Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yanni Lai, Tiantian Han, Shaofeng Zhan, Yong Jiang, Xiaohong Liu, Geng Li
Summary: Isoimperatorin, a natural compound, exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against various influenza virus strains, especially showing effective inhibition during the later stages of the virus replication cycle. It also exerts inhibitory effects on neuraminidase-mediated virus release, making it a potential agent for influenza A virus prevention and treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Vasilis C. Pliasas, Zach Menne, Virginia Aida, Ji-Hang Yin, Maria C. Naskou, Peter J. Neasham, J. Fletcher North, Dylan Wilson, Katharine A. Horzmann, Joshy Jacob, Ioanna Skountzou, Constantinos S. Kyriakis
Summary: This study evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of a novel vaccine against influenza virus infection in a pig model. The results showed that the vaccine induced high levels of anti-NA antibodies and provided protection comparable to a commercial vaccine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Mengkai Cai, Ping Gan, Xiaokun Hu, Zhanzhuo Mai, Chihai Ji, Heyou Yi, Meidi Li, Shaofang Li, Yikuan Ji, Junmei Huang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study developed a vaccine using virus-like particles (VLPs) that can protect against both EA H1N1 and human-like H3N2 infections. The vaccine induced strong immune responses in mice and provided partial or complete protection against different subtypes of the virus.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruipeng Lei, Timothy J. C. Tan, Andrea Hernandez Garcia, Yiquan Wang, Meghan Diefenbacher, Chuyun Teo, Gopika Gopan, Zahra Tavakoli Dargani, Qi Wen Teo, Claire S. Graham, Christopher B. Brooke, Satish K. Nair, Nicholas C. Wu
Summary: The neuraminidase (NA) of human influenza H3N2 virus has rapidly evolved through accumulating mutations for over half a century. This study reveals that over 10% of natural mutations in the NA of a recent human H3N2 strain are deleterious for the ancestral strain. Mapping these permissive mutations uncovers an extensive epistatic network, with certain interactions explained by non-additive stability effects. The findings provide mechanistic insights into the evolution of human influenza NA and have implications for the development of next-generation influenza vaccines.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Zach Menne, Vasilis C. Pliasas, Richard W. Compans, Sheniqua Glover, Constantinos S. Kyriakis, Ioanna Skountzou
Summary: The study demonstrates that vaccination with neuraminidase VLPs is protective against influenza challenge, and bivalent vaccination can effectively protect against lethal challenge from different subtypes of influenza viruses.
Article
Virology
Alvaro Lopez-Valinas, Laura Baioni, Lorena Cordoba, Ayub Darji, Chiara Chiapponi, Joaquim Segales, Llilianne Ganges, Jose Nunez
Summary: Swine influenza viruses (SIV) cause a highly contagious disease that can lead to economic losses in the pig industry. Vaccination is commonly used to control SIV, but the presence of pre-existing immunity may affect the virus's evolutionary dynamics. This study analyzed the genomic variations in vaccinated and nonvaccinated pigs after a natural infection to understand the adaptability of SIV.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Taesung Ha, Thi Tuyet Mai Pham, Mikyung Kim, Yeon-Hee Kim, Ji-Hyun Park, Ji Hae Seo, Kyung-Min Kim, Eunyoung Ha
Summary: The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has created an urgent need for the development of more effective antiviral materials. This study developed copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) as an antiviral agent and demonstrated their superior antiviral activities compared to copper microparticles. Cu NPs showed spherical shape and uniform distribution, while commercially available copper microparticles had irregular shape. Virus inactivation assay and cell viability tests showed that Cu NPs effectively reduced the infectivity of H1N1 virus and improved the survival rate of infected cells.
