Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lamia M. Hafez, Hebatallah Mohammed Aboudeya, Noura A. Matar, Ashraf S. El-Sebeay, Azhar Mohamed Nomair, Shaymaa Ali El-hamshary, Hanan Mohamed Nomeir, Fawziya A. R. Ibrahim
Summary: Obesity is associated with cognitive impairments and increases the risk of developing dementia. Zinc supplementation has shown potential as a therapeutic agent for cognitive disorders. The study investigated the effects of low and high doses of zinc supplementation on cognitive biomarkers and leptin signaling pathway in rats fed with a high-fat diet. Results showed that obesity in rats led to increased body weight, glucose levels, and lipid levels, as well as reduced BDNF levels and increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Zinc supplementation improved these metabolic abnormalities and cognitive deficits in both male and female obese rats. Furthermore, the study found that males were more vulnerable to weight gain and metabolic alterations, while females were more responsive to zinc treatment. Overall, this study suggests that zinc treatment may be effective in improving obesity-related metabolic dysfunction, central leptin resistance, and cognitive deficits, and that males and females may differ in their response to zinc treatment.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Rui Xiong, Ning Li, Lei Chen, Wei Wang, Bo Wang, Wenyang Jiang, Qing Geng
Summary: STING may prevent cardiac remodelling induced by pressure overload by inhibiting autophagy, which could be a promising therapeutic target in heart failure.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Javier Botella, Nicholas A. Jamnick, Cesare Granata, Amanda J. Genders, Enrico Perri, Tamim Jabar, Andrew Garnham, Michael Lazarou, David J. Bishop
Summary: Autophagy is an important mechanism for cells to degrade old or dysfunctional proteins and organelles. The effects of exercise on autophagosome content markers differ between rodents and humans. The decrease in LC3B-II protein levels induced by exercise in humans does not reflect a decreased autophagy flux.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Melina Lopez, Pedro F. Malacarne, Deepak P. Ramanujam, Timothy Warwick, Niklas Mueller, Jiong Hu, Matthias Dewenter, Andreas Weigert, Stefan Guenther, Ralf Gilsbach, Stefan Engelhardt, Ralf P. Brandes, Flavia Rezende
Summary: The cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) plays an important role in the activity of microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially in cardiac endothelial cells. Loss of endothelial POR leads to cardiac remodeling and accelerated reduction in cardiac output under pressure overload conditions.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tyler Cobb, Irene Hwang, Michael Soukar, Sim Namkoong, Uhn - Soo Cho, Maryam Safdar, Myungjin Kim, Robert J. Wessells, Jun Hee Lee
Summary: By studying the fruit fly model, we discovered a new protein called Iditarod, which shows similarity to FNDC5 and plays important roles in autophagy, exercise physiology, and cold adaptation. Deficiency of Iditarod impairs the exercise performance and cold resistance of fruit flies, while overexpression of Iditarod can rescue these functions. Exercise training induces the expression of Iditarod and increases the endurance of fruit flies, indicating the importance of Iditarod in the adaptive response to exercise.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Qihang Su, Jie Li, Jingbiao Huang, Qiuchen Cai, Chao Xue, Chenglong Huang, Liyang Chen, Jun Li, Dandan Li, Hengan Ge, Biao Cheng
Summary: This study analysed the pathological features of skeletal muscle injury repair in rats using different exercise intensities. RNA sequencing and histological staining revealed the impact of exercise intensity on gene expression and vascular regulation modules. Microvessel proliferation in muscle tissue was associated with elevated sFRP2 and YAP1. Angiogenesis during muscle injury-remodelling was found to be dependent on exercise time and intensity.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Pieter Martens, Matthias Dupont, Jeroen Dauw, Petra Nijst, Lieven Herbots, Paul Dendale, Pieter Vandervoort, Liesbeth Bruckers, Wai Hong Wilson Tang, Wilfried Mullens
Summary: The study demonstrated that treatment with ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and iron deficiency led to significant improvements in cardiac function, including LVEF, LVESV, and cardiac force-frequency relationship.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Debao Guan, Xin Zhuan, Xiaoyu Luo, Hao Gao
Summary: This study develops a model for pathological cardiac growth and remodelling based on constrained mixture theory, which can capture different phenotypes of maladaptive heart growth and remodelling. The model can provide mechanistic insight on anti-fibrotic interventions and be used for heart failure risk assessment and treatment selection.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Ryan Neil Marshall, James McKendry, Benoit Smeuninx, Alex Peter Seabright, Paul T. Morgan, Carolyn Greig, Leigh Breen
Summary: Ageing is associated with changes in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism, which may be influenced by physical activity status. The effect of resistance exercise training on skeletal muscle mitochondrial regulation is unclear.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ninghui Cheng, Jimmonique Donelson, Ghislain Breton, Paul A. Nakata
