Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Antoine Verriere, Nadia B. Froebisch, Joerg Froebisch
Summary: This study expands the knowledge on vertebral development patterns in amniotes based on well-preserved specimens of Mesosaurus tenuidens. The research reveals the stability of these patterns throughout the evolutionary history of amniotes, suggesting underlying developmental constraints. Additionally, it highlights specific trends in birds, mammals, and squamates that deviate from the ancestral condition, indicating a certain homogeneity of vertebral developmental constraints within these lineages.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Alberto COLLARETA, William A. NEWMAN, Giulia BOSIO, Giovanni COLETTI
Summary: The fossil history of turtle and whale barnacles is still incomplete, but morphological and molecular analyses have shed light on their relationships. A reassessment of a fossil chelonibiid specimen from Tanzania led to the discovery of a new species and insights into the evolution of their shell structure.
INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chamikara Karunasena, Zoran Bjelobrk, Chad Risko
Summary: The research aims to explore the crystallization process control in organic material processing. By studying the growth process of naptho[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (NDT) at the atomic scale, the thermodynamic and kinetic details important for crystallization control are revealed.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chamikara Karunasena, Zoran Bjelobrk, Chad Risko
Summary: A priori control over crystallization is critical in materials chemistry. This study explores the growth of naptho[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (NDT) and reveals the impact of solute concentration, solvent, and temperature on nucleation and growth at the atomic scale. The findings provide important details for the control of organic materials processing.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Li Zhang, Bingbing Liu, Yuanbo Zhang, Guihong Han, Junjie Huang, Jing Ye, Yuelong Li
Summary: SiMn alloy is the most consumed product in the manganese series alloys, which is mainly produced using manganese silicates generated during the pre-treatment of manganese ores. The study revealed that the reduction of pure MnSiO3 results in the formation of manganese carbides and SiO2 before generating SiMn alloy, with newly formed Mn7C3 playing a crucial role in the reduction process. Additionally, the decomposition of SiMn alloy to SiC ceramic at 1700 degrees C is important in illustrating the fragility of the industrial SiMn alloy product.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Shen Zhao, Jinhong Wang, Xinxin Wang, Yikang Wang, Hanying Zheng, Bin Chen, An Zeng, Fuxin Wei, Sadeer Al-Kindi, Shuo Li
Summary: Automatic vertebral body contour extraction (AVBCE) is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal diseases. This study proposes a novel method called ADMIRE, which extends the target contour capture range and provides morphology-aware parameters. Experimental results demonstrate that ADMIRE achieves state-of-the-art performance on various datasets, indicating its accuracy, robustness, and generalization ability.
MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Ashish Menon, Piyush Singh, P. K. Vinod, C. Jawahar
Summary: Histopathology image analysis is a gold standard for cancer diagnosis. This study trains deep learning models to classify cancer vs. normal patches for multiple organs and subtypes. The models show high accuracy in cross-organ inference, especially for breast, colorectal, and liver cancers. The findings suggest shared tumor morphologies among organs.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zulie Pan, Liqun Zhang, Zhihao Hu, Yang Li, Yuanchao Chen
Summary: SATFuzz is a stateful network protocol fuzzing framework that improves vulnerability discovery efficiency through priority sorting and the selection of optimal test sequences. It uses a quasi-recurrent neural network (QRNN) to filter test cases, and has significant advantages.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jules Alex Yugye, Simon Ngos, Serge Edouard Angoua Biouele, Pierre Eric Nkoa Nkoa
Summary: The interpretation of the regional seismic lines in the offshore area of the Kribi-Campo subbasin reveals one aggrading synrift depositional sequence and three postrift prograding depositional sequences. These sequences, along with their erosional unconformities, define the paleotopography of the subbasin and influence the trap types present in the study area.
Article
Mechanics
Donglai Gao, Shuai Zhang, Zhichao Ning, Wen-Li Chen, Hui Li
Summary: Large amplitude rain-wind induced vibration (RWIV) of stay cables of long-span cable-stayed bridges has been a major concern for the past three decades. Recent experimental studies and numerical simulations have shown that the dominant frequency of unsteady lift forces of cables decreases significantly during RWIV, following the traditional Strouhal law. The study focuses on the low-frequency synchronization between cable vibration, upper-rivulet movement, and wake dynamics to investigate the excitation mechanism of RWIV, proposing a three-phase coupling scenario to explain this interesting phenomenon.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Taggert G. Butterfield, Anthony Herrel, Mark E. Olson, Jorge Contreras-Garduno, Rodrigo Macip-Rios
Summary: Morphology directly influences the ability of an organism to utilize its habitat and dietary resources, which in turn affects fitness. Studies have shown significant relationships between morphology, performance, and ecology in turtles, with limb, shell, and head morphology being correlated with swimming speed, bite force, and stable isotopes. This provides evidence that morphology plays a key role in influencing performance and ecology in turtles in the field.
BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hung-Yu Jian, Lihwai Lin, Bau-Ching Hsieh, Keiichi Umetsu, Carlos Lopez-Coba, Masamune Oguri, Connor Bottrell, Yoshiki Toba, Yusei Koyama, Yu-Yen Chang, Tadayuki Kodama, Yutaka Komiyama, Surhud More, Kai-Yang Lin, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, Ichi Tanaka
Summary: This study examines the impact of cluster environments on galaxy properties and finds a slow quenching mechanism at work, with radial and density-related quenching processes equally crucial for low-mass cluster galaxies.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Biology
G. A. Cordero
Summary: Species that have traits with few potentially variable states are more likely to repeatedly evolve similar phenotypes. This paper explores the convergent evolution of shell kinesis in turtles, which involves anatomical alterations in the movement of shell bones. The study reveals the potential for the musculoskeletal system to undergo evolutionary change, even when constrained by the complexity of a shelled body plan.
INTEGRATIVE ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mining & Mineral Processing
Zhixiang Song, Junwen Zhang, Yang Zhang, Xukai Dong, Shanyong Wang
Summary: A three-stage triaxial loading and unloading stress path was designed and proposed to determine and evaluate the brittleness of deep bedded sandstone. Six brittleness indices were selected and analyzed based on the bedding effect and the effect of confining pressure. The entropy weight method was used to assign weight to the indices and a comprehensive brittleness index Bc was defined and evaluated. The proposed method offers reliable evaluations of the brittleness of deep bedded sandstone in deep engineering practices.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Zoology
M. J. Schwaner, S. T. Hsieh, I Braasch, S. Bradley, C. B. Campos, C. E. Collins, C. M. Donatelli, F. E. Fish, O. E. Fitch, B. E. Flammang, B. E. Jackson, A. Jusufi, P. J. Mekdara, A. Patel, B. J. Swalla, M. Vickaryous, C. P. McGowan
Summary: Tails, as a defining characteristic of chordates, exhibit enormous diversity in form and function across different species. Despite this diversity, tails have not received the same level of scientific attention as other body parts, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in advancing tail research. Embracing a holistic understanding of tail evolution and function requires combining traditional and new experimental approaches within various research areas.
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tanja Wintrich, Martin Scaal, Christine Boehmer, Rico Schellhorn, Ilja Kogan, Aaron van der Reest, P. Martin Sander
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Ecology
Marilena A. Mueller, Luisa J. F. Merten, Christine Boehmer, John A. Nyakatura
Summary: Although giraffes maintain the typical seven cervical vertebrae found in mammals, their first thoracic vertebra (T1) exhibits unique cervicalization, supporting the hypothesis of functional elongation in the neck. In contrast to the European bison, other giraffids (okapi and extinct Sivatherium) do not show a cervicalized morphology in T1.
Editorial Material
Zoology
C. Boehmer, E. A. Buchholtz
JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Daniel Nunez-Leon, Gerardo A. Cordero, Xenia Schlindwein, Per Jensen, Esther Stoeckli, Marcelo R. Sanchez-Villagra, Ingmar Werneburg
Summary: The study found that early ontogeny remains highly conservative during the process of domestication evolution, while disproportionate limb growth in the latter part of development better explains the intense selection for industrial-scale production in the last 100 years.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Camille Bader, Christine Boehmer, Maroua Abou, Alexandra Houssaye
Summary: The long bones and associated musculature play a significant role in body support and movement. Apart from functional response to adaptive changes, phylogenetic, structural, and developmental constraints also shape the animal's body. This study investigates the forelimbs of two closely related martens, focusing on their muscle anatomy and bone microanatomy, as well as their covariation. The results reveal that species-specific muscular adaptations are not clearly reflected in bone microanatomy, but differences in locomotor modes can result in global thickening of the bone cortex and stronger flexor muscles. The cortical thickness distribution is linked to ontogeny rather than species-specific patterns, and the muscle-bone correlation is more related to ontogeny than to muscular strength at zones of insertion. Inference on muscle from bone microanatomy is possible only for certain muscles in the humerus.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Paleontology
Anna Krahl, Adam S. Smith, Ingmar Werneburg
Summary: Plesiosaurians evolved similar wing-like flippers for underwater flight. This study discusses the transposition of fore- and hind flippers in a specific specimen and provides methods for correctly identifying the osteological characteristics of this species.
