfuran under milder reaction conditions (120 degrees C, 2.5 MPa H2), shorter reaction time (5 h) and less catalyst dosage. The yield of 2-methylfuran reached 87.4% under the 20 wt% Co-CoOx/AC catalyst conditions, and the catalyst properties showed no significant degradation after five cycles. Characterization results indicated the presence of Co0 and CoOx species in the catalyst, and the reaction mechanism was explained through a combination of characterization results, experimental data and DFT calculations.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nor Azam Endot, Ramli Junid, Mohamad Shazwan Shah Jamil
Summary: This review summarizes the recent developments in the transformation of biobased 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into a potential liquid fuel, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF). It focuses on the history of HMF conversion to DMF, ideal catalytic properties required, comparisons between noble and non-noble metals, bimetallic catalysts, and the impact of support and reaction conditions. Recommendations for future work and challenges faced are discussed.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Swathi Mukundan, Ramesh Kumar Chowdari, Jorge Beltramini
Summary: This study successfully converted softwood lignin derived from black liquor into industrially important aromatic compounds through efficient catalytic hydrodeoxygenation. The activated carbon supported NiMoS2 catalyst exhibited good stability and selectivity, while the addition of ZrO2 was able to regulate the acidity of the catalyst.
ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiang He, Zhijie Wu, Qingqing Gu, Yuanshuai Liu, Shengqi Chu, Shaohua Chen, Yafeng Zhang, Bing Yang, Tiehong Chen, Aiqin Wang, Bert M. Weckhuysen, Tao Zhang, Wenhao Luo
Summary: By confining ultra-small Ru metal nanoclusters within the micropores of zeolite Y, the chemical selectivity towards the production of pentanoic biofuels can be significantly enhanced, leading to potential applications in the biomass conversion process. The addition of La element can maintain the activity site intimacy and prevent zeolite lattice deconstruction, thus improving catalyst stability during the HDO process.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hyungjoo Kim, Seungdo Yang, Yong Hyun Lim, Jeong-Myeong Ha, Do Heui Kim
Summary: The balance between metal and acid sites in the catalyst affects the reaction pathway and product distribution. Higher metal/acid ratio promotes the production of cycloalkanes, while the presence of water promotes overall HDO reaction.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Thermodynamics
Pooya Lahijani, Maedeh Mohammadi, Abdul Rahman Mohamed, Farzad Ismail, Keat Teong Lee, Ghazaleh Amini
Summary: Biomass-to-liquid thermochemical routes, such as fast pyrolysis, are promising methods for converting waste biomass into sustainable hydrocarbon fuels. However, the bio-oil derived from pyrolysis has poor quality and requires extensive upgrading before it can be used as a jet fuel. Catalytic cracking and hydrodeoxygenation are the most promising approaches for upgrading bio-oil to bio-jet fuel. Further research is needed to understand the mechanistic aspects of raw bio-oil upgrading.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sinan Jiang, Na Ji, Xinyong Diao, Hanyang Li, Yue Rong, Yaxuan Lei, Zhihao Yu
Summary: This Minireview discusses the design methods of vacancy engineering in lignin-derived oxygenates, clarifies the effects of vacancies on the reaction and catalysts, and proposes strategies to address current deficiencies in this field.