Summary: The role of mammalian glutaredoxin 3 (Grx3) in iron homeostasis is investigated using a liver-specific knockout mouse model. The knockout mice show increased iron concentration and ROS production, leading to impaired liver function and altered Fe-S cluster assembly. The expression of hepatic FTH1 and autophagy pathway proteins exhibits an inverse correlation, suggesting that Grx3 regulates hepatocyte iron homeostasis by controlling protein turnover and recycling via the autophagy pathway.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Miaomiao Xu, Xiaoguang Liu, Peng Bao, Yanjie Wang, Xiaoyan Zhu, Yujian Liu, Xin Ni, Jianqiang Lu
Summary: Cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) plays a critical role in skeletal muscle by regulating multiple signaling pathways involved in insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
Article
Cell Biology
Naoki Makino, Toyoki Maeda
Summary: The study found that caloric restriction can increase telomerase activity, enhance autophagy, and improve left ventricular diastolic function in diabetic rats, contributing to the maintenance of normal cardiac function and delaying cardiac aging.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Joshua C. Drake, Rebecca J. Wilson, Di Cui, Yuntian Guan, Mondira Kundu, Mei Zhang, Zhen Yan
Summary: This study compared the roles of Ulk1 and Ulk2 in skeletal muscle insulin action following exercise training, and found that Ulk1 is essential for exercise training-induced improvement in insulin action in skeletal muscle.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jae Min Cho, Rajeshwary Ghosh, Sohom Mookherjee, Sihem Boudina, J. David Symons
Summary: During aging, impaired autophagy may contribute to organ dysfunction. However, interventions such as caloric restriction, spermidine, rapamycin, and exercise can restore or enhance autophagic flux, leading to improved cardiac function in relation to aging.
Review
Physiology
Cenyi Wang, Jiling Liang, Yuanyuan Ren, Jielun Huang, Baoming Jin, Guodong Wang, Ning Chen
Summary: Exercise can prevent and delay skeletal muscle aging by regulating the expression of autophagy-related proteins. Long-term aerobic exercise and resistance exercise can increase autophagy in aging skeletal muscle, while short-term high-intensity exercise may induce excessive autophagy and short-term low-intensity exercise may not reach the threshold for exercise-induced autophagy, resulting in no significant effect on delaying muscle aging.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Landon B. B. Lempke, Matthew C. C. Hoch, Jarrod A. A. Call, Julianne D. D. Schmidt, Robert C. C. Lynall
Summary: The study aimed to examine somatosensory function in individuals with a concussion compared to healthy controls. The results showed that individuals with a concussion had differences in plantar touch sensation and plantar pressure pain sensation compared to controls, but no significant differences in knee joint position sense.
JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Alec M. Basten, Christiana J. Raymond-Pope, Daniel B. Hoffman, Jarrod A. Call, Sarah M. Greising
Summary: This study investigates the effects of physical rehabilitation and activity restriction on the recovery from volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury. The findings suggest that rehabilitation impairs muscle function and range of motion, while restricting activity mitigates some negative effects but also impacts whole-body metabolism. Further research is needed to explore treatment parameters and consider whole-body co-morbidities for optimal rehabilitation approaches.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Junwon Heo, Emily E. Noble, Jarrod A. Call
Summary: Exercise has a positive impact on the brain, improving cognition and attention while reducing the risk of brain-related diseases. Recent studies suggest that factors secreted by peripheral systems, such as skeletal muscle and adipose tissues, play a role in mediating these effects on the brain. Specifically, exerkines derived from skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissues impact brain mitochondrial function, improving brain function and disease resistance.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Christiana J. J. Raymond-Pope, Alec M. M. Basten, Angela S. S. Bruzina, Jennifer McFaline-Figueroa, Thomas J. J. Lillquist, Jarrod A. A. Call, Sarah M. M. Greising M
Summary: This study investigated the impact of restricting activity on metabolism and skeletal muscle function following injury, and aimed to enhance the metabolic and contractile function of the remaining muscle through treatment with formoterol. The results showed that restricting activity had a significant effect on metabolism and skeletal muscle function, while formoterol treatment alleviated these effects and promoted muscle recovery.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Landon B. Lempke, Jarrod A. Call, Matthew C. Hoch, Julianne D. Schmidt, Robert C. Lynall
Summary: This study compared muscle activation between college-aged individuals with concussion and healthy controls, and found no significant differences in voluntary or involuntary quadricep neuromuscular function after the symptoms disappeared. However, concussed participants experienced significantly higher pain perception during the assessment, indicating the need for further examination of somatosensory or perception changes.