Article
Microbiology
Fei Wang, Zhimin Wan, Jinsen Wu, Yajuan Wang, Hui Fu, Hongxia Shao, Kun Qian, Wei Gao, Jianqiang Ye, Aijian Qin
Summary: The study found that the monoclonal antibody 1G8 can cross-react with and inhibit the NA of H3N2 human seasonal influenza virus. It also provides protection against H1N2 viruses carrying H9N2 NA or H3N2 NA. Additionally, residue 199 is crucial for H3N2 HSIV to escape from mAb 1G8.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jingwei Geng, Xiaoning Hu, Zhongmou Zhang, Zichen Gu, Yuanyuan Li, Xiaodong Mou, Lu Mao, Yongzhuang Ge, Xinyu Yang, Yihui Song, Hongmin Liu, Linqing Wang, Zhanyong Wei, Zhenya Wang, Haiwei Xu
Summary: A new compound, M355, was designed and shown to effectively inhibit the replication and infection of H1N1 virus both in cellular and animal models. It demonstrated potent antiviral activity against H1N1 with low toxicity and reduced virus-induced cytopathic effect.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Yiquan Wang, Ruipeng Lei, Armita Nourmohammad, Nicholas C. Wu
Summary: This study characterized the local fitness landscape of the NA antigenic region in different human H3N2 strains using combinatorial mutagenesis and next-generation sequencing. The analysis revealed that local net charge governs pairwise epistasis in this antigenic region and residue coevolution is correlated with the pairwise epistasis between charge states, highlighting the importance of quantifying epistasis and biophysical constraints in building a model of influenza evolution. The results provide valuable insights into the evolutionary dynamics of influenza viruses.
Article
Virology
Chengcheng Zhang, Guoying Zhang, Yu Zhang, Xiaojing Lin, Xiujuan Zhao, Qinghua Cui, Lijun Rong, Ruikun Du
Summary: In this study, a reporter influenza A/H3N2 virus (A/NY-HiBiT) derived from a clinical isolate was constructed by placing a minimized HiBiT tag to the viral nuclear-export protein. The HiBiT tag did not affect the viral genome balance, and the recombinant A/NY-HiBiT virus remained stable. The replication profile of the HiBiT-tagged virus could be measured using a simple Nano-Glo assay, providing a robust platform for high-throughput screening. Using this platform, three fractions from Chinese medicinal materials were identified as potent anti-influenza A virus actives.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hyun-Jong Lee, Gwanghui Ryu, Ki-Il Lee
Summary: This study compared the symptomatic characteristics of influenza A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 subtypes in primary healthcare settings in Korea. The results showed that the H3N2-dominant season had higher average body temperature and more patients with high fever compared to the H1N1-dominant season. On the other hand, symptoms such as myalgia, cough, and sore throat were more common in the H1N1-dominant season. Antiviral drugs were prescribed to the majority of febrile patients in both seasons.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Virology
Yaqin Bai, Jeremy C. Jones, Sook-San Wong, Mark Zanin
Summary: Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are critical parts of influenza viruses, serving as targets for immune response and antiviral drugs. Neuraminidase inhibitors like oseltamivir are commonly used against influenza, while antivirals targeting hemagglutinin are newer with a higher resistance threshold.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Hui-Xian Wang, Mao-Sen Zeng, Yi Ye, Jin-Yuan Liu, Pei-Ping Xu
Summary: Puerarin, a major isoflavone compound from Pueraria lobata root, exhibits various properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral effects. It shows inhibitory activity against H1N1 influenza virus by blocking viral NP transport and newly formed virus particle release. In vivo studies demonstrate its potential as a treatment for influenza virus infection, with effective antiviral activity and reduced inflammation in the lungs.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Mehrnaz Khodsiani, Zahra Kianmehr, Bogumil Brycki, Adrianna Szulc, Parvaneh Mehrbod
Summary: This study examined the antiviral capacity of Gemini surfactants (GS) compounds with different levels of hydrophobicity against Influenza A virus (IAV). It was found that GS compounds were effective in reducing virus titers and had minimal impact on cell viability in simultaneous, pre-, and post-penetration combination treatments. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay further demonstrated the ability of GS compounds to disrupt viral entry. In conclusion, GS compounds have high antiviral potential and could be used for the treatment of IAV infection.
ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)