Article
Ecology
Ingmar Werneburg, Pascal Abel
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between skull modularity and temporal skull morphology. By examining the skull network of an early amniote, the researchers discovered complex partitioning in the temporal region, which indicates potential positions for temporal skull openings. Through modeling different temporal skull morphotypes, the researchers found that the introduction of temporal openings leads to comprehensive changes in skull modularity. The alternative incorporation of the jugal and palate highlights the importance of an integrated view on skull evolution.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Pascal Abel, Yannick Pommery, David Paul Ford, Daisuke Koyabu, Ingmar Werneburg
Summary: Temporal fenestrae and excavations have evolved independently at least twice in early amniotes, but the specific drivers behind this evolution have been poorly understood. It is mostly explained by adaptations of the feeding apparatus to new functional demands in the terrestrial realm. The Permian reptile Captorhinus aguti provides insights into the bone integrity and cranial mechanics of an early non-fenestrated amniote skull.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Xenia Schlindwein, Ingmar Werneburg
Summary: This study compared the embryogenesis of domesticated ungulates and found that organs that develop earlier in embryogenesis are more mature at birth. The study also found that changes in fur coloration are an early sign of domestication and that carnivorous domesticates are less mature at birth compared to ungulates. These findings contribute to our understanding of animal domestication and inherited traits.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Ingmar Werneburg, Uwe Hossfeld, Georgy S. Levit
Summary: This report presents a recently discovered student script of a paleontology lecture by Ernst Haeckel. The script covers the taxonomy and anatomy of fossil invertebrates and vertebrates. The drawings included in the script provide insights into Haeckel's visualization of paleontology in the 1860s. The report also explores the division between zoology, embryology, and paleontology in Germany during the 19th century.
VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Florian Boehmer, Katharina Erber, Anja Ewringmann, Ruth Klein, Sven Reese, Christine Boehmer, Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg, Beate Walter
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the value of serum AMH concentrations in distinguishing spayed from intact female rabbits and its relationship with pseudopregnancy and ovarian follicle numbers. The results showed that a single determination of serum AMH concentrations was adequate to differentiate spayed from intact female rabbits, and the follicular or luteal phase did not significantly influence the measured serum AMH concentrations.
REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Ingmar Werneburg, Irina Ruf
Summary: This collection of research articles focuses on various aspects of vertebrate morphology, exploring the interrelationship between ontogenetic and functional adaptations and evolutionary transformations. The articles apply modern and traditional techniques, integrating conceptual frameworks from early morphological research.
VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Ingmar Werneburg, Uwe Hossfeld, Georgy S. Levit
Summary: This article introduces the discussion between Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel about Nikolai N. Miklucho-Maclay and emphasizes its importance for the history of science. They discuss Miklucho-Maclay's discovery of a swim bladder anlage in sharks, with Haeckel expressing enthusiasm while Darwin is less interested. The article further discusses the scientific treatment of Miklucho-Maclay's observation in the literature and the homology, origin, and destiny of gas organs-swim bladders and lungs-in vertebrate evolution from an ontogenetic point of view.
DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Yannick Pommery, Torsten M. Scheyer, James M. Neenan, Tobias Reich, Vincent Fernandez, Dennis F. A. E. Voeten, Adrian S. Losko, Ingmar Werneburg
Summary: Placodontia is a reptile group in the Triassic known for its flat crushing teeth, with Henodus chelyops being a unique species with only a single pair of crushing teeth. Through synchrotron tomography, it was found that the teeth of H. chelyops are much smaller than other placodonts, and its tooth replacement pattern suggests an early evolution of this trait in placodont phylogeny. The dental morphology of H. chelyops, with concave teeth lacking a central cusp, appears to be adapted for processing small invertebrates like branchiopod crustaceans.
BMC ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Christine Boehmer, Estella Boehmer
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2020)