JOURNAL OF SPORT REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Albino G. Schifino, Marion A. Cooley, Roger X. X. Zhong, Junwon Heo, Daniel B. Hoffman, Gordon L. Warren, Sarah M. Greising, Jarrod A. Call
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of contractile strength loss associated with volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries on the adjacent tibial bone structure and function in male mice. The results showed that VML-injured limbs had significantly lower muscular strength and power, as well as reduced bone strength and altered bone structure. These changes in tibial bone were observed during the natural maturation phase between 12 and 20 weeks of age.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert C. Lynall, Joseph G. Wasser, Daniel Brooks, Jarrod A. Call, Brad D. Hendershot, Joseph R. Kardouni, Julianne D. Schmidt, Timothy C. Mauntel
Summary: The risk of musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) is increased after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and this increased risk persists up to 2 years after mTBI relative to non-mTBI individuals and pre-mTBI selves. The underlying neuromuscular mechanisms contributing to this increased risk have yet to be definitively determined. This study aims to elucidate these mechanisms and track patient outcomes up to 12 months.
Article
Physiology
Jennifer McFaline-Figueroa, Edward T. Hunda, Junwon Heo, Elizabeth A. Winders, Sarah M. Greising, Jarrod A. Call
Summary: Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries are characterized by non-recoverable loss of tissue resulting in contractile and metabolic dysfunction. The CK Clamp method is validated as a tool to investigate bioenergetics in traumatically-injured muscle, and the study provides further evidence of metabolic dysfunction in VML-injured muscle. VML-injured muscle shows decreased mitochondrial respiration rate and electron conductance, as well as a more polarized mitochondrial membrane potential, compared to uninjured controls.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Shefali R. R. Bijwadia, Christiana J. J. Raymond-Pope, Alec M. M. Basten, Mason T. T. Lentz, Thomas J. J. Lillquist, Jarrod A. A. Call, Sarah M. M. Greising
Summary: Volumetric muscle loss (VML) leads to impaired muscle regeneration, and adjunctive pharmaceuticals offer partial remediation. Two FDA-approved pharmaceutical modalities, nintedanib and combined formoterol and leucine, were evaluated for their tolerance and efficacy in addressing the pathophysiology of the remaining muscle tissue after VML injury. The results show that formoterol plus leucine mitigated muscle loss, improved whole-body metabolism, and muscle strength, while nintedanib had no effect on the muscle pathophysiology after VML. Further optimization, including larger animal models, is warranted for formoterol treatment.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Daniel B. Hoffman, Alec M. Basten, Jacob R. Sorensen, Christiana J. Raymond-Pope, Thomas J. Lillquist, Jarrod A. Call, Benjamin T. Corona, Sarah M. Greising
Summary: This study investigated the effect of VML on tSC morphological characteristics and neurotrophic signaling proteins in a rat model. The results showed that there was a progressive loss of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) innervation after VML injury, and the number of terminal Schwann cells (tSCs) per NMJ increased. Neurotrophic factors such as NRG1 and BDNF were elevated after injury. These findings suggest a sustained increase in neurotrophic activity and tSC number after VML.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Albino G. Schifino, Christiana J. Raymond-Pope, Junwon Heo, Jennifer McFaline-Figueroa, Jarrod A. Call, Sarah M. Greising
Summary: The study aimed to determine whether low- or high-resistance voluntary wheel running can improve muscle strength and metabolic function after volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury. The results showed that high-resistance wheel running led to increased muscle mass and strength, but did not result in full recovery. Both low- and high-resistance wheel running did not result in changes in muscle fiber respiration. The study suggests that resistance wheel running may be a suitable adjuvant rehabilitation strategy, but alone cannot fully mitigate VML pathology.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Landon B. Lempke, Matthew C. Hoch, Jarrod A. Call, Julianne D. Schmidt, Robert C. Lynall
Summary: This study aimed to compare the kinematic and kinetic performance of individuals with concussion history and healthy controls during single-leg hop stabilization task and found that concussed individuals exhibited higher ankle plantarflexion torque and slower reaction time in the acute phase, indicating stiff and conservative stabilization performance. These findings shed light on the recovery trajectories of biomechanical alterations following concussion and provide specific kinematic and kinetic focal points for future research.
JOURNAL OF SPORT REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Junwon Heo, Albino G. Schifino, Jennifer McFaline-Figueroa, David L. Miller, Jessica R. Hoffman, Emily E. Noble, Sarah M. Greising, Jarrod A. Call
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Western diet and obesity on traumatic muscle injury. The results showed that males are more susceptible to muscle metabolic dysfunction in the context of combined Western diet and traumatic injury, which may be due to impaired metabolic enzyme functions.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emily G. Pendleton, Anna S. Nichenko, Jennifer Mcfaline-Figueroa, Christiana J. Raymond-Pope, Albino G. Schifino, Taylor M. Pigg, Ruth P. Barrow, Sarah M. Greising, Jarrod A. Call, Luke J. Mortensen
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated dynamic muscle function in a TNAP knockout mouse model of severe HPP and found that it recapitulates the muscle strength impairment observed in human patients. Further exploration of the role of alkaline phosphatase in skeletal muscle could provide insight into mechanisms of muscle weakness in HPP.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Albino G. Schifino, Jun-Won Heo, Jennifer McFaline-Figueroa, Sarah M. Greising, Jarrod A. Call